미국: 이라크에 있는 아이 피억류자의 존경 권리
인권 감시 | 이라크에 있는 미군은 구금으로 선택하는 아이들이 아이들로 그들의 상태에 따르면, 및 독립적인 감시자에 주어진 신속한 사법 심사 및 접근, 오늘 말한 인권 감시 대우된ㄴ다는 것을 보증해야 한다. 5월 22일에, 국가가 그들의 통제의 밑에 그런 아이들의 회복 그리고 재통합으로 도울 것을 요구하는 아이 군인 제네바에서의 사용을 금지해 아동 권리에 유엔 위원회는 국제 조약을 가진 미국 수락을 검토하기 위하여 만날 것이다.
이라크에 있는 다국적 힘으로 작동하는 미국 군 권위는 2008년 5월 12일 현재로, 옮겨 513명의 이라크 아이들을," 이고 이라크 구금으로 다른 아이들의 불명한 수를 "안전에 긴급한 위협으로 붙든. 이라크 (UNAMI)에 있는 국제 연합 원조 임무에 의하여 최근 보고에 따르면, 이라크 구금에 있는 아이들은 신체적 학대의 모험에 이다.
"그것이 직접적으로 포함되지 않은 충돌에서, 미국은 계속 군인이 사회를 재입력하는 돕는 아이에 있는 지도자,"이다 Clarisa Bencomo, 인권 감시에 중동 아이들의 연구원을 말했다. "지도력의 종류가 이라크에서 불운하게 놓치고 있는."
5월 22일에, 아동 권리에 유엔 위원회는 제네바에서 미국이 2002년에 비준한 무력 충돌에 있는 아이들에 선택 의정서를 가진 미국 수락을 검토하기 위하여 만날 것이다. 조약은 충돌에 어떤 당든지에 의하여 전쟁에서 18 이하 사람의 신규 모집 그리고 사용 금지하고, 국가가 육체 및 심리학 회복을 모든 적합한 원조 및 그들의 관할 또는 통제의 밑에 그런 아이들의 사회적인 재통합 제공할 것을 요구한다.
2003년부터, 미국은 10 아이들 젊음을 포함하여 이라크에 있는 약 2,400명의 아이들을, 만큼 억류했다. 제지 비율은 25 2006년에에서 달 달 100명의 새로운 아이들의 평균에게 2007년에 격렬하게 상승했다. 미국은 바그다드에 있는 미국 야영지 소작인에 대부분의 아이들을 붙들고, 그러나 또한 주요 미국 군 제지 시설, 바스라의 가까이에 야영지 Bucca에 아이들을 붙들었다. 미국 관리는 올해 초에 이 기능에 성인에서 아이들을 분리한다 인권 감시를 말하고 그러나 다른 아이 피억류자에서 젊음 또는 특히 비난받기 쉬운 아이들을 아주 분리하지 않는다.
In early 2007, a 17-year-old boy was reportedly strangled to death by a fellow child detainee at Camp Cropper.
Child detainees, no differently from adults, may be interrogated over the course of days or weeks by military units in the field before being sent to the main detention centers. They have no real opportunity to challenge their detention: earlier this year US officials told Human Rights Watch that children are not provided with lawyers and do not attend the one-week or one-month detention reviews after their transfer to Camp Cropper. In addition, children have very limited contact with their families. While the US does assign each child a military “advocate” at the mandatory six-month detention review, that advocate has no training in juvenile justice or child development.
As of February 2008, the reported average length of detention for children was more than 130 days, and some children have been detained for more than a year without charge or trial, in violation of the Coalition Provisional Authority memorandum on criminal procedures. That memorandum’s section on “security internee process” states, “Any person under the age of 18 interned at any time shall in all cases be released not later than 12 months after the initial date of internment.”
“The vast majority of children detained in Iraq languish for months in US military custody,” Bencomo said. “The US should provide these children with immediate access to lawyers and an independent judicial review of their detention.”
In August 2007, the United States opened Dar al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) at Camp Cropper with the stated intention to provide 600 detainees, ranging in age from 11 to 17, with educational services pending release or transfer to Iraqi custody. However, in May 2008, US military officials in Baghdad told Human Rights Watch that only “200 to 300″ of the 513 child detainees were enrolled in classes at Dar al-Hikmah. Currently, children who are excluded from the program do not receive any other educational services.
Like adults, children transferred to Iraqi custody are at risk of abuse and poor conditions of confinement. A US military official in Baghdad told Human Rights Watch this month that the US was delaying the transfer of 130 child detainees to Iraq’s al-Tobchi juvenile detention facility because of conditions there.
The UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) found that overcrowding at al-Tobchi was causing hygiene problems during visits in October and November 2007. At the time the facility was operating at close to double its normal capacity of 200 beds, and children were sharing beds or taking turns to sleep on the floor without mattresses.
To date, the United States has not released statistics on the number of children it has transferred to Iraqi custody for trial. According to UNAMI, 89 children transferred from US to Iraqi custody had been convicted of offenses by December 2007. Between December 2007 and March 2008, there was a drop of 450 children in US custody, but the United States has not made known whether they were released or transferred to Iraqi custody.
Human Rights Watch calls on US military forces in Iraq to:
• Ensure children in its custody receive prompt access to independent legal assistance and family visits;
• Provide children with prompt review of detention by an independent judicial body;
• Release children who have been detained for more than a year, in compliance with Section 6, Article 5 of Coalition Provisional Authority Memo 3 (revised) of June 27, 2004;
• Separate very young and other particularly vulnerable children from other detainees;
• Allow UNICEF, UNAMI, and other independent monitors confidential access to children in US custody;
• Refrain from transferring physical custody of children to Iraqi authorities pending trial when there is reason to believe they will be at risk of abuse; and,
• Ensure the right to education and recreation of all children in US custody.
Background
Since the declared end of the US occupation of Iraq in June 2004, detained persons should be provided due process under international human rights law. Security Council Resolution 1546 and its successors allow for internment of Iraqis “for imperative reasons of security.” However, the United States improperly uses this language to justify holding the detainees without judicial review and other basic rights, as if the operative law were the Fourth Geneva Convention on the treatment of civilians during international armed conflict.
Human rights law, as found in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, requires that all persons arrested be brought promptly before a judge, have access to legal counsel and family members, be charged with a cognizable criminal offense, and receive a prompt trial meeting international fair trial standards. It also requires states to provide every child “such measures of protection as are required by his status as a minor.”
Under international juvenile justice standards, children accused of criminal offenses must have access to specialized juvenile justice systems, with specially trained judges, prosecutors, and attorneys working in a framework of restorative justice and social rehabilitation. The arrest and detention of a child must be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. Detained children should be separated from adults, and are entitled to prompt access to legal and other appropriate assistance in challenging detention.
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This entry was posted on Monday, May 26th, 2008 at 8:43 pm and is filed under War & Terrorism News, General . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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