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Свет сарая памяток на пользе C I A пытки лишения сна
Вторник 11-ое мая 2009
Грег Miller | Сообщающ от вашингтона - по мере того как президент Obama подготовил последний месяц для того чтобы выпустить втихомолку памятки на пользе C I A строгих методов расспрашивания, Белый дом fielded flurry last-minute воззваний. Одно пришло от бывшего директора Майкл V.C I A. Hayden, которое выразило неверие что подготовила подвергнуть действию администрацию методы оно могло более поздно решить для этого. «Вы говоря мне что под всеми условиями угрозы, вы никогда не будете мешать с сном detainee?» Hayden спросило верхнему должностному лицу Белого дома, согласно источникам знакомым с обменом. От начала, лишение сна было одним из самых важных элементов в программе расспрашивания C I A, после того как оно использовано для того чтобы помочь дюжинам пролома заподозренных террористов, далеко больше чем самые яростные подходы. И будет среди методов агенством ым наиболее крепко для того чтобы держать. Метод теперь запрещен запретом президента Obama's в январе на жестковатых методах расспрашивания, хотя силы особого назначения рассматривает свою пользу вместе с другими методами расспрашивания, котор агенство могло использовать in the future. Из-за своей эффективности - также, как воспринятие что было более менее неприятно чем waterboarding, головк-хлопающ или forced nudity - лишение сна может быть увидены, что как метод уговаривать восстановило. Но памятки отдела правосудия выпустили последний месяц Obama, так же, как на информацию обеспеченную должностными лицами знакомыми с программой, показано что метод, который включает принудить прикованных пленников стоять, иногда на дни на конце, был более состязательн внутри США. община сведении чем было широко известно. Общийа отчет контролера C I A выданный в 2004 был критическиее пользы агенства лишения сна чем он был любого другого метода кроме waterboarding, согласно должностным лицам знакомым с документом, из-за как метод был приложен. Пленники имели их ноги shackled к полу и их рукам cuffed close to их подбородки, согласно памяткам отдела правосудия. Detainees были clad только в пеленках и позволены подать. Пленника начал перемещаться для того чтобы спать опрокинул бы излишек и уловил бы его цепями. Памятки сказали что больше чем 25 из пленников C I A подверглись к лишению сна. На один этап, агенство было позволено держать пленников awake для покуда 11 день; the limit was later reduced to just over a week. According to the memos, medical personnel were to make sure prisoners weren’t injured. But a 2007 Red Cross report on the CIA program said that detainees’ wrists and ankles bore scars from their shackles. When detainees could no longer stand, they could be laid on the prison floor with their limbs “anchored to a far point on the floor in such a manner that the arms cannot be bent or used for balance or comfort,” a May 10, 2005, memo said. “The position is sufficiently uncomfortable to detainees to deprive them of unbroken sleep, while allowing their lower limbs to recover from the effects of standing,” it said. In the Red Cross report, prisoners said they were also subjected to loud music and repetitive noise. “I was kept sitting on a chair, shackled by hands and feet for two to three weeks,” said suspected Al Qaeda operative Abu Zubaydah, the first prisoner captured by the CIA, according to the Red Cross report. “If I started to fall asleep, a guard would come and spray water in my face.” In the Justice Department memos, sleep deprivation was described as part of a “baseline” phase of interrogation, categorized as less severe than other “corrective” or “coercive” methods. Within the CIA, sleep deprivation was seen as a method with the unique advantage of eroding prisoners’ will to resist without causing lasting harm. “Waterboarding was obviously the most controversial,” said a former senior U.S. government official who was briefed extensively on CIA interrogation operations. But “sleep deprivation is probably the most effective thing they had going.” Facing congressional efforts in 2005 and 2006 to block the use of certain techniques, CIA lawyers and Bush administration officials lobbied to keep a core set of methods, including sleep deprivation. In 2007, after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling compelled the White House to bring the CIA program into compliance with the Geneva Convention, President Bush signed an executive order that outlined detainees’ rights to the “basic necessities of life.” The order listed “adequate food and water, shelter from the elements, necessary clothing” and protection from extreme heat and cold. But it made no mention of sleep as a basic necessity. Current and former U.S. intelligence officials said sleep deprivation multiplied the coercive power of other techniques that included face-slapping and confinement in small boxes. “It was viewed as a tool that enabled all the others,” said a former CIA official directly involved in the program. The former official, like others, described internal thinking on condition of anonymity. The Justice Department memos also cited research that suggested sleep deprivation was not harmful. “Experience with sleep deprivation shows that ’surprisingly, little seemed to go wrong with the subjects physically,’ ” said the May 10, 2005, Justice Department memo — one of many instances in which government lawyers cited scientific papers in asserting that the program was safe. But some authors of those studies have since said that the conclusions of their research were grossly misapplied. James Horne, director of the Sleep Research Center at Loughborough University in Britain, said he was never consulted by U.S. officials and didn’t know how his work was being used until the memos were released. “My response was shocked concern,” Horne said in an e-mail interview. Just because the pain of sleep deprivation “can’t be measured in terms of physical injury or appearance . . . does not mean that the mental anguish is not as bad.” Horne said that it was dangerous for the CIA to extrapolate from independent research in which subjects had gone for as long as a week without sleep, voluntarily, and were free to eat, rest, watch television or leave the research facility at any time. By contrast, CIA prisoners were subjected to major additional stresses that risk physical and mental collapse. “To claim that 180 hours is safe in these respects is nonsense,” Horne wrote in a separate online posting. Even if sleep deprivation succeeded in getting prisoners to talk, he said, “I would doubt whether the state of mind would be able to produce credible information, unaffected by delusion, fantasy or suggestibility.” Have Your Say: Memos shed light on CIA use of sleep deprivation torture Please read our posting guidelines before posting. Alternatively you can discuss this report here. Related News
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