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Το Ιράκ `διαιρεί και κυβερνά» τη στρατηγική αποκαλούμενη μυωπική

Δευτέρα, 5η Μαΐου 2008

divide.jpgΔιά υπηρεσία Τύπου | Πέντε έτη από τις ΗΠΑ. Πρόεδρος George W. Η κακόφημη «ολοκληρωμένη αποστολή» ομιλία του Μπους, κριτικοί λέει ότι η διοίκηση πρέπει να παρουσιάσει ακόμα αξιόπιστο τρόπο πραγματικά «να ολοκληρώσει» την αποστολή που θα μπορούσε να δει ένα ειρηνικό Ιράκ και ένα επιστροφής σπίτι των ΗΠΑ. στρατεύματα.

Αν και η βελτίωση του 2007 της στρατηγικής αντιεξέγερσης, γνωστή ως «κύμα,» έχει μειώσει εμφανώς τη βία, την πολιτική αναταραχή και την ethno-αιρετικοη πανούκλα Ιράκ σύγκρουσης ακόμα.

Οι ΗΠΑ. το κύμα και οι ταυτόχρονες θετικές εξελίξεις του δημιούργησαν το πολιτικό διάστημα, αλλά οι σημαντικές κινήσεις προς τις περιεκτικές πολιτικές συμφωνίες και τη συμφιλίωση πρέπει να ακολουθήσουν ακόμα, είπαν ένα ζευγάρι των νέων εκθέσεων του Ιράκ από τη διεθνή ομάδα κρίσης (ICG).

Παραδείγματος χάριν, το Sunni ξύπνημα, ή η μετακίνηση Sahwa, που βοήθησαν να επιβραδύνουν τη βία σε ένα μεγάλο μέρος της επαρχίας Βαγδάτη και Anbar με να φέρουν στα προηγούμενα insurgents και την ενσωμάτωση τους στις ΗΠΑ - χρηματοδοτημένες πολιτοφυλακές, παραδείγματος χάριν, αφήνει ένα νέο Sunni πολιτικό τοπίο.

Αλλά εκείνο το τοπίο, με τα όλα πλεονεκτήματά του για τη σταθερότητα - και με αυτόν τον τρόπο τις ΗΠΑ. επάγγελμα - έχει αποτύχει στη μετάβαση στην πολιτική της ιρακινής κεντρικής κυβέρνησης. Η απογοήτευση με εκείνες τις αποτυχίες δημιουργεί μια ανήσυχη ατμόσφαιρα που ακόμη και ΗΠΑ. οι ανώτεροι υπάλληλοι αναγνωρίζουν ως «εύθραυστοι και αντιστρέψιμοι.»

Τα «φυλετικά στοιχεία και τα προηγούμενα insurgents μπορούν να γίνουν απογοητευμένα με την έλλειψη πολιτικής προόδου, ανεπαρκή βήματα προς τον οικονομικό και κοινωνικό συνυπολογισμό, και τι θεωρούν ως συνεχή κυριαρχία από του» ite τα πληρεξούσια Ιράν και το Shi,» είπε την πρώτη έκθεση IGC, «Ιράκ μετά από το κύμα Ι: Το νέο Sunni τοπίο.»

Έτσι ενώ οι μεγαλύτερες επαναστατικός-ΗΠΑ. οι μάχες και η ευρύτερη sunni-Sunni-Shia πάλη έχουν μειώσει, ο νέος, μικρότερος, οι υποδιαιρεμένες ομάδες συνεχίζουν να χτυπούν τα κεφάλια. Οι ΗΠΑ. η πολιτική της τάσης να επιλέξει μεταξύ αυτών των ομάδων με είτε την οικονομική είτε στρατιωτική υποστήριξη, είπε η έκθεση, δεν αποτελεί τα σημαντικά βήματα προς την πολιτική συμφιλίωση.

Η έκθεση IGC σημειώνει ότι οι ΗΠΑ. η «τακτική διαίρεση-και-κανόνα» ενισχύει τις νέες γραμμές ελαττωμάτων στην κοινωνία, και με την ωφέλεια μόνο μιας ομάδας, δημιουργεί τη δυσαρέσκεια μεταξύ άλλων.

«Τελικά, η σταθερότητα θα απαιτήσει ότι τέτοιους ανταγωνισμούς δεν μεσολαβούν ούτε μέσω της βίας ούτε αγοράζω-μακριά, αλλά από το λειτουργικό, νόμιμο κράτος τα όργανα,» είπαν την έκθεση. Αυτός, στη συνέχεια, απαιτεί τις ΗΠΑ. για να υποστηρίξει «ένα πραγματικά συμπεριλαμβάνον πολιτικό σύστημα.»

Ένα άλλο γεγονός των ΗΠΑ. favoritism that could lead to sharp divides and potential large-scale violence is the intra-Shia power struggle for control of southern Iraq.

Backed by U.S. air power, an offensive by the two main power-sharing partners in the Iraqi central government, Da’wa and the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq, in the southern strongholds of militant anti-U.S. cleric Moqtada al-Sadr was designed to cripple Sadr and his Mahdi Army militia ahead of provincial elections scheduled for this fall.

When the advance was thwarted by Sadrist fighters, the ruling Shia parties took up a piece of legislation that was aimed at scuttling Sadr’s bid in the elections by making it illegal for parties with militias to participate.

Council on Foreign Relations fellow Mohammad Bazzi wrote in the Washington Times that though Sadrists and the Mahdi Army were not named in the legislation, it is clearly a misguided attempt to isolate them – noting that other parties such as ISCI are not hampered though they, too, have militias.

“It’s virtually impossible to wipe out the Sadrist trend, which is a social, political, and military movement that enjoys wide support, particularly among young and poor Shi’ites,” wrote Bazzi.

“The consequences of trying to isolate Sheik al-Sadr and his political movement are profound,” said Bazzi, saying that the move would end a Sadr cease-fire and drastically increase violence aimed at both the U.S. and the central Iraqi government.

Noting the situation in the second report, “Iraq After the Surge II: The Need For a New Political Strategy,” ICG recommends that the Iraqi government hold provincial elections on the original schedule of Oct. 1, 2008, and “ensure that these are inclusive of all parties, groups and individuals that publicly accept nonviolence (rather than, at this stage, disband their militias).”

This runs contrary to the law before the Iraqi parliament, and would allow incorporation of Sadrists into above-board politics.

“If [the Sadrists are going to sweep the South], that needs to be allowed to happen – so long as it’s the result of a free and fair election and not at the barrel of a gun,” Jason Gluck of the U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP) told IPS.

“If you want to talk about political progress, there are many justifications for confronting the armed militias, particularly the Mahdi Army,” said Gluck. “But that confrontation must be coupled with political opportunity and engagement. The Sadrists need to be ensured that if they comply, there are going to be free and fair elections.”

“My criticism would be that there has not been this olive branch – this welcoming into the political process – that’s simultaneous with the military engagement,” continued Gluck, who is a rule-of-law adviser with USIP. “It has not been made clear that while Sadr and the Mahdi Army must disarm, or at the very least disavow violence [as with the ICG proposal], if they do that they will be welcomed into the political process.”

Gluck acknowledged that the dealings of Sadrist members of parliament – in line with the general Sadrist Iraqi nationalism – already show that they are capable of meaningful political engagement, most importantly across sectarian lines.

“We can promote that by encouraging Sadr to rely on the political process and not on the barrel of a gun,” he said.

The IGC report on the new politics needed in Iraq reinforced the importance of the provincial elections as a stepping stone toward true reconciliation.

“If genuinely free and fair and carried out in a secure environment, these hold the potential of beginning to alter the political landscape by bringing a new generation and class of political leaders to the fore,” it said.

Nearly all observers agree that action needs to be taken soon in the relative calm provided by the U.S. surge strategy.

“There is reason to fear this is only a temporary salve and that underlying issues will again come to the fore,” said the IGC report. “Whatever political space the surge tore open is likely to narrow once again.”

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One Response to “Iraq ‘Divide and Rule’ Strategy Called Shortsighted”

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    Posted: May 6th, 2008 at 8:14 am | Link to this

    Iraq ‘Divide and Rule’ Strategy Called Shortsighted « Dr Nasir Khan

    […] Continued . . . […]

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