Cluster Bomb Ban Opposed by US, China, Russia集束炸弹，禁止反对由美国，中国，俄罗斯
By Nick Cumming-Bruce - GENEVA | Believe the advocates of a treaty banning cluster munitions, and the international community is about to take a decisive step toward curbing the use of a weapon that inflicts terrible suffering, particularly on civilians.由Nick卡明-布鲁斯-日内瓦|相信主张一项条约，禁止集束弹药，和国际社会是即将采取的一个决定性步骤，对制止使用一种武器，造成可怕的苦难，特别是对平民的。 Believe the US government, and the measure they propose threatens to undermine the NATO alliance that has underpinned Western security since World War II.相信美国政府，以及他们提出的措施，威胁要削弱北约联盟，已安全下，西方自第二次世界大战以来。
Delegates from more than 100 countries will open a conference in Dublin tomorrow that will try to hammer out a treaty banning the production, use, stockpiling, or transfer of cluster munitions - bombs or artillery shells packed with up to several hundred bomblets or submunitions that are sprayed over wide areas of territory.Major producers and stockpilers of cluster munitions, the United States, Russia, and China, will be absent and are opposed to a treaty, but disarmament specialists liken the cluster treaty to the Ottawa Treaty of 1997 banning land mines, which was shunned by the major powers but has proved influential in shaping the policies of countries outside the convention.与会代表来自100多个国家将打开一个会议在都柏林明天会尝试以敲定一项条约，禁止生产，使用，储存，或转让的集束弹药-炸弹或炮弹挤满了多达数百个小炸弹或子是喷涂大面积的territory.major生产者和stockpilers集束弹药，美国，俄罗斯和中国，将缺席与反对条约，但裁军专家比喻为群集条约渥太华条约在1997年禁止地雷，这是回避，由大国，但已证明是有影响力的在塑造的政策以外的国家公约。
Support for a ban on cluster weapons has risen sharply since the 2006 conflict between Israel and Lebanon, when, according to United Nations estimates, Israeli troops fired some 4 million Vietnam War-era submunitions, of which a quarter failed to explode.支持为禁止集束武器的急剧上升，自2006年冲突的以色列和黎巴嫩之间，当，据联合国估计，以色列军队发射了大约400万越南战争时代的弹药，其中有四分之一没有爆炸。
These have reportedly caused more than 200 casualties since the end of the war and required a costly and hazardous cleanup operation by international aid agencies - often funded by Western governments.据报道，这些都造成了200多名人员伤亡，自战争结束后，需要昂贵的和危险的清理行动由国际援助机构-常常资助的西方政府。
In Laos, where the United States dropped 2 million tons of ordnance in the 1970s, including an estimated 260 million submunitions, unexploded weapons still kill and maim people and hinder economic development.在老挝，美国下降了2万吨，弹药在20世纪70年代，包括一，估计2.60亿弹药，武器，仍然未杀害和残害人民和阻碍经济发展。
As many as 10 percent to 15 percent of cluster munitions normally fail to explode on impact but those who support the treaty say the figure could be much higher.多达10 ％至15 ％的集束弹药通常未爆炸的影响，但这些谁支持该条约的说，数字可能高得多。 A study by Handicap International, a nongovernmental organization based in Belgium, found that 98 percent of recorded victims were civilians and one-third of casualties were children.一项研究是由国际残疾协会，民间组织，总部设在比利时，发现98 ％的记录受害者是平民，其中三分之一的伤亡是儿童。
But after a series of international and regional conferences that have mapped out the broad parameters of a treaty, Dublin is the venue where negotiators have to refine rhetoric into a legally binding instrument governing a weapon system that represents a substantial part of the arsenal of the United States and some of its NATO allies.但经过一系列的国际和区域会议已经制定了广泛的参数的一项条约，都柏林是地点的谈判，以完善的修辞成为一个具有法律约束力的文书，执政的武器系统代表了相当部分的武库美国国家和它的一些北约盟国。
“It’s going to be a bruising conference,” said Patrick McCarthy, coordinator of the Geneva Forum, a disarmament research body. “这将是一瘀伤会议，说： ”帕特里克麦卡锡，协调员的日内瓦论坛，裁军研究机构。
A handful of issues loom as key battlegrounds.少数问题织机的关键战场。 One will be the definition of what constitutes a cluster munition, with richer Western nations like Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and Switzerland pressing for exclusion of sophisticated weapons that have self-destruct mechanisms, target sensors, or a small number of submunitions.一会的定义是什么构成了集束弹药，丰富的西方国家一样，英国，丹麦，法国，德国，意大利，瑞典，瑞士和迫切性排斥的尖端武器有自毁装置，目标传感器，或一小有多少弹药。
Others, like Germany, want a transition period of up to 10 years during which they can continue to use such weapons while they find replacements.其他，如德国，希望有一个过渡期长达10年期间，他们可以继续使用这种武器的同时，他们找到替代品。
Among the most contentious is a proposed clause that would prevent those who sign onto the treaty from engaging in joint operations with forces still employing cluster munitions.其中最有争议的是一个拟议的第这将防止那些谁上签署该条约均不得从事联合行动，与势力仍在雇用集束弹药。
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