UK government accessing telephone records英国政府获取电话记录
At the beginning of October, the Labour government “activated” part three of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) granting various branches of the state wide powers to access telephone records without recourse to a judge.截至10月初，工党政府的"启动"三个部分的规管调查权力法案2000 （权力规范） ，给予各分行的国家广泛权力，以获取电话记录，没有求助于法官。
According to some reports, up to 800 state bodies and agencies can now seek access to telephone records, including all of Britain’s local authorities and even such quasi-non-governmental organisations as the Scottish Ambulance Service Board or the Food Standards Agency.据报道，多达800个国家机关和机构现在可以谋求获取电话记录，其中包括所有的英国地方当局，甚至发生了类似的非政府机构作为苏格兰救护服务局或食品标准局。
Security and Counter-terrorism Minister Tony McNulty told BBC Radio 4 that the data could provide three levels of information, with the simplest being about the phone’s owner.安全和反恐怖主义部长托尼mcnulty告诉英国广播公司电台第四台，该数据可以提供三个层次的信息，以最简单的正对手机的主人。 The second level of data is not merely about the subscriber, “but also the calls made by that phone.第二个层次的数据，不仅是对用户" ，而且通话费用由该电话。
“And the third level, which is purely for the security forces, police, etc., is not just the subscriber information and the calls made, but also the calls coming in and location data—where the calls are made from.” "第三个层次，这纯粹是为安全部队，警察等，不只是登记资料和通话费用，而且还要求今后在和定位数据，只要通话是由" 。
Since telecom operators retain geographic data about the “cells” over which calls are routed, these provide sufficient information to locate a mobile phone.由于电信运营商保留的地理数据的有关"细胞" ，其中要求，是单线，这些提供足够的资料，找到一部手提电话。 In urban areas, where the cell transmitters are very densely sited, this enables a phone’s position to be calculated to within a few feet.在城市地区，而该细胞的发射机很密集的位置，而这将使得手机的位置，以计算在一个几英尺。
Further powers include demanding encryption keys that may have been used to encrypt data and emails be handed over, with failure to comply attracting a possible prison sentence of from two to five years.进一步的权力，包括要求加密密钥可能被用来加密数据和电子邮件移交，不遵守吸引可能在监狱服刑的，从4时58年。
Under section 49 of RIPA, the police can serve a notice requiring encrypted data to be “put into an intelligible form”—ie, decrypted.根据第49条的权力规范，警方可以送达通知书，要求加密的数据被"投入可读的形式" -即解密。 It can force people to hand over their encryption keys, which will then be held by the National Technical Assistance Centre (NTAC).它可以迫使人们交出自己的加密密钥，然后会将举行，由美国国家技术援助中心（ ntac ） 。 According to the Home Office, this is a “twenty-four hour centre operated on behalf of all the law enforcement, security and intelligence agencies, providing a central facility for the complex processing needed to derive intelligible material from lawfully intercepted computer-to-computer communications and from lawfully seized computer data that are increasingly encrypted.”据民政厅，这是一个" 24小时中心代表所有执法，安全和情报机构，并提供中央设施，为复杂的加工需要从中理解材料，从合法截获计算机与计算机之间通信和合法检获的电脑资料说，正日益加密" 。
The government has sought to justify this extension of state powers mainly by citing the “fight against terrorism,” but it has also admitted that the use of encryption has grown more rapidly than it had anticipated, and that this is also a reason why it has now “activated” the powers already contained in RIPA when it was placed on the statute books in 2000.政府曾经设法证明这一扩展国家的权力，主要是通过引用"打击恐怖主义" ，但也承认说，使用加密技术的发展速度超过了预期，并认为这也是一个原因，它已现在"激活"的权力已经包含在权力规范，当它被放置于法律典籍在2000年。
The new powers provide a quasi-judicial veneer for the fact that various state agencies were already seeking far wider access to private data, and this is set to expand even further.新的权力提供一个准司法单板为事实，即国家各机构已经在寻求更为广泛进入私人数据，而这是一套以扩大更加缓慢。 A commentary by the civil liberties organisation Statewatch in 2003 had already noted that “hundreds of thousands of requests for access to communication data are already being made by agencies even though there is no legal power to do so.”一篇评论，由公民自由组织statewatch在2003年已指出， "数以十万计的要求查阅通信数据已被提出的机构，即使是没有任何法律有权这样做" 。
According to a report this month by the civil and human rights group Liberty, there were “nearly 440,000 authorisations for communications data traffic between June 2005 and March 2006.”据报道，这个月，由民权和人权团体自由，有"近44万授权用于通信数据流量之间于2005年6月和2006年3月" 。
This massive extension of the state’s powers to intrude into the life of the ordinary citizen was introduced without recourse to a debate in parliament but through the mechanism of a “parliamentary instrument” signed by the home secretary, Jacquie Smith, which one press report said was “quietly approved” in July.这种大规模的扩建，国家的权力，以闯入我的生活，普通公民实行无追索权，以进行辩论，但国会通过该机制的一个"议会文书签订的"由民政司， jacquie史密斯，其中报章报导说的是"悄悄的认可" ，在七月举行。
The government claims to have held “full consultation” on the introduction of the new measures, but this is contested by those who follow civil liberties issues closely.政府声称他们已经进行了"充分协商" ，对实行新的措施，但是，这是有争议的，由那些后续公民自由问题上紧密合作。 Writing in the Observer newspaper, Henry Porter said, “Yeah, right.写在观察家报，亨利波特说， "是啊，正确的。 When?什么时候？ With whom?与谁？ The Welsh Ambulance Service?威尔士救护服务？ The Postal Services Commission?邮政服务佣金？ Wychavon district council? wychavon区议会？ All of them can now acquire your phone records.所有这些国家现在可以获取你的电话记录。 There was absolutely no debate about this, and it is nothing but a straight lie to claim otherwise.”有绝对没有任何辩论，这和它不过是一种直说谎，声称否则" 。
“We are not intruding into people’s private lives,” a Home Office spokesperson said, going on to claim that the exercise of the new powers was consistent with the European Convention on Human Rights and UK Human Rights Act, as long as the demand for decryption is “both necessary and proportionate.” "我们并没有侵入到人们的私人生活， "家庭办公室发言人说，正在进行声称行使新权力，是符合欧洲人权公约和英国的人权法，只要把需求为解密，是"必要的和相称的" 。
But who decides what is “necessary and proportionate”?但是由谁来决定什么是"必要和适当" ？ And what public scrutiny is there to ensure that these powers are not being abused arbitrarily?以及什么是公众监督是有，以确保这些权力不被滥用随便？
To require judicial approval for such a level of access requests would completely swamp the court system.要求司法当局核准这种级别的访问请求会完全沼泽法院系统。 So authorisation has been devolved to what Statewatch has called the office of the “toothless” Interception of Communications Commissioner, “which is hardly likely to engender public confidence.”所以授权已下放给什么statewatch有所谓办公室的"无牙"截取通讯专员" ，这是绝不可能引起公众的信心" 。
“The holders of this post, and the Tribunal to which members of the public can complain about surveillance, were created under the 1985 Interceptions of Communications Act (now replaced by RIPA 2000), have never in the eighteen years of their existence upheld a complaint,” according to Statewatch. "持这个职位，而该法庭成员的市民可抱怨的监视，创造了下， 1985年截获的通讯法（现改为权力规范2000年） ，从来没有在十八年他们的存在，坚持投诉"根据statewatch 。
In a further Kafkaesque twist, those receiving a notice under section 49 of RIPA are legally prohibited from telling anyone apart from their lawyer about it.为了进一步卡夫卡扭曲，那些接到通知书根据第49条的权力规范，是法律禁止的，由告诉人，除了他们的律师说。
Since 2004, telecom and Internet service providers have voluntarily provided data when requested; now, they will be required to retain such information for one year.自2004年以来，电信和互联网服务供应商也自愿提供的数据请求时;现在，他们将须保留这些资料为一年。 However, since the provisions only apply to data within the UK, large corporations could easily avoid this by keeping their data and encryption keys offshore.不过，由于该条款只适用于数据，在英国，大企业可以很容易避免这种情况，保持数据和加密密钥境外。
By 2009, the retention of data including Internet sites visited, emails sent and VOIP (Voice over IP or Internet telephony) will be mandatory.到2009年，数据的保存期，包括互联网网站访问，电子邮件发送和VoIP （ IP语音或网路电话） ，将变成强制性的。
This will put into UK law the highly contentious European Commission Directive on mandatory data retention, adopted in 2005, and will replace the current “voluntary” code introduced in the UK in 2003.这将成为英国法律的高度争议的欧洲委员会指令强制性数据保留， 2005年通过的，将取代目前的"自愿"典介绍，在英国于2003年。 This regulation does not just cover terrorism but all crime, however minor.本规例并不只是涵盖恐怖主义，但所有犯罪的，但程度轻微。
Not only in Britain but throughout Europe and internationally, the rights to free speech and personal privacy are being seriously eroded, with governments habitually citing the “fight against terrorism” to justify their mounting curtailment of long-standing democratic norms.不仅在英国，但整个欧洲和国际上的权利，言论自由和个人隐私正受到严重损害，与各国政府习惯于把"打击恐怖主义" ，以证明其日益缩减的长期未决的民主准则。
“Nothing to hide, nothing to fear” is the false mantra repeated by ministers of every political stripe. "没有什么可隐瞒的，没有什么可怕" ，是虚假的口头禅重复部长每个政治条纹。
But the latest extension of state powers in Britain through RIPA means historically determined democratic rights such as the presumption of innocence and against arbitrary state actions are being further abrogated.但最新的扩展国家的权力，在英国通过权力规范手段，在历史上确定的民主权利，如推定无罪，并禁止任意国家行动正在进一步废止。 Such laws, enabling almost routine trawling operations through mountains of personal data by the state, weight the balance of power overwhelming in favour of “state rights” against those of the individual citizen.这样的法律，使几乎例行拖网作业，通过山区的个人资料，由国务院，体重，力量的平衡压倒性赞成的"国权" ，对那些对公民个人。
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