죤 Leyden

인터넷 내용의 검열은 세계의 맞은편에 성장하고 있다. 41개의 국가의 맞은편에 열려있는 순수한 이니셔티브 (ONI)에 의하여 조사는 저 25 적용한 내용을 특정한 웹사이트에 구획 접근에 거르는 찾아냈다.

명부를 막는 내용에 특색지어지는 "파괴적인" 웹사이트 뿐만 아니라 Google 지도 그리고 Skype와 같은 웹 애플리케이션. 5 년 전에 국가의 단지 "한 쌍"는 하버드 법률 학교의 죤 Palfrey, 학문에 참여한 연구원의 한에 따르면 유사한 통제를, 운동하고 있었다.

"또한 거르는 인터넷의 가늠자, 범위 및 세련에 있는 증가가," 그 계속 있다 말하는 BBC.

"몇몇 국가는 인터넷 통제에 관하여 그들의 시민을 알리기에 관하여 열려있다. There’s no place you can get an answer as a citizen from your state about how they are filtering and what is being filtered,” Palfrey said, adding that filtering almost invariable happens “in the shadows”.

The extent of filtering varies between countries, with those in the Middle East among the most restrictive regimes. Burma, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen were among the states applying the heaviest use of the censor’s “blue pencil”. China, India, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand all apply controls, albeit to a lesser extent.

Academics from the Universities of Toronto, Harvard Law School, Oxford, and Cambridge who make up the ONI reckon there are three main rationales for internet censorship: politics and power, state security, and the enforcement of social norms (such as a prohibition of pornography in Muslim states). Censorship nearly always falls across multiple categories. Controls, once applied, are often expanded to cover a broad range of content and used to increase government control of cyberspace.

Use of internet filtering leaves citizens with a restricted view of events unfolding around them, as well as restricting their knowledge of the outside world. The ONI study noted the growing use of techniques and tools used to circumvent filtering.

“It’s hard to quantify how many people are doing this. As we go forward each year we want to see if some of these circumvention technologies become more like appliances and you just plug them in and they work,” said Jonathan Zittrain, professor of internet governance and regulation at Oxford University. ®

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