Esclavitud del conclusión para los peniques
Martes 22 de abril de 2008
Por Katrina vanden Heuvel y Greg Kaufman |
Esclavo-como condiciones en la industria de la agricultura daría una sacudida eléctrica a la mayoría de los americanos. El 15 de abril, en embalado Audiencia del senado en las condiciones de trabajo para los trabajadores del tomate, Senador Bernie Sanders helada detective pedida de Charlie, investigador para la unidad que trafica humana en la oficina del Collier del sheriff del condado, “usted cree que hay suceso que trafica del ser humano en la agricultura de la Florida pues hablamos ahora?”
“Está ocurriendo probablemente ahora mientras que nos sentamos aquí,” helada dicha. “Casi assuredly se está encendiendo ahora.”
“Detective, usted convendría que en estos casos de la esclavitud, hay la gente más arriba encima de la cadena económica que son complicit y que beneficia financieramente de qué se enciende?” Las lijadoras pidieron. “[Y si es así] usted nos cree necesita cambiar la ley para evitar que los cultivadores se blinden de responsabilidad?”
“Se aíslan de qué está ocurriendo, y él beneficia qué se está encendiendo,” de la helada dicha. “Tenemos que hacer algo. Tenemos que sostenerlos responsables. Esto está ocurriendo en su patio trasero, éste está ocurriendo en nuestros campos, éste está ocurriendo en nuestro país.”
No un solo miembro del comité republicano estaba en la mano para oír esto o un de los el otro testimonio que describió esclavitud en los E.E.U.U. en 2008; las condiciones del trabajador que son - como Eric Schlosser las puso - “como algo usted pudieron encontrar en el año 1868, ″ no 2008; o las escapatorias en los leyes de trabajo que permiten que la explotación systemic continúe. El “partido de Lincoln” era simplemente MIA, mientras que sensor. Las lijadoras fueron ensambladas por sus colegas democráticos, senadores Edward Kennedy, Richard Durbin, y marrón de Sherrod.
Maria Bauer, director del proyecto inmigrante de la justicia en el centro meridional de la pobreza de la ley, atestiguó que “para cada caso [de la esclavitud] que oímos alrededor, allí es centenares de otros casos con clases similares de relaciones de la energía… menos dramáticas pero aún de circunstancias increíblemente opresivas que en efecto ascienden al trabajo forzado que son extremadamente comunes, y de hecho cerca de la norma en muchas industrias…. No creo que la gente americana sería cómoda si ella sabía se está produciendo su alimento. No desearían comer el alimento que había sido producido de esta manera.”
¡La audiencia reveló que aun cuando las corporaciones de billones de dólares tienen gusto de McDonald's y de Yum! Brands (whose subsidiaries include Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, KFC, Long John Silver’s and A&W) attempt to do the right thing — and pay the workers more — powerful agribusiness interests have stood in the way. These corporations agreed to supplement the workers at a rate of an additional penny per pound for the tomatoes they purchase. Doesn’t sound like much — and it isn’t for the corporations — but it would result in about a 75 percent salary increase for workers who a 2001 US Department of Labor report described as “a labor force in significant economic distress… [with] low wages, sub-poverty annual earnings, [and] significant periods of un- and underemployment.”
As some growers began to implement the Yum/McDonald’s agreement — an extra paycheck cut to the farmworkers by the buyers, not the growers, mind you — the Florida Tomato Growers Exchange (FTGE), representing 90 percent of the state’s growers, said any members who adopted this policy would be fined $100,000 per worker benefiting from the agreement.
Reginald Brown, Executive Vice President of the FTGE, was at the hearing trying, desperately, to justify opposition to the agreement as stemming from legal concerns.
Sen. Sanders entered into the record a letter from 26 legal professors specializing in labor law, including antitrust dimensions of labor standards, writing that “the ostensible legal concerns of the Growers Exchange are utterly without merit.” (In fact, the experts concluded, the only real antitrust issue might be several growers agreeing amongst themselves to reject the deal.) He noted that McDonald’s and Yum! Brands also entered letters into the record stating that there are no legal problems with the extra penny deal and that they want it implemented.
“I gather that McDonald’s and Yum have some money to hire some pretty good attorneys,” Sen. Sanders told Brown. “You might want to reconsider the attorneys you are using and rethink this issue.”
Then Brown argued that it wasn’t just the legal argument, but also that buyers would look to Mexico for cheaper tomatoes (even though it’s the buyers who are offering to pay the extra penny). Brown said that the “tomato industry will go away, and Florida’s economy will suffer.”
It was as if Brown were acting out the very analogy that Lucas Benitez — a former tomato worker, co-founder of the Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW), and recipient of the 2003 RFK Human Rights Award — drew in his testimony between the opposition farmworkers rights advocates face today and that which confronted abolitionists 200 years ago. (These early 19th century abolitionists were the predecessors to those who later founded The Nation in 1865.)
“Exactly 200 years ago, near this very spot, men in your position voted to outlaw the importation of slaves into the United States,” Benitez testified through a translator. “That little known act did not end slavery, but it was an important step toward the eventual abolition of a brutal institution. At the time, passing that piece of legislation was complex, controversial and courageous. Those who supported the status quo argued that most slaves were happy with their lot, that they were certainly better off than where they came from, and that the economic collapse of US agriculture would surely follow.”
Indeed, it’s not too much of a stretch to view Brown and his cohorts as 21st century George Wallaces or Bull Connors, standing in the way of the progress of human rights in our own nation. Brown boasted of the workers who continue to return to the fields; of the “entry level job” tomato picking represents on the way towards achieving the American dream; of the “shock” that FTGE felt in response to the slavery cases — cases Schlosser pointed out were never uncovered by the growers who work with the labor contractors, but by CIW - in the relatively small town of Immokalee; and, time and again, Brown pointed to Socially Accountable Farm Employers (SAFE) — “an independent third party” that is auditing growers to make sure workers are treated with respect and paid fair wages. But Sanders revealed that two of the five members of the SAFE Board of Directors are Brown himself and Mike Stuart, President of the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association (FFVA). FFVA lists helping growers meet their labor needs while keeping costs down as one of its key responsibilities. Further, neither Brown nor Stuart reveal their positions in the industry on the SAFE website.
It’s in this environment that a worker picks an average of two tons of tomatoes a day for about $50, or $10,000 - $12,500 annually (a Department of Labor figure inflated by including supervisory personnel); where much if not all of their salaries go towards paying for trailers where 8 - 10 workers live together; where complaints are met with threats, beatings or worse. And when these workers — whether US citizens or immigrants, and witnesses testified that these issues apply to both — are enslaved, or forced into debt-servitude, or beaten, or sexually harassed, or not paid, or having their families back home threatened, their access to help is far more limited than that of other workers. Bauer noted that they have no right to organize; no overtime pay; no federal minimum wage law on smaller farms or in short harvest seasons; exemptions to child labor laws; and state health and safety laws that exclude farmworkers. She said this isn’t a Florida-only problem, it’s the widespread result of “agriculture exceptionalism.” Schlosser said that as recently as the 1950’s Florida police would prosecute African-Americans under vagrancy laws and send them to the fields to work off the fines.
Both Senators Kennedy and Sanders said this is just the beginning of investigating these injustices. In his concluding statement, Sen. Sanders said a GAO audit of wage and hour records of the growers is needed; agriculture workers need to be covered under both the Fair Labor Standards Act and the National Labor Relations Act; changes need to be made to the federal trafficking statutes to address growers and others who are avoiding prosecution by remaining willfully blind to the abuses around them; anti-trust implications of the FTGE activities need to be examined; and “we need to make sure that slavery, servitude and other abuses in the Florida tomato industry continue to receive the attention both in and outside Congress that they deserve so that it is stopped once and for all.”
As for Benitez, he’s been a part of this struggle for decades. He recalled during a 1997 worker hunger strike a grower saying that they would never meet the workers’ single demand for dialogue. “‘Let me put it to you like this,’” the grower said. “‘The tractor doesn’t tell the farmer how to run a farm.’” Benitez continued, “That’s how they’ve always seen us, just another tool and nothing more. But we aren’t alone anymore. Today there are millions of consumers with us willing to use their buying power to eliminate the exploitation behind the food they buy. And a new dawn for social responsibility in the agriculture industry is on its way. With the help of Congress and with the faith that the complicated will be made clear under the purifying light of human rights, today, just as it was 200 years ago, we will witness the dawn of that new day.”
See More:World NewsHave Your Say: Ending Slavery for Pennies
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This entry was posted on Tuesday, April 22nd, 2008at 2:21 amand is filed under Surveillance, Civil Liberties & Human Rights News, General. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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Might I add that bio fuels are starving the people of this planet. There are other fuel sources beyond “oils” (plant or crude-based). No amount of arable land should be take out of food production. The world’s children should not be left to starve and parents should not have to worry about being able to afford measley amounts of dahl and rice or beans to try to keep their families alive.
Please halt bio-fuels. Feed the starving.
Protect the planet other ways. Be human.