Birth of the biometric age的诞生，生物年龄
What was science fiction five years ago is now science fact 什么是科幻小说，五年前是现在的科学事实
DON BUTLER唐巴特勒
CanWest News Service 雷格斯外滩中心新闻服务
The 2002 film Minority Report depicts a society that keeps tabs on its citizens by scanning their irises when they exit subway cars or enter buildings. 2002年电影少数民族的报告描绘了一个社会的不断的标签，就其公民通过扫描他们的虹膜当他们离开地铁车或进入建筑物。 The same technology verifies the identity of those authorized to enter restricted areas.同样的技术验证者的身份授权进入禁区。
At the time the Steven Spielberg film was released, the biometric world it depicted seemed far off.在当时的大导演史蒂芬史匹柏的电影被释放，生物世界，它描述似乎已为期不远了。 But systems that rely on biometric samples of fingerprints or iris and facial scans to establish identity have become so ubiquitous some suggest we’re witnessing the birth of the biometric state.但系统依赖于生物识别的样本，指纹或虹膜和面部扫描，以确定身份，已成为无处不在，所以有些人建议我们正在目睹的诞生，生物状态。
Around the world, biometric identifiers are used at airports and border crossings in machine-readable documents such as passports and driver’s licences.世界各地的生物特征识别是用在机场和边界过境点在电脑可读的文件，如护照和驾驶执照。 Police and security services rely on digitized databanks of fingerprints in watch lists and companies access them for background checks on prospective employees.警察和保安服务依赖于数字化数据库的指纹在观赏名单和公司进入他们的背景检查，对未来的员工。
Increasingly, people are required to present a biometric to enter buildings, access a laptop or database, check out a library book or claim a meal.越来越多的人，须出示生物进入建筑物，获得一台笔记本电脑或资料库，检查了图书或索赔一餐。
Whether all this is good or bad is the subject of intense debate.是否所有，这是好的或坏的是主题了激烈的辩论。
Those most fearful of biometric technologies warn they are accelerating the trend toward a surveillance society that gained momentum after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.那些最可怕的生物技术的警告，他们正在加快走向监视社会的势头之后， 9 / 11恐怖袭击。
Advocates respond that biometrics will enhance security, help governments deliver improved services more efficiently and make it easier for citizens to navigate the online world of e-commerce and e-government.主张回应说，生物识别将加强保安，帮助各国政府提供更好的服务更有效率和更容易为公民浏览网上世界电子商贸和电子政府。
Some, such as Ann Cavoukian, Ontario’s information and privacy commissioner, argue emerging biometric encryption technology offers the best of both worlds.一些，如人工神经网络cavoukian ，安大略省的信息和资料私隐专员，辩称新兴的生物特征的加密技术，提供了最好的两个世界。
“There are very reasonable ways to protect privacy and security at the same time,” she says. “有非常合理的方法来保护隐私和安全在同一时间内， ”她说。
What’s clear is the biometric genie is fully out of the bottle.有什么明确的是，生物精灵是完全出于对瓶。 Decisions being taken now by governments in Canada and around the world will determine whether biometrics usher in the Big Brother societies that civil libertarians fear or broker a new age of enhanced security and privacy.决定采取现在各国政府在加拿大和世界各地将决定是否迎接生物识别技术，在大哥哥的社会，公民自由的恐惧或经纪一个新时代的增强的安全性和隐私。
The United States, spurred on by the 9/11 attacks, is a leading user of biometric systems.美国，带动对由9 / 11的攻击，是一家领先的生物识别用户的系统。 The FBI’s Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), an automated 10-fingerprint matching system that became operational in 1999, is the world’s largest biometric database, with more than 47-million subjects on file.美国联邦调查局的综合自动指纹识别系统（ iafis ） ，自动化10 -指纹匹配系统，成为业务在1999年，是世界上最大的生物识别数据库，与以上47万元科目的文件。
Finger scans 手指扫描
Last August, the US began issuing passports containing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chips encoded with biometric and biographical information.去年8月，美国开始签发护照载有无线电频率识别（ RFID ）芯片的编码与生物特征及履历资料。 As well the US-VISIT program, launched in 2004, uses digital finger scans and photographs to screen selected foreign nationals against watch lists.以及美访问的计划，在2004年推出的，使用数字指纹扫描和照片屏幕上选定的外国国民对监视名单。
While Canada remains one of the few industrialized nations not actively considering a national ID card, governments here have not hesitated to incorporate biometrics in a range of uses.虽然加拿大仍然是其中的几个工业化国家并没有积极考虑一个国家的身份证，各国政府在这里毫不迟疑地把生物识别技术在各种用途。 To underline their growing centrality to government, a 70-member “biometrics working group” drawn from 22 federal departments and agencies has met regularly since May of 2006 to assess and co-ordinate initiatives.要强调其日益增长的中心地位，以政府，一个70人组成的“生物特征识别工作组”制定的由22个联邦部门和机构已定期举行会议， 5月以来， 2006年，以评估，并且统筹的倡议。
The biometric initiative with the greatest potential impact on Canadians involves passports.生物主动与最大的潜在影响加拿大人涉及护照。 It’s being driven by the US Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative and shaped by passport standards developed by the Montreal-based International Civil Aviation Organization.它的驱使美国西半球旅行的倡议和形成的护照制定的标准是由总部设在蒙特利尔的国际民用航空组织。 Under the new American policy, Canadians will soon need passports or other secure travel documents to enter the United States.根据美国的新政策，加拿大人不久将需要护照或其他安全的旅行证件进入美国。
For its part, the organization has selected facial features as the primary and universal form of biometric identification in RFID-equipped passports, meaning e-passports containing biometrics will almost certainly become the only acceptable document for international travel.它的一部分，该组织已选定的面部特征作为主要的和普遍形式的生物识别的RFID装备精良的护照，这意味着电子护照含生物识别技术几乎肯定会成为唯一可以接受的文件，为国际旅行社。
More recently, governments have shifted to other rationales for biometrics, including international obligations, more efficient access to government services, controlling voter fraud, better immigration and border control, and even enhanced citizen control and autonomy.最近，政府已转移到其他的理由生物识别技术，包括国际义务，更有效地获取政府服务，控制选民欺诈行为，更好地移民和边界管制，甚至强化公民的控制和自主性。
Civil libertarians, privacy advocates and other critics remain unconvinced its putative benefits outweigh its costs.公民自由，隐私倡导者和其他批评者仍然不其假定的好处大于它的成本。
Their greatest fear is biometrics could be used to undermine or even obliterate privacy.他们最大的恐惧是生物识别技术可以被用来破坏，甚至抹杀的隐私。
Without adequate safeguards, Cavoukian says, biometric systems “would enable data linkage in multiple separate databases that all contain the same key, which would be the biometric.如果没有足够的保障， cavoukian说，生物识别系统“将使数据的联系，在多个单独的数据库，所有含有相同的关键，这将是生物特征。 You would be able to engage in endless secondary uses of the information.”你将能够进行无休止的二次利用的信息“ 。
This would allow governments or corporations to develop extensive profiles of every citizen in the databases.这将使各国政府或公司的发展广泛的概况每一位公民的数据库。
“That’s the fundamental fear from a privacy perspective,” says Cavoukian, “the possibility of rampant tracking of one’s activities. “这就是根本的恐惧从隐私权的角度来看，说： ” cavoukian “的可能性日益猖獗的跟踪一的活动。 Ultimately, it will leave no door unopened.”最终，它将不留大门开启的“ 。
See More: 看到更多的： Big Brother 大哥哥Have Your Say: Birth of the biometric age 你说：出生的生物年龄
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This entry was posted on Sunday, June 17th, 2007 at 4:30 pm and is filed under 此项目被张贴在周日， 2007年6月17日下午4时30分，并提交下 Surveillance, Civil Liberties & Human Rights News 监视，公民自由及人权新闻 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反应，此项目通过 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 喂养。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回应 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 从你自己的网站。
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