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Is Creatief Internet enkel over Doden?

Maandag, 19 Mei, 2008

internet.jpgDoor Annalee Newitz | Enkele weken geleden ging ik naar de jaarlijkse Maker Faire in San Mateo, een gebeurtenis waar de mensen van overal ter wereld zich voor een reuzetechnologie DIY show-en-vertellen extravagantie verzamelen. Er zijn robots, kinetische beeldhouwwerken, raketten, slagschipwedstrijden met afstandsbediening, toont het muziek-gecontroleerde licht, de uitrustingen van de huiselektronika, onverstandige wetenschapsexperimenten (als de mentos-Dieet explosies van de Cokes), en zelfs een schuurhoogtepunt van mensen die hun eigen kleding, hoofdkussens, zakken, en meer maken. Fundamenteel, is het een weekendviering van hoe de menselijke vrijheid die met technologie wordt gecombineerd tot het tevredenstellen maar cacophonous symfonie van coolness leidt.

En toch vindt de Maker Faire tegen een achtergrond van stijgende beperkingen op onze vrijheid plaats met technologie te vernieuwen, zoals de Universitaire onderzoeker Jonathan Zittrain van Oxford in zijn recentste boek wijst op, De toekomst van Internet en hoe te om het tegen te houden (Universitaire Pers Yale). Na het doorbrengen van verscheidene jaren die de sociale en politieke regels onderzoeken die Internet - en aan de spits staand van het Netto censuur het volgen Initiatief van projectOpenNet - Zittrain reglementeren kijkt terug op de ontwikkeling van het Net en voorspelt een dystopian toekomst. Wat koelend is is dat zijn dystopia reeds komt over te gaan.

Zittrain vindt de geschiedenis van het Net door drie fasen. Aanvankelijk werd het samengesteld uit wat hij „steriele“ technologieën roept: enorme centrale verwerkingseenheden die door IBM worden bezeten, de bedrijven tijd konden huren waarop. Wat die technologieën steriel maakte is dat niemand met hen (behalve IBM) kon experimenteren, en daarom stagneerde de innovatie met betrekking tot hen.

Dat is waarom de uitvinding van DesktopPC en de popularisering van Internet een era van een ongekende high-tech innovatie inluidden. Zittrain roept deze open technologieën „generatief.“ Om het even wie kan andere technologieën bouwen die met hen werken. Zo, bijvoorbeeld, bouwden de mensen Skype en het World Wide Web, beide softwaretechnologieën die bovenop de basisinfrastructuur van de netwerksoftware van Internet zitten. Op dezelfde manier kan om het even wie een programma bouwen dat op Vensters loopt.

Maar Zittrain denkt wij het eind van de freewheelende era van Internet en van PC zien. Hij roept de technologieën van vandaag „gebonden“ technologieën. De gebonden technologieën zijn punten zoals iPhones of vele merken van DVR - zij zijn steriel aan hun eigenaars, die geen software mogen bouwen die op hen loopt. But they’re generative to the companies that make them, in the sense that Comcast can update your DVR remotely, or Apple can brick your iPhone remotely if you try to do something naughty to it (like run your own software program on it).

In some ways, tethered technologies are worse than plain old sterile technologies. They allow for abuses undreamed of in the IBM mainframe era. For example, iPhone tethering could lead to law enforcement going to Apple and saying, “Please activate the microphone on this iPhone that we know is being carried by a suspect.” The device turns into an instant bug, without all the fuss of following the suspect around or installing surveillance crap in her apartment. This isn’t idle speculation, by the way. OnStar, the manufacturer of a car emergency system, was asked by law enforcement to activate the mics in certain cars using its system. It refused and went to court.

Zittrain’s solution to the tethering problem is to encourage the existence of communities like the ones who participate in Maker Faire or who edit Wikipedia. These are people who work together to create open, untethered technologies and information repositories. They are the force that pushes back against companies that want to sterilize the Internet and turn it back into something that spits information at you, television-style. I think this is a good start, but there are a lot of problems with depending on communities of DIY enthusiasts to fix a system created by corporate juggernauts. As I mentioned in my column (”User-Generated Censorship,” 4/30/08), you can’t always depend on communities of users to do the right thing. In addition, companies can create an incredibly oppressive tethering regime while still allowing users to think they have control. Tune in next week, and I’ll tell you how Zittrain’s solution might lead to an even more dystopian future.

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One Response to “Is the Creative Internet Just About Dead?”

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    Posted: May 19th, 2008 at 6:08 pm | Link to this

    Is the Creative Internet Just About Dead? « The Essence Of Hip Hop

    […] in Maker Faire or who edit Wikipedia. These are people who work together to create open, untethered technologies and information repositories. They are the force that pushes back against companies that want to […]

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This entry was posted on Monday, May 19th, 2008 at 5:29 pm and is filed under Science & Technology News, General . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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