Αυτό που είναι στη βρύση και τι πρέπει να ξέρετε για το πόσιμο νερό
Από το Leigh Erin Connealy, M.D. | Εθνικό αμυντικό Συμβούλιο των πόρων (NRDC), μια οργάνωση περιβαλλοντικής δράσης, πραγματοποίησε πρόσφατα μια σε βάθος μελέτη στην ποιότητα του πόσιμου νερού στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες. Αναθεώρηση των στοιχείων ποιότητας νερού βρυσών για 19 σημαντικές ΗΠΑ. πόλεις, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του Λος Άντζελες, σύνταξαν τα συμπεράσματά τους και τα κατέστησαν διαθέσιμα στο κοινό τον Ιούνιο του 2003. 11 μολυσματικοί παράγοντες ονομάστηκαν για να είναι «υψηλής ανησυχίας» ή «κάποιας ανησυχίας» για την παροχή νερού της περιοχής Λα. Από ένα μεγάλο μέρος του Λος Άντζελες και του πορτοκαλιού νομού πόσιμο νερό προέρχεται από τις ίδιες δύο πηγές, ο ποταμός του Κολοράντο και βόρεια Καλιφόρνια, αυτές οι πληροφορίες πρέπει να είναι σημείωσης σε εκείνοι που ζουν στην πορτοκαλιά περιοχή νομών.
Πέντε μολυσματικοί παράγοντες ενέπεσαν στην κατηγορία «υψηλής ανησυχίας», συμπεριλαμβανομένου του μολύβδου, Perchlorate, του ραδονίου, των οξέων Haloacetic (HAAs) και συνολικού Trihalomethanes (TTHMs).
Μόλυβδος
Ο μόλυβδος είναι ένα βαρύ μέταλλο που εισάγει γενικά τις προμήθειες κατανάλωσης λόγω της διάβρωσης των σωλήνων, των υδραυλικών ή των στροφίγγων. Συχνά, τα επίπεδα μολύβδου ύδωρ at your home are much higher than the levels from the water’s source. Αυτό είναι συνήθως το αποτέλεσμα της μόλυνσης που μπορεί στο σπίτι σας, λόγω των παλαιών ή διαβρωμένων σωλήνων. Τα εθνικά πρότυπα (NS) για το μόλυβδο, όπως καθορίζεται κοντά το EPA, είναι ppb 15.
Επιπτώσεις στην υγεία: Νήπια, μικρά παιδιά και έγκυες γυναίκες είναι ιδιαίτερα ευαίσθητος στα δυσμενή αποτελέσματα του μολύβδου. Σε σοβαρές περιπτώσεις, η δηλητηρίαση μπορεί να προκαλέσει τη μόνιμη ζημία εγκεφάλου και, σε λιγότερο βαριές περιπτώσεις, μπορεί να αναγκάσει τα παιδιά για να υποφέρει από τη μειωμένα νοημοσύνη και τα προβλήματα με την αύξηση, την εξέλιξη και τη συμπεριφορά. Στους ενηλίκους, ο μόλυβδος μπορεί να αυξήσει την πίεση αίματος, λειτουργία νεφρών ζημιάς, να έχει επιπτώσεις στο νευρικό σύστημα και να βλάψει τα κόκκινα κύτταρα αίματος.
Perchlorate
Perchlorate στο ύδωρ προέρχεται συνήθως από τις εκχύσεις καυσίμων πυραύλων ή διαρρέει στις στρατιωτικές εγκαταστάσεις. Επιπλέον, perchlorate χρησιμοποιείται σε ποικίλες προϊόντα και εφαρμογές, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των ηλεκτρονικών σωλήνων, των αερόσακων οχημάτων, του μαυρίσματος δέρματος και των πυροτεχνημάτων. Το NS είναι ppb 4, εντούτοις κανένα επίπεδο δεν έχει καθοριστεί να είναι ασφαλές.
Επιπτώσεις στην υγεία: Perchlorate αναστατώνει θυροειδής λειτουργήστε και είναι πιθανή καρκινογόνος ουσία. Οι αλλαγές στα επίπεδα ορμονών θυροειδή μπορούν να οδηγήσουν στους όγκους θυροειδών αδένων. In children, thyroid disruption can adversely affect proper development and in adults it can interfere with metabolism regulation. Disruption of the thyroid in pregnant women may impact the fetus and result in delayed development and decreased learning ability.
Radon
Radon is a radioactive gas that results from the natural breakdown of uranium in the ground. The NS is an average of 300 pCi/L.
Health Effects: Radon is known to cause lung cancer. No level is considered to be safe and a single particle of radon can cause cancer. The EPA estimates that radon in drinking water causes approximately 168 deaths from lung and stomach cancer each year (89% from lung cancer caused by breathing radon released to the indoor air from water, 11% from stomach cancer caused by consuming water that contains radon). Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S., after smoking.
Haloacetic Acids (HAAs)/Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
HAAs and TTHMs are volatile organic contaminates often referred to as disinfection by-products or organochlorines and result when chlorine used to disinfect drinking water interacts with organic matter in the water. The EPA has classified some TTHMs as probable human carcinogens. The NS for HAAs is an average of 60 ppb and for TTHMs, an average of 80 ppb.
Health Effects: Disinfection by-products have been linked to cancers of the bladder, pancreas, colon, rectum, brain, and childhood leukemia.
The following six contaminants fall under the category of “some concern”:
Cryptosporidium
Cryptosporidium is a waterborne parasite that lives and reproduces by the millions in both animal and human intestines until it is shed in the feces. The NS is 0.
Health Effects: Cryptosporidium can cause severe diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramping and fever for up to 2 weeks. Currently there is no antibiotic that can kill the parasite. It poses a significant health risk to children and those with weakened immune systems.
Total Coliform Bacteria (TCM)
TCM is a broad class of bacteria, many of which live in the intestines of humans and animals. Most coliform bacteria are harmless, however their presence indicates that the water may contain harmful bacteria such as E. coli. The NS for TCM is 0.
Arsenic
Arsenic found in drinking supplies comes from mining, industrial processes, past use of arsenic containing pesticides, and natural leaching erosion from rock. Currently the NS for arsenic is 50 ppb but will be lowered to 10 ppb in 2006.
Health Effects: Arsenic is toxic to humans and a known carcinogen. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has determined that arsenic in drinking water is known to cause cancer of the bladder, skin and lungs. An NAS report published in 2001 stated that a person who drinks 2 liters of water a day (containing 10 ppb arsenic) has a lifetime total fatal cancer risk greater than 1 in 333.
Chromium
Chromium is a naturally occurring metal used in industrial processes, including metal plating for chrome bumpers and making stainless steel, paint, rubber and wood preservatives. The NS for chromium is 100 ppb.
Health Effects: Chromium ingestion can cause a host of health problems, ranging form skin irritation to damage to kidney, liver and nerve tissue.
Gross Alpha Radiation (GAR)/Gross Beta Radiation (GBR)
GAR and GBR generally result from the decay of radioactive minerals in underground rocks and are sometimes by-products of the mining and nuclear industries. The NS for GAR is an average of 15 pCi/L and for GBR, an average of 50 pCi/L.
Health Effects: No level of exposure to GAR or GBR is considered safe as they are both radioactive and can cause cancer.
Uranium
Uranium is released from minerals in the ground, often as the result of mining or as a by-product of the nuclear industry. The NS for uranium is 30 micrograms/L.
Health Effects: Uranium is radioactive and known to cause cancer when ingested. The EPA has determined that it causes serious kidney damage at levels above 300 mcg/L.
While Orange County has strict regulations on the quality of drinking water, you should still be aware of what is coming out of your tap. The EPA established national standards are determined to be the highest level of contaminants allowed in the water. The NRDC however, maintains that no level of any of these contaminants is safe.
So what can you do? First, contact the EPA for a list of state-certified labs that can test the water at your home. Finding out what is in your tap water can help you to determine what kind of filtration system is right for you. Your water standards should be higher than the EPA’s to ensure the safety of your family.
When choosing a water filtration system, I recommend a unit that also regulates the pH level of your water like Jupiter Melody by Ion Life available through perfectlyhealthy at (www.perfectlyhealthy.net) . Proper pH levels can further protect you from any contaminants that you might come in contact with and also ward off disease and infection. You want to drink water that reaches a pH level of approximately 9.0 while trying to maintain a blood pH level of 7.43.
For a list of state-certified labs, call the EPA’s hotline at 800-426-4791 or go online at (www.epa.gov/safewater/privatewells/labs.html) . To review the entire report by the NRDC, visit their website at (www.nrdc.org) . I recommend the Jupiter Melody Ionizer available through perfectlyhealthy, it excludes contaminants from your drinking water as well as providing a pH level of approximately 9.0. Visit (www.perfectlyhealthy.net) for more information.
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This entry was posted on Thursday, August 14th, 2008 at 10:38 pm and is filed under Contributions & Guests . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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