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 | Translate: 翻译：               Policing “target communities”治安“目标的社区” Monday, November 3rd, 2008 星期一， 2008年十一月3日 By通过 Paul Donovan保罗多诺万 | The decision of the Court of Appeal that the state can place people under control orders (house arrest) without ever telling them what they are accused of has huge implications for civil rights. |的决定，上诉法院，国家可以将人控制命令（软禁）无以往任何时候都告诉他们什么，他们被指控有巨大影响的公民权利。 A control order works by tagging the individual around the ankle and restricting him or her to a house or flat for a set number of hours each day.为了控制标记的作品个人左右脚踝，并限制他或她一所房子或持平一套的时数，每一天。 When the individual leaves the premises, they have a set area in which they are able to move.当个别叶片的处所，他们有一套在这方面他们能够动议。 The individual has to ring the tagging company a number of times each day from a dedicated phone and may also be required to report to a police station.个人响公司的标签了很多次，每天从一个专用电话，并可能还需要向一个警察局。 The case of Ceri Bullivant underlines the dangers.的情况下Ceri布里强调了危险。 A Muslim from Essex, Bullivant was put on trial before last Christmas for breaking the terms of a control order.一个穆斯林由Essex ，布里是审判之前，去年圣诞节打断条件的控制命令。 His solicitor, Gareth Peirce, argued successfully for his acquittal and says he was cleared after it emerged that the basis for the control order was a tip-off from “a friend of Ceri’s mother who, after drinking heavily, had phoned Scotland Yard, which failed to ever contact the caller to ask for further information”.他的律师，加雷思皮尔斯，成功地辩称，他无罪，并说，他是清理后出现的基础，是为了控制线报，由“一个朋友Ceri的母亲谁，大量饮酒后，曾打电话给苏格兰场，这没有任何联系，打电话，要求进一步资料。 “ The way in which anti-terror laws can be used for purposes other that those for which they were purportedly enacted are becoming legend.以何种方式反恐法可用于其他目的，这些对他们颁布据称正在成为传奇人物。 For instance, anti-terror powers were deployed against pensioner Walter Wolfgang for his protest at the 2005 Labour Party conference.举例来说，反恐权力，部署了对领取养老金沃尔特沃尔夫冈抗议，他在2005年的工党年会上。 He was forcibly ejected from the conference centre after observing that Jack Straw was talking “nonsense”.他被强行赶出会议中心后指出，斯特劳谈论“无稽之谈” 。 The ensuing publicity helped Wolfgang to get elected to Labour’s National Executive Committee.随后的宣传帮助沃尔夫冈获得当选为工党全国执行委员会。 Others to have fallen foul of the contentious legislation include arms protesters arrested outside London’s ExCeL exhibition centre.其他下降犯规有争议的立法，包括武器被捕示威者在伦敦郊外的Excel展览中心。 Most recently, it was used as the reason for freezing of the funds of Icelandic banks as they collapsed into bankruptcy.最近，它被用来作为理由冻结资金冰岛银行作为他们崩溃破产。 All this is aside of the 1,343 times that 46 councils have used anti-terror laws under the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act for offences such as rogue trading, benefit fraud and anti-social behaviour.所有这一切都拨出的1343倍， 46个理事会用于反恐法律根据调查权力规范法的罪行，如流氓交易，受益欺诈和反社会行为。 To find the root of this diminution of human rights, it is necessary to go back to the Birmingham pub bombings of 1974.要找到根源，这削弱人权，有必要回到伯明翰的酒吧爆炸1974年。 The biggest mass murder in British history at the time claimed 21 lives and led to the passing into law of the first Prevention of Terrorism Act.最大的大屠杀英国历史上时间21日声称生命，并导致通过成为法律，第一防止恐怖主义法。 Then Home Secretary Roy Jenkins introduced the PTA on November 25 1974 declaring that “the powers… are draconian.然后内政大臣詹金斯罗伊介绍了PTA装置于1974年11月25日宣布“权力...是严厉的。 In combination, they are unprecedented in peacetime.” The Bill bringing in seven-day pre-charge detention passed in record time, clearing both Houses of Parliament by November 29.结合，他们在和平时期前所未有的。 “条例草案将在为期7天的预充电拘留通过了创纪录的时间，结算议会两院的11月29日。 The PTA was rewritten in 1976, 1984 and again in 1989.在PTA装置是重写于1976年， 1984年又在1989年。 However, it continued to be used as emergency “temporary” powers that had to be renewed each year.但是，它仍然是用作紧急情况“临时”的权力，必须每年更新。 The first person arrested under the Act was Paul Hill, who was one of the innocent men subsequently convicted of the Guildford pub bombings.第一个被逮捕的人根据该法是保罗山，谁是无辜的男子其后被定罪的吉尔福德酒吧爆炸案。 He served 15 years in prison before being freed by the Court of Appeal.他曾担任15年的监禁被释放之前，由上诉法院提出上诉。 A succession of miscarriages of justice followed over the next two decades, with the whole Irish Roman Catholic community becoming regarded as generally suspect.继承流产的司法其次要在今后20年内，整个罗马天主教的爱尔兰成为社会普遍认为是嫌疑人。 It is mistake to think that the PTA was brought in solely to combat Irish terrorism.这是错误的认为， PTA装置中被完全打击爱尔兰恐怖主义。 The real agenda has been the gradual erosion of human rights in the name of security.真正的议程已逐渐侵蚀人权的名义的安全性。 This could be clearly seen at the start of the new millennium when the Government brought forward the Terrorism Act 2000 – at a time of peace in Northern Ireland and before the events of September 11.这可以清楚地看到在新的千年开始时，政府提出了2000年恐怖主义法令-在和平时期在北爱尔兰之前， 9月1 1日事件。 The Terrorism Act doubled the period of time allowed for pre-charge detention from seven days to 14.恐怖主义法案增加了一倍的时间内使预充电拘留7天至14日。 It also broadened out the definition of terrorism beyond Irish groups.它也扩大了恐怖主义的定义超越爱尔兰群体。 Terrorism was also to include “the threat” of “serious damage to property” in ways “designed to influence government” for a “political cause” anywhere in the world.恐怖主义是还包括“威胁”的“严重的财产损失”的方式“旨在影响政府”的“政治原因”在世界任何地方。 Notably, there was no pretence of the legislation being temporary and so in need of renewal each year.值得注意的是，没有任何借口的临时立法，因此需要每年更新。 The next step was the British Government’s response to the attacks on New York and Washington on September 11.下一步是英国政府的反应，攻击纽约和华盛顿9月11日。 This included the reintroduction of internment with the Anti-Terror Crime and Security Act.这包括重新拘留与反恐怖犯罪和安全法。 This allowed for foreign nationals who cannot be deported or removed for fear of torture abroad to be detained indefinitely without trial on the basis of secret intelligence that neither they nor their lawyers could view.这使外国侨民谁可以不被驱逐或删除恐惧的酷刑国外被拘留不经审判无限期的基础上，秘密情报，无论他们或其律师可以查看。 After September 11, 12 men were taken almost immediately into custody in Belmarsh prison. 9月11日之后， 12人被带到几乎立即被羁押在贝尔马什监狱。 They were then detained for three years until the House of Lords ruling the ATCSA unlawful under the Human Rights Act.然后被关押了三年，直到英国上议院的裁决违法的ATCSA根据人权法。 This led to the next Prevention of Terrorism Act in March 2005 which introduced the concept of control orders.这导致明年防止恐怖主义法2005年3月引进的概念，控制命令。 Those who had been held in Belmarsh were put under control orders.这些谁一直被关押在贝尔马什受到控制命令。 They still were not told of what they were accused.他们仍然没有被告知是他们被指控。 Bruce Kent, who has visited several men put under control orders since 2005, describes the system as “callously cruel”.布鲁斯肯特，谁访问了数名男子受到控制命令自2005年以来，描述了系统的“残酷无情” 。 The veteran peace campaigner recalls a man under the conditions of his control order in north London not being allowed to visit Finsbury Park, which was 100 yards away from where he was living.老和平运动回顾一个人的条件下，为了控制在伦敦北部没有被允许访问芬斯伯里公园，这是100码以外的地方，他的生活。 However, he was permitted to go Clissold Park, which was three quarters of a mile away.然而，他被允许去克利索尔德公园，这是四分之三的一英里以外。 Says Kent: “At the same time, in the two hours that he was allowed out at lunchtime, he had to report to a police station in the opposite direction,”肯特说： “与此同时，在两小时内，他被允许在午饭时间，他向一个警察局向相反的方向， ” He describes another case in which “a man under a control order was checking into the police station every day as required.他介绍了另一起案件中， “一个人控制下的命令检查纳入派出所每天需要。 On one occasion, he was just grabbed by the police and sent to Long Lartin prison.”有一次，他只是抓住了警察和发送到元朗Lartin监狱。 “ In other cases, suspects were allowed to go to the mosque, but parts of the bus route they wanted to take were ruled outside the area of movement.在其他案件中，犯罪嫌疑人获准前往清真寺，但部分巴士路线，他们希望采取被排除以外地区的行动。 This meant it was impossible to get there in time for prayers.这意味着不可能在那里祈祷的时间。 At the time that control orders were first imposed, there was also an attempt under the PTA 2005 to increase the pre-charge detention period from 14 days to 90.在时间的控制命令开始实施，也有人试图根据2005年的PTA装置 ，增加预充电拘留期限从14天到90人。 However, in one of those rare victories for civil liberties, this was rejected in favour of 28 days.然而，在这些难得的胜利公民自由，这是拒绝赞成28天。 This still constituted a doubling of the previous limit and a quadrupling of Roy Jenkins’ previous “draconian” measure.这仍然构成了一倍，以前的限制和翻两番的罗伊詹金斯以前的“严厉”的措施。 More recently, Gordon Brown Government’s attempted to demonstrate its anti-terror credentials with an introducing 42 days’ detention with charge.最近，英国财政大臣布朗政府试图证明其反恐证书的介绍42天拘留的费用。 This was overwhelmingly defeated in the House of Lords, but it is unlikely that the House of Commons will let the issue lie indefinitely.这是压倒多数击败英国上议院，但它是不可能的下议院将让位于这一问题无限期地。 Bruce Kent’s view is: “The problem is that, with control orders, we have had indefinite detention for years.布鲁斯肯特的观点是： “问题是，与对照组的订单，我们不得不无限期拘留了多年。 There is a tendency among some campaigners to focus on headline-grabbing issues like 42-day pre-charge detention, while ignoring the iniquity of control orders.有一种倾向在一些人士把重点放在人注目的头条问题，如42天预充电拘留，而忽略了不公正的控制命令。 It’sa bit like ignoring the elephant in the room.”这有点像大象忽视的房间。 “ The project that began back in November 1974 has come a long way and it is still a work in progress.该项目始于1974年11月走过了漫长的道路，它仍然是一个进展中的工作。 First, it was the Irish who were the suspect community; now it is the Muslims.首先，它是爱尔兰谁是嫌疑人社会;现在是穆斯林。 In the future, it could be another group and ultimately anyone who dissents.在未来，也可能是另一组，并最终谁流露出任何人。 As Gareth Peirce warns: “The continuing experiment is dangerous and insidious in more than one way.正如加雷思皮尔斯说： “持续不断的实验是危险的，阴险的在一个以上的方式。 It has become very clear that, when one challenge is overcome, the goalposts are moved and a new system comes in.”它已成为非常明确地指出，当一个人面临的挑战是克服，球门柱被移到了新系统的用武之地“ The Court of Appeal’s recent decision to uphold the right to impose control orders without the subject knowing what they are charged with is another dangerous step.上诉法院最近决定将坚持实行正确的控制命令后，这个问题的了解，他们被指控是另一个危险的一步。 Have Your Say: Policing “target communities” 你说：治安“目标的社区” Please read our请仔细阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting张贴在发布前的指导方针 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以讨论这份报告在这里 . 。 Related News 相关新闻
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