The War on Drugs - ‘30 Years of Failure’战争的药物-' 30年失败的'
Radley Balko radley balko | HBO’s critically acclaimed drama The Wire wrapped up its final season in March. |高压氧的备受推崇的戏剧线结束了它的最后一季在三月。 The show has been widely praised for its raw and cynical realism, its huge cast of multidimensional characters interweaving across complex story arcs, and above all its knowing look at the decline of a major American city.显示已被广泛称赞其原料和玩世不恭的现实主义，其庞大的演员多层面的人物交织复杂的故事，自动垃圾收集系统，及以上所有知道看的衰落的一个主要的美国城市。 Over five seasons, co-creators David Simon and Ed Burns—a former reporter for the Baltimore Sun and a former narcotics officer with the Baltimore Police Department, respectively—explored Charm City’s docks, labor unions, crumbling public school system, and troubled police department, along with the particular brand of political corruption that infects a dying city.超过5个赛季，合作的创作者大卫西蒙和ED烧伤-前记者为巴尔的摩太阳报和一名前禁毒人员与巴尔的摩警察署，分别为-探讨魅力城市的码头，工会，摇摇欲坠的公立学校系统，并困扰警察署，随品牌，尤其是政治腐败感染一个垂死的城市。
Although both are unreservedly men of the left, Simon and Burns created a show that eviscerated Democratic governance, capturing the futility and spectacular failure of local institutions. The Wire serves as a primer on unintended consequences, public choice theory, and the way politics poisons civil society.虽然两者都毫无保留地男子的左，西蒙与伯恩斯建立了一个显示eviscerated民主执政，引人入胜的是徒劳的和壮观的失败的地方机构。 铁丝网充当引物对意想不到的后果，公共选择理论，方式和政治毒药公务员社会。 Characters showing even a hint of nobility are almost inevitably punished by indifferent, plodding bureaucrats, overly ambitious politicians, or the damaging actions of well-meaning public employees.字符显示，甚至一个暗示贵族化，几乎无可避免地受到冷漠， plodding官僚，过于雄心勃勃的政治家，或破坏性的行动，本意良好的公共部门雇员。 The results can be heartbreaking, as when broken policies drive a promising circle of middle school students to bleak destinies.结果可以令人心碎，当破碎的政策，推动有前途的循环中学生暗淡的命运。
The Wire ’s greatest accomplishment may be its unprecedented, painfully accurate portrait of the drug war. 钢丝 '最大的成就可能是其前所未有的，是痛苦的，准确的画像禁毒战争。 Never before has television so honestly captured the brutality of black markets, the folly of statistics-driven law enforcement, and the twisted incentives that confront cops and drug merchants alike.以前从未有电视，使诚实抓获的残酷黑市场，愚蠢的统计驱动的执法，以及扭曲的奖励措施，面对警察和毒品商人一样。 This may be why, as Simon这可能是为什么，正如西蒙 told Reason告诉的原因 in 2004, the show is beloved by street-level police officers and drug dealers.在2004年，敬爱的显示是由街一级的警务人员和毒品贩子。
Ed Burns, 62, came to writing late in life, after a tour in Vietnam and two decades working homicide and narcotics in the Baltimore Police Department.教育署烧伤， 62岁，来晚在写作的生活后，参观了在越南和两个数十年来的工作凶杀案和毒品在巴尔的摩警察署。 He also taught seventh grade in Baltimore’s public schools, an experience he has said compared psychologically with Vietnam.他还教七年级在巴尔的摩市的公立学校，一经验，他说相比，在心理上与越南。 In 1997 Burns and Simon, who met when Simon was covering cops, co-wrote The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood , the acclaimed true story of a single intersection in drug-plagued West Baltimore that later became an Emmy-winning HBO miniseries.在1997年的烧伤和Simon ，谁会见时，西蒙是包括警察，合作，写了一个角落：一，今年在生活的一个城市内居委会 ，被誉为真实的故事一个单一的交汇点，在毒品的困扰西巴尔的摩，后来一艾美奖得奖高压氧迷你。 In January of this year, as The Wire was closing out its run, Burns and Simon finished shooting a new HBO miniseries based on Evan Wright’s book Generation Kill , an account of the first days of the 2003 US invasion of Iraq.在今年一月， 由于电线被关闭其运行，烧伤和Simon完成拍摄一个新的高压氧迷你的基础上埃文赖特的书一代杀死 ，交代第一天的2003年美国入侵伊拉克。
Senior Editor Radley Balko interviewed Burns via telephone in February.资深编辑radley balko采访烧伤透过电话在2月。
Reason : This season of The Wire has focused pretty heavily on the media. 原因是 ：本赛季的铁丝网已相当严重的重点是对媒体。 What do you think the media do well when it comes to covering criminal justice issues, and what do you think they do poorly?您怎么看媒体做好当谈到涉及刑事司法问题，您怎么看他们做的不好？
Ed Burns : I think a lot depends on who’s doing it. 教育署烧伤 ：我想了很多，取决于谁的做法。 In specific cases, you can do extremely well as a reporter.在特定情况下，你可以做的非常好，作为记者。 My problem is more with the basic philosophy of how it’s done.我的问题是更多的与基本理念如何的工作要做。 It’s like a laser beam.这就像是一个激光束。 They cover a specific aspect, or a specific trial, or a specific murder in a way that simplifies things, that makes them very stereotypical.它们涉及的一个具体方面，或特定的审判，或特定的谋杀案，案中的方式，简化了的东西，这使他们非常刻板。 It only takes one sentence to name the victim of a crime and the street where the crime took place.只需要1句名称某一犯罪的受害者和街的地方犯罪发生。 So they’re really only reporting something that we know is going to happen—because the conditions are there to make it happen—but they don’t go beyond that.因此，他们真的只报告了一些，我们知道事情发生-因为条件是否有让梦想-但他们并没有超越这一点。 There’s no context in crime reporting.有没有背景下，在举报罪案。 That’s the problem.这就是问题。
Reason : Slate ’s media critic, Jack Shafer, has said that the media are at their absolute worst when covering the drug war. 原因是 ： 板岩 '的媒体评论家，杰克沙佛曾表示，媒体正处于绝对最差的当涉及毒品的战争。 Do you agree with him, and if so why do you think that is?你是否同意他，如果是的话，为什么你认为是什么？
Burns : Take just the term “war on drugs.” I mean, they’re not warring on drugs. 烧伤 ：只需要而言， “战争的药物。 ”我的意思是，它们就不会战国关于毒品。 They’re warring on drug addicts and the users and the small-time dealers.他们正在交战就吸毒成瘾者和用户和小商的时间。 They’re warring on neighborhoods.他们正在交战就街道。 They’re warring on people who can’t stand up to them.他们正在交战的人谁不能站起来给他们。 They’re not warring on major dealers.他们没有交战的主要交易商。
You can follow it in any city; I don’t care how small it is or how big it is.您也可以按照它在任何一个城市;我不介意如何的小，这是或有多大，这是。 If the paper is pretty avid about covering who’s getting locked up, you’ll notice that they’re not getting the big guys.如果该文件是相当热心约涵盖谁的日益关起来，您会发现它们不是越来越大家伙。 They’re not getting the big stakeholders.他们没有得到大的利益相关者。
I think their whole approach is almost as if they were trying to separate us, trying to separate the classes by saying, “Look what’s happened down there.我认为他们的做法是整个几乎一样，如果他们试图分开我们，试图分开班说， “看看有什么事下来。 Look at these people down there, these people and what they’re doing.”看看这些人有下跌，这些人及他们在做什么“ 。
When I was teaching, you’d have a kid in, say, his junior year of high school.当我的教学，您想要有一个孩子在说，他三年级高中。 And you’d give him a list of things he could possibly do when he gets out.和您想要给他一个清单的东西，他可能这样做时，他失控。 He could be a doctor, lawyer, all this kind of stuff.他可能是一个医生，律师，这一切都种的东西。 We’d make one of the options “drug addict,” and there are kids who always check it off.我们要作出的选择之一“吸毒者” ，有孩子谁经常检查它关闭。
The media report as if these kids have all of these options, and they consciously make this decision to become a drug addict, and to risk the consequences of going up to the corner and getting themselves killed.媒体报导作为，如果这些孩子们所有这些选项，他们自觉地作出这个决定成为一名吸毒者，以及风险的后果，持续上升到一个角落，并获得自己的死亡。 That decision was made for him long before that kid got to be in the 11th grade.即作出的决定，是他长期此之前，孩子到了必须在11年级。 A lot of guys don’t even get that far.很多人甚至不得到远远的。
This idea that there are lots of options for these kids and they choose a life on the corner, that’s too simplistic.这个想法有很多可供选择的这些孩子和他们选择的生活，对即将到来，这是过于简单化。 But it’s the way these things get covered.但它的方式，这些事情得到保障。
Reason : We interviewed your co-producer, David Simon, just before The Wire ’s fourth season. 原因是 ：我们采访您的合作，生产者，大卫西蒙， 前钢丝 '第四赛季。 He said that though The Wire may be cynical about institutions, it treats its characters with a lot of affection.他说， 虽然钢丝可能玩世不恭的有关机构，它对待其字符了很多的感情。 But the last two seasons seem to have gotten even more cynical.但在过去的两个赛季似乎已经得到了更愤世嫉俗。 Many of the characters who show promise seem to either succumb to character flaws or actually get punished for doing the right thing.很多的字符显示谁的承诺，似乎不是屈从于性格的缺陷，或实际上得到惩罚做正确的事。 Are viewers to take anything away from The Wire other than that our major institutions are failing and there’s little reason for hope?是观众采取任何脱离线以外，我们的主要机构是不存在的没有理由没有希望了吗？
Burns : Well, I don’t think there’s much reason for hope if you keep doing the same thing over and over again, even though you know it’ll never work. 烧伤 ：好，我不认为这有很多原因，如果您希望继续做同样的事情并再次，即使你知道它永远无法工作。 Dietrich Bonhoeffer once said that if you get on the wrong train, running down the aisle in the opposite direction really doesn’t help.迪特里希朋霍费尔曾经说过，如果你就错了火车，运行大幅降价，在相反的方向，实在没有帮助。 Basically that’s what we’ve done, we’ve gotten on entirely the wrong train, and we keep sprinting down the aisle in the other direction, trying to pretend that if we run fast enough, we can get it together and turn things around.基本上，这就是我们所做，我们已经得到了就完全错误的火车，和我们保持短跑大幅降价，在其他方向，试图假装，如果我们运行速度不够快，我们可以得到它，共同把事情周围。 We’re losing more than we’re winning, and there’s no reason for it.我们正在失去比我们更要打赢，而且也没有理由。
I mean, if you go into West Baltimore, or East Baltimore, or any of these cities in the ghettos, and you pick up a stone and you throw it, you’re probably going to hit a nonprofit.我的意思是，如果你进入西巴尔的摩，或东巴尔的摩，或任何这些城市中的贫民区，你拿起一块石头，你丢它，您可能会达到一个非盈利。 They’re all over the place.他们都是超过的地方。 They aren’t working, because again we’re all on the same wrong train.他们不工作，因为我们又都是在同一个错误的列车。 The nonprofits are fragmented.该非营利组织是支离破碎。 The whole thing is fragmented.整个事情是支离破碎。 It just doesn’t work.它只是不工作。
So no, I don’t think we’re being cynical.因此，不，我不认为我们正在玩世不恭。 I think we’re being factual.我认为我们正在被事实。 We’ve been fighting the drug war for 30 years.我们一直在打击毒品的战争，为30年。 Thirty years of failure.三十年的失败。 But there’s some reason that we persist in this.但也有一些原因，我们坚持在这方面。 What is it?它是什么？ We never explore why that is.我们从来没有探讨这是为什么。 But you just can’t spend this much money and get these few results and continue on like this.但你不能花这多钱，并让这些数的结果，并继续就喜欢这个。 Someone has to start wondering what the fuck is going on.有人开始怀疑什么他妈的正在进行中。
Reason : Critics have said the city of Baltimore is really the central character in The Wire . 原因是 ：批评者说，城市巴尔的摩，实在是中央的性格在铁丝网 。 Recently, we’ve seen some interesting developments in violent crime statistics.最近，我们已经看到一些有趣的事态发展在暴力犯罪统计资料。 Large cities like New York and Los Angeles have continued with improvements that started in the 1990s, but smaller and medium-size cities like Baltimore, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis seem to be getting bloodier.大城市如纽约，洛杉矶，继续与改进，开始在20世纪90年代，但规模较小和中等规模的城市一样，巴尔的摩，辛辛那提和印第安纳波利斯似乎越来越血腥。 Do you have any theories as to why that might be?你有什么理论，至于为何可能？
Burns : Yeah, sure, absolutely. 烧伤 ：是啊，肯定的是，绝对。 I think New York’s murder rate was under 500 in 2007, and that’s out of a population of 8 million people.我觉得纽约的谋杀率是根据500在2007年，那就是出于对人口800万人。 Baltimore’s murder rate was somewhere around 282 for a population of around 600,000 people.巴尔的摩市的谋杀率是约282为一的人口约有60.0万人。 So we’re very close to New York just in raw numbers.所以我们非常接近，纽约只是在原号码。 The reason is that New York has an economy.原因是纽约的一个经济体系。 There’sa vitality there.有活力。 There are things happening.有一些事情发生。 People have jobs.人有就业机会。
In places like Baltimore, Detroit, and Cincinnati, the jobs that were there are gone.在地方，如巴尔的摩，底特律，和辛辛那提，工作有没有了。 The manufacturing-based jobs are gone, and without that kind of job, it’s very, very difficult to jump-start the economy.制造业为基础的工作经历，并没有这种工作，这是非常，非常艰难的出启动经济。 There’s no prospect for Baltimore having jobs in the near future.有没有前景，巴尔的摩有就业机会，在不久的将来。 If you look at Baltimore now, what you’re seeing is a very decayed inner core.如果你看看巴尔的摩现在，您所看到的是一个非常腐朽内核。 The east side of the city is being bought up by Johns Hopkins [the university and hospital].东边的城市是被收购了由约翰霍普金斯[大学及医院] 。 They’re building a biotech park which is going to employ 6,000 people, but of those 6,000 people, you’ll be lucky to get three people who were originally from those neighborhoods.他们正在建设一个科技园区，这是去雇用6000人，但这些6000人，您幸运获得3人谁原本从这些街道。 They just aren’t qualified.他们只是不符合资格。
Reason : You’ve said that too many narcotics police today have developed a gung-ho, cowboy mentality. 原因是 ：您说，太多的禁毒警察今天已制定了一项长庚浩，牛仔的心态。 You traced this trend back to the 1972 movie The French Connection .你追查这一趋势回到1972年的电影，法国方面 。 Could you elaborate?你能否详细说明？
Burns : Well, it’s just dumb. The Godfather , or The French Connection , which came out in the early ’70s, those movies set the stage for both sides of the drug war. 烧伤 ：好的，这只是哑巴。 教父 ，或在法国方面 ，其中出来在七十年代初期，这些电影，搭建了舞台，为双方的禁毒战争。 In The French Connection , Det.在法国方面 ，活塞。 Popeye Doyle had this very cynical, harsh, rough, law-breaking type of drug style that sort of set the tone in how street narcotics guys work.水手杜可风，这已非常玩世不恭，苛刻，粗糙，违法类型的药物的作风，这种定调在如何街禁毒工作的家伙。 Very flippant.很轻率。 What the movie didn’t pick up, and what you didn’t see, is all the intense surveillance and hard work that would go into a drug bust back then.什么电影没有回升，和你没有看到，是所有激烈的监视和辛勤工作，这将进入一个毒品半身像，然后回。 But they put out the idea of this guy who cracks heads, especially in that scene where they went and they shook the bar down.但他们提出的想法，这家伙谁裂缝的元首，尤其是在现场表示，他们所去的地方，他们震撼了酒吧。 That became iconic.成为标志。 And that is the way the cops were afterward.这是方式，随后被警察。 I mean, you’d see white cops in black neighborhoods looking like Serpico , and they’re not undercover.我的意思是，您要见白警察在黑人社区看起来像serpico ，他们还没有卧底。 It was just this mind-set that took over of how you’re supposed to dress and act and the way you’re supposed to be.这只是这个心态集接管如何您要着装和行为方式和您要。
The Godfather had a similar effect on the other side. 教父也有类似的作用，对对方。 It basically taught these emerging heroin gangs how to do business, how you set up your structure, with the code and the organization, the way you should have a boss, under-bosses—you know, capos.它基本上是教导这些新兴海洛因团伙如何做业务，如何设置您的结构，与守则及组织，方法，你应该有一个老板，下-老板-你知道， capos 。 It got black, inner-city heroin dealers into the same mind-set.它有黑色，内城的海洛因交易商到相同的心态。
Reason : How common do you think that is, drug dealers taking tips from the entertainment world? 原因是 ：如何共同你认为是，毒品交易商采取的秘诀，从娱乐世界呢？ I’ve read that some dealers actually get advice from The Wire , particularly when it comes to communication systems they can use to evade police surveillance.我已阅读一些交易商认为，其实得到的意见， 从电线 ，特别是当谈到通信系统，他们可以使用，以逃避警方的严密监控。
Burns : Well, if they’re looking at what we’re telling them, they won’t be learning much, because the technology has been out there. 烧伤 ：好吧，如果他们要找什么，我们告诉他们，他们不会学习的很多，因为技术已经存在。 The Marlo Stanfields of today—those guys I think of as mid-level drug dealers—there are just so many of them.该marlo stanfields今天-那些家伙，我认为的作为中级毒品贩子-有刚，使他们中的许多。 They’re like the salmon going up the river.他们像鲑鱼去了河。 There’s really no way for law enforcement to stop all of these guys.还有的实在没有办法执法，停止所有的这些家伙。 There are just too many of them.有太多的他们。 So the ones who take a modicum of precautions, the ones who are smart enough to stay low key, they’re completely under the radar screen, because it would just take too much work to even figure out who these guys are and how to catch them.因此，那些谁采取一点点的防范措施，那些谁是聪明留低调，他们完全根据雷达屏幕上，因为它只是采取太多的工作，甚至数字究竟是谁这些家伙，以及如何赶上他们。 Only the really, really careless ones get caught.只有真的，真的不小心的陷入。
Reason : What’s your feeling on the militarization of domestic police departments, particularly as it relates to the drug war? 理由是 ：你对此有何感觉，对军事化的国内警察部门，特别是因为它涉及到药物的战争？
Burns : I think this whole thing was driven by the concept of numbers. 烧伤 ：我认为这整个事情的驱动概念的数字。 You can quantify numbers, so if you’re in a war and you’re racking up numbers—numbers being arrests—it sets that military tone.您可以量化的数字，因此如果您在一个战争与您伤透号码-号码被逮捕-它集军事的语调。 Sort of like the way we’ve historically measured the success of wars in terms of casualties.有点像方式，我们已经在历史上衡量成功的战争条款的人员伤亡。 The police departments that work in these hard neighborhoods are basically armies of occupation.警察部门的工作，努力在这些街道，基本上是军队的占领。 Their job is to keep these people suppressed.他们的工作是保持这些人的打压。
In Baltimore two years ago, they locked up 115,000 people from a population of 600,000.在巴尔的摩两年前，他们关起来，从11.5万人，人口60.0万。 Now, let’s assume that they didn’t lock up anybody under the age of 8 or over the age of 70.现在，让我们假设他们没有锁定任何人下， 8岁或超过70岁。 They didn’t lock up that many white middle-class people.他们没有锁起来，许多白人中产阶层的人。 That’s an awful lot of people from one particular group getting put behind bars.这是一个可怕的，很多人从一个特别小组，越来越把背后的酒吧。 And many times, they’re getting locked up for things like sitting on the stoop drinking a beer, pissing in the alley, or just jaywalking in the street.而且很多时候，他们得到的关起来的事情，想坐于弯腰喝啤酒，小尿在胡同口，或者只是乱过马路，在街。
Reason : The old “broken windows” theory? 原因是 ：旧的“破碎的窗口”理论吗？
Burns : [Laughs] Yeah. 烧伤 ： [笑着说：嗯。 James Q. Wilson’s trick.涂谨申议员问：威尔逊奇摩伎俩。 It doesn’t work.它是行不通的。 In fact, what it does do is alienate the police department from the community.在事实上，它做的，是疏远，警察部门从社会。 So you’re an army of occupation, and because you’ve alienated the community, you’re not getting any information.因此，您是军队的占领，因为您疏离的社会，您没有收到任何资料。 That’sa bad situation. that'sa坏的情况。
It’s the same thing they discovered in Iraq, oddly enough.它的同样的事情，他们在伊拉克发现，奇怪的。 Once they got away from the idea of suppression, they started getting much more information from Iraqis.他们一旦得到远离的想法镇压，他们开始使用更为详细的信息由伊拉克人。 The soldiers and Marines in Iraq basically use many of the techniques developed by law enforcement.士兵和海军陆战队在伊拉克，基本上使用的许多技术开发的执法力度。 They do the same type of searches.他们这样做同一类型的搜索。 They gather the same type of information.他们收集同一类型的信息。 They collate it the same way.他们整理，它同样的方式。 They use cell phone data.他们使用手机的数据。 They’re doing everything that law enforcement normally does.他们正在尽一切执法一般。 But they’re only successful when they’re connected with the people.但他们只能成功，当他们涉嫌与人民。
In Baltimore, they’re not connected to the people because they’ve alienated everyone in the neighborhood.在巴尔的摩，它们就不会连接到人，因为他们已经疏离，每个人都在附近。 So when you need to know something, when you need information, where do you go?所以，当您需要知道的东西，当你需要的资料，如你去？
Reason : What do you make of the “Stop Snitchin’” movement, the street campaign that discourages people from cooperating with police, which seems to have started in Baltimore? 理由是 ：你怎么作出的“停止snitchin ”运动，街头运动，劝阻人们从配合警方，这似乎已开始在巴尔的摩？
Burns : Well, again, it’s something that’s incidental. 烧伤 ：好的，再次，它的东西的偶然的。 It’sa symptom.它的症状。 If the police were connected, if the police were actively involved with the people in the neighborhood, the amount of information they would be getting would be so great that the whole idea of snitching wouldn’t be important.如果警方联系，如果警方都积极参与，与市民在居委会，大量的信息，他们会越来越将如此巨大的整个概念snitching不会是很重要的。 When I was a cop, having informants was a rare thing.当我还是一个缔约方会议后，举报人的是一种罕见的事。 They were looked down upon.他们看不起。 I had sometimes as many as 50 guys working for me.我有时多达50个家伙，我的工作。 I didn’t have to go out on the street.我没有走出去在街上。 I could sit by the phone and just wait for the information to come.我可以坐在由电话和公正的等待信息来。 But you got that by being decent to people, working with them, helping them out on their little charges, stuff like that.但你认为被体面的人，与他们一起工作，帮助他们列于他们的小收费，东西一样。 That’sa lot of work, and a lot of money comes out of your pocket to keep them happy and cooperative, but the amount of information you get back is profound. that'sa大量工作，很多钱出来，你的口袋，让他们高兴和合作，但信息量，您回来是深刻的。
Cops aren’t taught to do that anymore because today it’s all about numbers.警察是不是教授这样做了，因为今天的所有数字。 You can get a number by just going up on the corner and grabbing somebody and getting a bag off of him.你可以得到多少只由不断上升，在角落，并抢走有人和获得一个袋内过他。 That’s the easy thing.这是很容易的事。 If taking a guy in for drinking a beer on the street is a “1,” and catching the kingpin is a “1,” well, it takes two minutes to catch the guy with the beer can.如果以一个人在饮用啤酒对街是一个“ 1 ” ，和抓住首领是一个“ 1 ” ，那么，它需要两分钟时间赶上的家伙，啤酒可以。 It could take you two years to catch the kingpin.它可以带你在两年内赶上首领。 If numbers are all the department cares about, then the guy who pursues the kingpin is wasting his time.如果号码都是该署关心，然后家伙谁奉行首领是在浪费时间。
And it is all about numbers.这是所有的数字。 It’s how they talk, how they rate themselves.它的他们如何谈，他们如何率。 The fact that the murder rate in Baltimore stays constantly above the norm would seem to be an indication that maybe they should try something different.事实上，谋杀率在巴尔的摩停留不断上述规范似乎是一个迹象表明，也许他们应该尝试一些不同的。 But they’re bankrupt.但他们破产。 They don’t have any idea what they need to do because they’re separated from the people.他们这样做不会有任何的想法需要做什么，因为他们脱离人民。 They’re not of the people.他们没有把人民群众。 You’re policing as an army of occupation, not as police in the community.您治安作为一个军队的占领，而不是作为警察，在社区内。 And that just doesn’t work.和刚才是行不通的。
Reason : David Simon once wrote that you are “the living manifestation of lost wars,” since you were a soldier in Vietnam, a cop fighting the drug war, and a teacher in the public school system. 原因是 ：大卫西蒙曾经写道，你是“生活的体现，失去了战争， ”既然你是一个士兵在越南，缔约方会议打击毒品的战争，和一名教师在公立学校系统。 Do you agree those three wars were or have been lost?你是否同意这三个战争或已丢失？ Are there any institutional similarities you’ve observed that contributed to those three failures?是否有任何体制的异同您所见作出贡献的这三个失败的呢？
Burns : Well, we definitely lost Vietnam. 烧伤 ：好的，我们肯定失去了越南。 And we lost Iraq.和我们失去了伊拉克。 And we’ll lose any war where we allow an insurgency to exist.我们将失去任何战争，我们允许叛乱存在。 As for the war on drugs, I don’t think we’ll ever recover from the mind-set we’ve gotten into to fight it.至于战争对毒品的，我不认为我们会恢复以往任何时候都从心定我们已经得到了转化，以扑灭它。 The educational system is an absolute and total disaster.教育系统是一项绝对的和总的灾难。 And that of course is fueling the drug war, because there are so many kids who have no alternative but to spend their time on the corners.和这当然是刺激毒品的战争，因为有这么多的孩子谁别无他法，只好把时间花在对角落。
The failure is institutional because no one sets out to lose these wars.失败是体制，因为没有人订明失去了这些战争。 This is dangerous stuff, self-defeating stuff.这是很危险的东西，弄巧成拙的东西。 Education has no relevance.教育没有关联。 It doesn’t mean anything to these kids because they can’t connect to it.它并不意味着什么，这些孩子们，因为他们不能连接到它。 They spend those eight years or nine years in school because they have to.他们用这些八年或九年在学校，因为他们要。 Of course, they have to learn something.当然，他们要学习的东西。 And what they learn is how to sit quietly in a corner and make the school become a kind of training ground for the corners.和他们所了解的是如何坐在静静地在一个角落，使学校成为一种训练场地，为的角落。 The administration and the teachers basically become surrogate cops.政府当局和教师，基本上成为代理孕母的警察。 And the kids play through these fantasies with the stand-in “cops” until they’ve tested their mettle enough to go up on the corners and try it with the real guys.和孩子们发挥透过这些幻想与立场，在“警察” ，直到他们已经测试过他们的气概，不够去了就角落和尝试，它与真正的球员。
We’ve had 20, 30 years of this stuff, and 20, 30 years of spending billions of dollars on failed systems.我们已经20 ， 30年的这个东西，和20 ， 30年的花费数十亿美元就没有系统。 And if you go to one of the private schools and see these kids in action and then go to an inner-city public school, you can see the chasm.如果你去一个私人学校和看到这些孩子在行动上，然后进入一个市内公立学校，您可以看到的鸿沟。 There’s separation even in the way of being, in the way they think, in how they operate.有的甚至在分离的方式，在方式，他们认为，在它们如何运作。 It’s profound, but it’s nothing new.它的深刻，但它的无新意。 We’ve been doing this for a long time.我们一直在这样做的相当长的时间。
Reason : How would you describe your personal politics? 理由是 ：你会如何描述您的个人政治？
Burns : Liberal. 烧伤 ：自由。 Liberal to radical.自由激进。
I’m pretty fed up with what’s going on.我很漂亮的厌倦了什么事情。
Reason : Is there any concrete policy you can think of that would lead to the more community-oriented style of policing you’ve described? 原因是 ：是否有任何具体的政策，你能想到这将导致更面向社区警务工作作风，您所描述的呢？
Burns : You would have to change the nature of the institution. 烧伤 ：你将不得不改变性质的机构。 You’d have to stop making it a numbers game.您必须停止使它成为数字游戏。 Now, how do you do that with people who’ve been inculcated with this idea that it’s all about numbers?现在，你怎么这样做，与人谁一直灌输这个概念，它的所有约号码？ These guys have got computers, they’ve got charts, they’ve got all this kind of stuff, and it all revolves around locking people up.这些家伙有电脑，他们已经得到图表，他们已经得到这一切，种的东西，和它所有围绕锁的人。 Clearly, that’s not the way to go.显然，这不是路要走。 But it’s how they sell themselves to politicians, and how they sell themselves to these community relation groups.但它的他们如何推销它们自己的政治家，以及他们如何推销它们自己的这些社会团体的关系。 This stuff is about locking people up.这东西是有关锁的人。
The police should be focused on the most serious crimes, and in Baltimore the most serious crimes are murder, rape, and robbery.警方应集中于最严重的罪行，并在巴尔的摩最严重的罪行是谋杀，强奸和抢劫。 So you try to diffuse the other stuff, but you have to start putting your resources into those.因此，您尝试弥漫其他的东西，但你必须开始把您的资源投入那些。 Because if a person kills someone in the neighborhood, the neighborhood knows who did it.因为如果一个人杀死有人在居委会，居委会知道是谁没有。 If the police don’t catch that person, and that guy’s walking around having beaten a murder, all the police credibility goes out the window.如果警方没有赶上那人，并家伙的走动击败一宗谋杀案，所有警察的公信力熄灭的窗口。
It’s the same thing if you go up on the corner and you roust an addict while the guy sitting across from the addict has a gun.它的同样的事情如果你到了在角落和你roust一个吸毒者，而那个坐在对面的吸毒者有一支枪。 Everybody in the neighborhood knows he’s got the gun because he’s the bodyguard.每个人都在居委会知道他有枪，因为他的保镖。 And you don’t grab him.你不抓他。 The people are thinking, well, maybe the dude is paying the police off.人民群众是思想，那么，也许dude正在警方小康。 Why else would they grab the harmless addict but not the guy with the gun?否则，为什么他们会抓住无害的吸毒者，但不是的家伙，枪呢？ Again, the problem is that the police are operating without information and playing to the numbers.再次，问题是，警方现正经营的信息和发挥的数目。 If I’m locking you up for petty stuff, you’re not going to be telling me shit.如果我锁定您为零用的东西，您不是要告诉我， shit外围。 If I’m locking you up two and three times a month, you’re especially not going to tell me anything.如果我是你锁定了两个和3倍，一个月您，尤其是不打算告诉我任何事情。
So how do you change all of this?所以你怎么改变这一切呢？ You change the numbers game.你改变的数字游戏。 You require police to reconnect with the people, and you start focusing everybody on the major crimes, the ones that make living very, very difficult—murder, rape, and robbery.您需要警方重新同人民群众的，和你开始，大家重点就主要罪行，那些使生活非常，非常困难-谋杀，强奸和抢劫。
See More: 看到更多的： Drugs 药物 USA News 美国新闻Have Your Say: The War on Drugs - ‘30 Years of Failure’ 你说：战争的药物-' 30年失败的'
Please note, only selected comments will be published.请注意，只有选定的评论将出版。
Or discuss this report in our our new forums 或讨论这个报告在我们的我们的新论坛
One Response to “The War on Drugs - ‘30 Years of Failure’” 1回应： “战争对药物-' 30年的失败” 。
WeStillSleepin!? westillsleepin ！ ？
Posted: May 28th, 2008 at 7:56 pm | 发布时间： 2008年5月28日在下午7点56分| Link to this 链接到本
Free Newsletter 免费通讯 
Related News 相关新闻
- Glasgow bombing suspect dies格拉斯哥轰炸嫌疑人死亡
- Just what the Middle East needs — more WMDs什么样的中东的需要-更大规模杀伤性武器
- House panel passes measure on collecting DNA内务委员会通过的措施，对收集的DNA
- Family wants answers after Taser death家庭要的答案后，克利克死亡
- Man Dies After Incident On Parkway West男子去世后，事件对百汇西
Email This Page To A Friend 电子邮件此页给朋友
Latest Headlines 最新的新闻标题
- Amnesty urges next US president to ban torture特赦组织敦促下一任美国总统，禁止酷刑
- Ireland accused of failing on flight rendition爱尔兰被告未对航机飞行的移交逃犯
- Brown: To Be More Than an Accessory to War Crimes布朗：要一个多配件的战争罪行
- UK ready to scrap killer cluster bombs英国准备放弃杀手的集束炸弹
- Report: US cluster bombs were faulty报告：美国集束炸弹故障
- Iraq War May Have Increased Energy Costs by $6 Trillion伊拉克战争可能会有所增加的能源成本由六○○○○○○○○○○○○美元
- A Real Inside Job; Anthrax一个真正的内就业;炭疽
- Orwellian Ubiquitous Computing?奥威尔普适计算？
- Appeal from Tony Benn / Stop the War Coalition上诉由托尼本/停止战争联盟
- American Psychological Association Supports Torture美国心理协会支持酷刑
More更多 Breaking News突发新闻
Archive 存档
This guy is REAL, the Wire is REAL, and the problems of my city (BALTIMORE)are very REAL and with the COB catering to the CityFAKEstat we will never never recover.这个家伙是真实的，电线是真实的，问题我的城市（巴尔的摩）是非常真实和与芯照顾到cityfakestat ，我们绝不会从来没有收回。 He hit it right on the nose about the numbers game it’s how they measure everything in this city!!他打的权利，鼻子有关的数字游戏，它的他们如何衡量一切，在这个城市！