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 | Translate: 翻译：               Ending Poverty: Moving Beyond More Aid and Fair Trade消除贫穷：超越更多的援助和公平贸易 Wednesday, November 19th, 2008 星期三， 2008年11月十九日
By Davinder Kaur |由文达河| As the United Nations seeks increased financial assistance from donor countries to help meet the flagging Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the inadequacy of international aid and fairer trade agreements has never been so clear.正如联合国寻求更多的财政援助捐赠国，以帮助满足衰退千年发展目标（ MDGs ） ，不足的国际援助和公平贸易协定从来没有象现在这样明确。 In 2007 alone, aid to developing countries仅在2007年，对发展中国家的援助 fell by 8.4%下跌8.4 ％ , leaving huge challenges ahead to meet the Gleneagles G-8 target of doubling aid to Africa by 2010. ，留下巨大的挑战，以满足未来的格伦伊格尔斯八国集团翻一番的目标对非洲的援助到2010年。 In July, the Doha round of trade talks collapsed again for the third time as developing countries refused to bow down to US pressure allowing increased access to their markets.今年7月，多哈回合贸易谈判再次破裂的第三次作为发展中国家拒绝低头弯腰美国的压力使更多的市场准入。 These factors, alongside the rise in hunger as a result of the food crisis and the worsening这些因素，同时增加饥饿所造成的粮食危机和日益恶化 global financial crisis全球金融危机 , underline the low global priority given by rich nations to the world’s poor. ，强调低优先考虑全球丰富的国家对世界上的穷人。 Pledges and promises of aid to eradicate poverty made by rich nations over the past four decades have resulted in few changes for the Global South.保证和承诺的援助，以消除贫困所作的富裕国家过去40年来已导致一些改动的全球南方。 If genuinely concerned with poverty reduction, all OECD member states would have long ago reached the 0.7% target for aid, pledged via the United Nations in 1970.如果真正关心减贫，所有经合组织成员国将早已达到了0.7 ％的援助目标，承诺通过联合国于1970年。 Thirty-eight years later, 38年后， not a single G8 country has met this target没有任何一个国家都八国集团达到这一目标 . 。 Any reasons or excuses are rendered largely irrelevant when considering that it took a matter of days for Western governments to find an estimated three trillion dollars to bailout banks caught in the financial crisis.任何理由或借口都变得无关紧要时，考虑到它在几天内就为西方国家政府找到一个估计3万亿美元，以纾困银行陷入财政危机。 The Jubilee Debt Campaign estimates that银禧债务运动估计， less than a quarter of this amount不到一个季度的这一数额 is needed to wipe the debts of the poorest 100 countries - simply to allow them to meet their people’s most basic needs.需要消灭债务的最贫穷的100个国家-仅仅是为了使它们能够满足人民最基本的需要。 At a time when the rise in food prices has caused an在这个时候增加粮食价格造成了 additional 105 million people额外的1.05亿人 to join the ranks of the hungry, the impact of the economic crisis is likely to see the needs of the developing countries further sidelined as Western governments rush to divert money to contain the problem.加入的行列饿了，影响了经济危机是有可能看到的需要，发展中国家进一步休战作为西方国家政府急于转移资金，以控制问题。 Systemic Failures 系统性故障 As these crises worsen, the global trading system continues to do more harm than good.由于这些危机恶化，全球贸易体系，继续弊大于利。 Import surges of heavily subsidized goods flood the markets of poor countries, wreaking havoc on domestic producers and driving many out of business and into进口激增的大量补贴的商品充斥市场的贫穷国家，严重破坏国内生产者和驾驶的许多企业和成 poverty贫困 . 。 Additionally, rich nations consistently force developing countries to lower their tariffs while refusing to do so themselves, thereby denying poor farmers the right to protect their livelihoods.此外，富裕国家一贯迫使发展中国家降低关税，另一方面却拒绝这样做本身，从而使贫困农民有权保护他们的生计。 The situation is further exacerbated when considering that这种情况进一步恶化时，考虑到 two-thirds of developing countries are now net food importers三分之二的发展中国家现在粮食净进口国 . 。 The WTO and the international trading system that it promotes has served to strengthen the status quo, keeping those at the top of the ladder in place while kicking away the ladder from those at the bottom. WTO与国际贸易体系，它促进有助于加强的现状，让那些在顶部的阶梯，同时在踢了梯子从这些机器的底部。 Even if the targets for即使目标 aid援助 and trade were met in the near future, the underlying problems of how trade and aid are administered would continue.和贸易得到了满足在不久的将来，根本问题是如何贸易和援助的管理将继续下去。 Aid would still leave developing countries in a state of dependence upon rich nations and continue to come with conditions attached forcing them to open up their markets to foreign goods and services.援助将仍然离开发展中国家的状态依靠丰富的国家，并继续同来的附加条件迫使他们开放本国市场对外国商品和服务。 Furthermore, aid used by poor countries to pay their external debts would detract them from providing the most basic needs for their citizens.此外，用于援助穷国支付其外债将削弱他们提供最基本的需要为本国公民。 On a broader level, the在更广泛的层面上， unaccountable不负责任 and undemocratic ways in which the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO function would not be addressed, much less resolved, while the enormous influence of corporate lobbying groups would persist.和不民主的方式，世界银行，国际货币基金组织和世界贸易组织功能将不会得到解决，更谈不上解决，而巨大的影响的企业游说团体将持续下去。 Calling for better trade rules and more aid to reduce poverty and growing inequality is not enough to achieve real change.呼唤更好的贸易规则和更多的援助，减少贫困和日益加剧的不平等是不够的，实现真正的变化。 The neoliberal ideologies of economic growth are enshrined in the very institutions that are designed to help developing countries prosper.新自由主义意识形态的经济增长是体现在非常机构，旨在帮助发展中国家繁荣。 A belief in the free market, deregulation, privatization and corporate一种信仰的自由市场，放松管制，私有化和企业 globalization全球化 is the basis upon which these institutions operate.是依据这些机构的运作。 We have seen in recent weeks how unsustainable the current economic system is and how liable it is of causing a financial tsunami upon the lives of people everywhere.我们已经看到在最近几个星期如何目前不可持续的经济体系以及如何承担赔偿责任是导致金融海啸对各地人民生活的。 The biggest financial crisis since the 1930s is not taking place in a vacuum - its roots are based in the neoliberal ideologies stemming from the Washington Consensus dating back to the 1980s.最大的金融危机以来， 1930年是不是在真空-其根源都设在新自由主义的意识形态源自华盛顿共识可以追溯到2 0世纪8 0年代。 Only a few weeks ago, it seemed we had reached a stage where the conceptual apparatus of neoliberalism had become “只有少数几个星期前，我们似乎已经达到了这样一个阶段的概念仪器的新自由主义已成为“ so embedded in common sense as to be taken for granted and not open to question如此植根于常识，以是理所当然的，而不是开放的问题 .” Since then, the world’s most profitable banks have been part-nationalized, a worldwide recession is looming and a global crisis in confidence in the current economic model has become the norm. “ 。自那时以来，全球最赚钱的银行已经部分国有化，一个世界性的经济衰退是迫在眉睫的和全球性的信心危机，在目前的经济模式已经成为规范。 Recent events have demonstrated that to continue working within the confines of the global economic framework may result in slight changes for a small proportion of the world’s poor, but will not be significant enough to achieve targets such as the UN’s Millennium Development Goal of halving hunger by 2015.最近的事件表明，继续努力，在局限在全球经济范围内可能会导致一些细微的变化为一小部分世界上的穷人，但不会显着足以实现目标，如联合国的千年发展目标饥饿人口减少一半，到2015年。 This goal, which is already insufficient, was made further unattainable since the World Bank revised the international poverty line from $1.08 to $1.25 per day, effectively plunging a实现这一目标，这是已经不够，是因为进一步做不到世界银行修订了国际贫困线从1.08美元至1.25美元，每天有效地使一 further 430 million people into extreme poverty overnight进一步的4.3亿人陷入赤贫一夜之间 . 。 Securing Basic Human Needs 保障人的基本需求 The current economic system, based on ever-increasing economic growth as the overarching solution to fighting poverty, is both ineffective and目前的经济制度的基础上，不断增加经济增长的首要解决贫穷作斗争，是无效的和 unsustainable不可持续的 . 。 The key to tackling poverty and inequality must come from a change in principles and priorities from which practical steps can be taken to put long-term structures in place.主要解决贫困和不平等现象必须从改变原则和优先事项从实际步骤，可以采取把长期结构到位。 One such solution would be to define and这样一个解决办法将是确定和 redistribute essential resources必要的资源再分配 in order to immediately secure basic human needs.为了确保立即人类的基本需要。 The universal right to a life of dignity and survival has long been enshrined in article 25 of the普遍的权利有尊严的生活和生存早已载入第25条 1948 UN Declaration of Human Rights 1948年联合国人权宣言 which states that “everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services.”其中规定， “人人有权享有适当生活水准的健康和福祉的他本人和家属，其中包括食物，衣着，住房，医疗和必要的社会服务。 ” There is no reason why没有理由 967 million people should go to bed hungry every day 967000000人民应该饿着肚子上床每一天 . 。 The problem is not defined by a scarcity of food, but by the insufficient access to resources for millions of the world’s poor who lack the necessary purchasing power to survive.问题不在于界定缺乏食物，但在得不到充分的资源，数以百万计的世界上的穷人谁缺乏必要的购买力，才能生存。 The ‘trickle-down theory’ of economic growth, or the political promise that wealth accumulated by the rich would eventually permeate down through society, has proven to be grossly insufficient in dealing with the urgent demand for basic and essential needs.在'涓滴理论'的经济增长，或政治承诺，财富积累的丰富的最终将渗透下来的社会，已被证明是严重不足在处理紧急需求的基本需要。 To immediately reduce inequality and end extreme poverty, a new international要立即减少不平等和终止极端贫困，一个新的国际 mechanism机制 is required which can facilitate a greater economic sharing of essential resources.需要可以促进更多的经济交流必不可少的资源。 The most critical of these are land, basic agricultural produce, water, energy and essential medicines, which together need to be defined, withdrawn and protected from international markets and no longer traded by multinational corporations.最关键的是土地，基本农产品，水，能源和基本药物，这些加在一起需要界定，收回和保护来自国际市场，并不再交易的跨国公司。 A字母a similar initiative类似的倡议 was supported by over 100 civil society organizations at the recent WTO talks.支持超过100个民间社会组织在最近的世贸组织谈判。 Bolivia, Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua presented a proposal to remove healthcare, education, water, telecommunications and energy from the WTO “on the basis that these essential public services are human rights which governments have an obligation to provide, and should not be treated as tradable commodities.”玻利维亚，古巴，委内瑞拉和尼加拉瓜提出了一项建议，消除医疗，教育，供水，电信和能源从入世“的基础上，这些基本的公共服务是人权，各国政府有义务提供，而不应被视为买卖的商品。 “ Although the UN is in need of considerable reform, it should play a lead role in redistributing essential resources.尽管联合国是需要相当大的改革，它应该发挥主导作用，重新分配必要的资源。 It is the only international body with the experience, expertise and financial resources to initiate and coordinate such a crucial program.这是唯一的国际机构的经验，专业知识和财政资源，以发起和协调这样一个关键程序。 A new body within the UN needs to be responsible for a short-term emergency relief program to address the urgent needs of the 50,000 people who die each day from poverty, of which 30,000 are children.一个新的机构，联合国需要负责短期紧急救济程序来处理的迫切需要， 50000人死于谁每天从贫困，其中三点零零万顷儿童。 Simultaneously, a同时，一个 long-term program长期计划 could begin to coordinate securing the wider basic needs of the global public.可以开始协调争取更广泛的基本需求，全球公众。 A genuine change in principles and a renewed sense of commitment is urgently needed to tackle extreme真正的改变，原则和新的承诺是迫切需要解决极端 poverty and inequality贫困和不平等 . 。 A global undertaking of this scale would not come without further challenges and complexities, but it would lead to rapid and progressive change as low-income countries lift themselves out of poverty without permanently relying on financial hand-outs.一个全球性的事业规模不会进一步的挑战和复杂，但它会导致迅速，逐步改变低收入国家摆脱贫困的永久依靠财政施舍。 Campaigning for the redistribution of essential resources, rather than just more aid or fairer trade, is the first vital step to securing the basic needs of the world community.争取重新分配必要的资源，而不仅仅是提供更多的援助或更公平的贸易，是第一个重要步骤，以确保基本需要国际社会。 Have Your Say: Ending Poverty: Moving Beyond More Aid and Fair Trade 你说：消除贫穷：超越更多的援助和公平贸易 Please read our请仔细阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting张贴在发布前的指导方针 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以讨论这份报告在这里 . 。 Related News 相关新闻
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