{"id":4218,"date":"2008-08-01T00:00:04","date_gmt":"2008-07-31T23:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/?p=4218"},"modified":"2008-08-01T00:00:04","modified_gmt":"2008-07-31T23:00:04","slug":"military-censorship-of-the-war-in-iraq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/contributions\/military-censorship-of-the-war-in-iraq\/","title":{"rendered":"Military censorship of the war in Iraq"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Naomi Spencer<\/a> | Five years of bloody US occupation have seen numerous crimes against humanity unfold in Iraq. Millions of Iraqi civilians have been killed and wounded, with millions more made into refugees. Ancient, once-vibrant cities have been destroyed by air raids and chemical weapons. Thousands of Iraqis have imprisoned by the US military in barbaric conditions, and in many cases tortured. In carrying out the occupation, more than 4,400 military personnel\u2013most of them American\u2013have died and tens of thousands have been wounded.<\/p>\n

Little reflection of these realities is to be found, however, in the US media, particularly in visual form. Censorship by the military\u2013and self-censorship by media outlets\u2013is part of an effort by the ruling elite to sanitize the war and keep the American public in the dark about its real nature.<\/p>\n

As highlighted in a July 26 piece in the New York Times<\/em>, titled \u201c4,000 U.S. Deaths, and a Handful of Images,\u201d<\/a> very few photographs of the occupation have trickled out from the military-embedded journalists and been released by the American media. The military and Bush administration have imposed rules barring photos of flag-draped caskets, as well as documentation of battlefield casualties in which faces, ranks, or other identifiers are visible.<\/p>\n

The Times<\/em> notes, \u201cEven memorial services for killed soldiers, once routinely open, are increasingly off limits. Detainees were widely photographed in the early years of the war, but the Department of Defense, citing prisoners\u2019 rights, has recently stopped that practice as well.\u201d Journalists have also been forbidden from releasing images showing what the military deems to be sensitive information\u2013anything from an image of American weaponry to the aftermath of an insurgent strike.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Journalists interviewed by the Times<\/em> said that even tighter rules imposed last year, requiring written permission from wounded soldiers before their images could be used, were nearly impossible to satisfy in the case of seriously wounded and dying soldiers.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhile embed restrictions do permit photographs of dead soldiers to be published once family members have been notified,\u201d the Times<\/em> commented, \u201cin practice, the military has exacted retribution on the rare occasions that such images have appeared.\u201d<\/p>\n

Clearly, none of these restrictions have anything to do with \u201cprisoners\u2019 rights\u201d or respect for the families of fallen soldiers. To the contrary, the military\u2019s intent is to obscure from the American people the hellish reality in which prisoners and US soldiers alike have found themselves. Indeed, while employing typical military jargon and doublespeak, Defense Department officials make no secret of the subject: free and easy access to photographs, print journalism, and first-hand accounts of the war are a \u201cvulnerability\u201d for US imperialism because it fuels antiwar sentiment in the population and within the military.<\/p>\n

The Times<\/em> article invites a comparison of Vietnam war-era photojournalism and coverage of the present occupation in Iraq: \u201cIf the conflict in Vietnam was notable for open access given to journalists\u2013too much, many critics said, as the war played out nightly in bloody newscasts\u2013the Iraq war may mark an opposite extreme: after five years and more than 4,000 American combat deaths, searches and interviews turned up fewer than a half-dozen graphic photographs of dead American soldiers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Significantly, the Times<\/em> was able to document only five published images of war dead that had been released by embedded journalists. In four of those cases, the paper notes, \u201cthe photographer was immediately kicked out of his or her embed following publication of such photos.\u201d<\/p>\n

The number of embedded journalists has been cut drastically in the last five years. At the time of the invasion in 2003, 770 journalists accompanied US forces. Currently, according to the newspaper industry journal Editor & Publisher<\/em>, only a dozen embedded journalists remain, about half of whom are photographers. Even if they were granted complete liberty to witness and document the occupation, the idea that 12 journalists could adequately cover the operations of 150,000 troops around the country is absurd.<\/p>\n

The first \u201cdisembedded\u201d photojournalist documented by the Times<\/em> was Stefan Zaklin, then of the European Pressphoto Agency, who was barred from working with the US Army after publishing a photo of a dead US officer in Fallujah in 2004. In 2005, Chris Hondros of Getty Images was \u201ckicked out of his embed\u201d with an Army unit after photographing a young girl, screaming and covered in blood, after US soldiers killed her parents.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Two Times<\/em> journalists were barred in January 2007 after the paper printed a photo of a fatally wounded soldier. The soldier died within hours of being wounded, but the military insisted that the Times<\/em> reporters violated rules by not getting his written permission to use his image.<\/p>\n

The most recent barring of a photojournalist followed a devastating suicide bombing June 26 in Anbar province. The bombing killed 20 people, including three Marines.<\/p>\n

The photographer, Zoriah Miller, who goes by his first name, was among the first on the scene after the blast. He documented scattered body parts, pools of blood and debris, and wounded and shocked survivors.<\/p>\n

According to a July 17 piece in Photo District News<\/em>, a photography industry magazine, Zoriah was told to \u201cstop photographing, delete his memory cards, [and] surrender his cameras\u201d.<\/p>\n

Three days after family members had been notified of the Marine deaths, Zoriah published the images on his independent website<\/a>. The next morning, the Times<\/em> reported, \u201chigh-ranking Marine public affairs officers demanded that Mr. Miller remove the photos. When he refused, his embed was terminated.\u201d<\/p>\n

Zoriah wrote on his blog that officers claimed the military \u201cwould not allow even the pants or shoes of an injured or killed Marine to be depicted in images.\u201d On July 3, the photographer was handed a letter claiming he had violated embed rules by publishing photos that revealed \u201ctactics, techniques and procedures witnessed during operations,\u201d and provided \u201cinformation on the effectiveness of enemy techniques.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cSpecifically, Mr. Miller provided our enemy with an after-action report on the effectiveness of their attack and on the response procedures of U.S. and Iraqi forces,\u201d Marine spokesman Lt. Col. Chris Hughes told the Times<\/em>. Another Marine officer, Captain Esteban Vickers, waxed indignant to the paper: \u201cMr. Miller\u2019s complete lack of respect to these marines, their friends, and families is shameful… How do we explain to their children or families these disturbing pictures just days after it happened?\u201d<\/p>\n

Zoriah countered: \u201cThe fact that the images I took of the suicide bombing\u2013which are just photographs of something that happens every day all across the country\u2013the fact that these photos have been so incredibly shocking to people, says that whatever they are doing to limit this type of photo getting out, it is working.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is absolutely censorship,\u201d the photographer told the Times<\/em>. \u201cI took pictures of something they didn\u2019t like, and they removed me. Deciding what I can and cannot document, I don\u2019t see a clearer definition of censorship.\u201d In an earlier interview with PDN<\/em> magazine, Zoriah commented: \u201cThey embedded a war photographer, and when I took a photo of war, they disembedded me. It\u2019s as if it\u2019s okay to take pictures of them handing lollipops to kids on the street and providing medical care, but photographing the actual war is unacceptable.\u201d<\/p>\n

Indeed, the claim that documenting casualties aids the enemy is crafted to stifle information about almost any situation. It has also been used to justify the military targeting of independent journalists and media outlets that document American atrocities. The US bombings of independent Arab media Al-Jazeera offices in Kabul, Afghanistan, and in Baghdad served to quash critical coverage of the wars.<\/p>\n

Photographers have been increasingly held back from combat zones. James Lee, a photojournalist embedded with a Marine unit, told the Times<\/em> that he was thwarted by commanders from entering Basra during the massive air assault and raid offensive in April. He was told the military brass \u201cdid not want any Western eyes down there.\u201d<\/p>\n

As with Fallujah in 2004, the sieges on Basra and Sadr City constituted major war crimes. Over the course of a few days, hundreds of civilians and militiamen were slaughtered. During the siege in Basra, hospital and health officials were prohibited from speaking to independent journalists. American media dutifully reported Pentagon talking points, referring to killed civilians\u2013even when children were counted among the dead\u2013as \u201cterrorists,\u201d or at best \u201ccollateral damage.\u201d<\/p>\n

Such suppression of the truth is an expression of the larger crime of the war. More fundamentally, however, military censorship and the self-censoring of the media reflect the immense and growing militarization of American political life.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Naomi Spencer | Five years of bloody US occupation have seen numerous crimes against humanity unfold in Iraq. Millions of Iraqi civilians have been killed and wounded, with millions more made into refugees. Ancient, once-vibrant cities have been destroyed by air raids and chemical weapons. Thousands of Iraqis have imprisoned by the US military […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,16],"tags":[38,59],"class_list":{"0":"post-4218","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-contributions","7":"category-war-terrorism","8":"tag-iraq","9":"tag-military"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4218"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4218\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}