{"id":4136,"date":"2008-07-16T14:50:38","date_gmt":"2008-07-16T13:50:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/?p=4136"},"modified":"2008-07-16T14:50:38","modified_gmt":"2008-07-16T13:50:38","slug":"court-backs-bush-on-military-detentions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/politics\/court-backs-bush-on-military-detentions\/","title":{"rendered":"Court Backs Bush on Military Detentions"},"content":{"rendered":"

By ADAM LIPTAK<\/span><\/a>\u00a0| President Bush has the legal power to order the indefinite military detentions of civilians captured in the United States, the federal appeals court in Richmond, Va., ruled on Tuesday in a fractured 5-to-4 decision.<\/p>\n

But a second, overlapping 5-to-4 majority of the court, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, ruled that Ali al-Marri<\/span><\/a>, a citizen of Qatar now in military custody in Charleston, S.C., must be given an additional opportunity to challenge his detention in federal court there. An earlier court proceeding, in which the government had presented only a sworn statement from a defense intelligence official, was inadequate, the second majority ruled.<\/p>\n

The decision was a victory for the Bush administration, which had maintained that a 2001 Congressional authorization to use military force after the Sept. 11 attacks granted the president the power to detain people living in the United States.<\/p>\n

The court effectively reversed a divided three-judge panel of its own members, which ruled last year that the government lacked the power to detain civilians legally in the United States as enemy combatants. That panel ordered the government either to charge Mr. Marri or to release him. The case is likely to reach the Supreme Court<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n

How helpful the decision will be to Mr. Marri remains to be seen, as the majority that granted him some relief was notably vague about what the new court proceeding should look like. In that respect, Tuesday\u2019s decision resembled last month\u2019s decision from the United States Supreme Court<\/span><\/a> granting habeas corpus<\/span><\/a> rights to prisoners held at Guant\u00c3\u00a1namo Bay.<\/p>\n

Mr. Marri is the only person on the American mainland known to be held as an enemy combatant. The government contended, in a declaration from the defense intelligence official, Jeffrey N. Rapp, that Mr. Marri was a Qaeda sleeper agent sent to the United States to commit mass murder and disrupt the banking system.<\/p>\n

Mr. Marri was arrested on Dec. 12, 2001, in Peoria, Ill., where he was living with his family and studying computer science. He was charged with credit-card fraud and lying to federal agents, and was on the verge of a trial on those charges when he was moved to military detention in 2003.<\/p>\n

Brian Roehrkasse, a Justice Department spokesman, said the decision properly recognized \u201cthe president\u2019s authority to capture and detain Al Qaeda<\/span><\/a> agents who, like the 9\/11 hijackers, come to this country to commit or facilitate warlike acts against American civilians.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mr. Roehrkasse added that while the department believed that Mr. Marri \u201chad already received all the process he was due,\u201d its lawyers were \u201cstudying the court\u2019s decision and will respond to Mr. Marri\u2019s contentions\u201d before the trial judge.<\/p>\n

Jonathan L. Hafetz, a lawyer for Mr. Marri with the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University School of Law<\/span><\/a>, called the Fourth Circuit\u2019s decision deeply disturbing.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis decision means the president can pick up any person in the country \u2013 citizen or legal resident \u2013 and lock them up for years without the most basic safeguard in the Constitution, the right to a criminal trial,\u201d Mr. Hafetz said.<\/p>\n

The 216-page decision included seven opinions, none of which commanded a majority. The only common ground was four unsigned paragraphs at the beginning of the decision summarizing the result.<\/p>\n

The Fourth Circuit is generally considered the nation\u2019s most conservative federal appeals court. The closely divided and complex decision in a major terrorism case therefore came as something of a surprise.<\/p>\n

Mr. Marri\u2019s unusual situation played a role, said Robert M. Chesney, a law professor at Wake Forest University<\/span><\/a>. Mr. Marri \u201cwas lawfully present in the U.S. and then arrested and held here, as opposed to being a noncitizen captured in a foreign land,\u201d Professor Chesney said. \u201cThis consideration makes his case more difficult even in the eyes of relatively conservative jurists.\u201d<\/p>\n

The five judges who ruled that the president has the authority to detain people captured in the United States offered differing criteria for who might be subject to such detention.<\/p>\n

Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson III said the president might detain members of organizations or nations against which Congress had authorized the use of force who mean to harm people or property to further military goals.<\/p>\n

To reverse the trial judge\u2019s decision allowing Mr. Marri\u2019s detention to continue \u201cbecause he was not captured on a foreign battlefield or foreign soil,\u201d Judge Wilkinson wrote, \u201cis akin to a judicial declaration that Congress and the executive may fight only the last war.\u201d<\/p>\n

Judge Diana Gribbon Motz, writing for herself and three other judges, disagreed, saying that Mr. Marri was at most a civilian criminal who may be prosecuted in the courts but not detained by the executive branch.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis does not mean that al Marri, or similarly situated American citizens, would have to be freed,\u201d Judge Motz wrote. \u201cLike others accused of terrorist activity in this country, from the Oklahoma City bombers to the convicted September 11th conspirator [Zacarias Moussaoui<\/span><\/a>] they could be tried on criminal charges and, if convicted, punished severely. But the government would not be able to subject them to indefinite military detention.\u201d<\/p>\n

Judge William B. Traxler Jr. was the swing vote. He agreed that Mr. Marri was subject to detention if what the government said about him was true. But Judge Traxler broke with the judges who voted against Mr. Marri across the board. Those judges said Mr. Marri had already had an adequate opportunity to challenge his detention in court, in the proceeding based on Mr. Rapp\u2019s statement. Judge Traxler said that Mr. Marri must be given a fair and meaningful opportunity to see and refute \u201cthe most reliable evidence\u201d against him, subject to national security and other concerns.<\/p>\n

The four judges who would have ordered Mr. Marri\u2019s release from military custody \u2013 Judges Motz, Roger L. Gregory, M. Blaine Michael and Robert B. King \u2013 agreed to join an order returning the case to the trial court based on Judge Traxler\u2019s middle ground. They did so, Judge Motz wrote, \u201cto give practical effect to the conclusions of the majority of the court who reject the government\u2019s position.\u201d<\/p>\n

But Judge Gregory expressed frustration over the net effect of the exercise. \u201cThere is no concrete guidance as to what further process is due\u201d Mr. Marri, he wrote.<\/p>\n

All of the judges who would have denied Mr. Marri any relief \u2013 Judges Wilkinson, Karen J. Williams, Paul V. Niemeyer and Allyson K. Duncan \u2013 were appointed by Republican presidents; all who would have granted him full relief were appointed by Democrats. Judge Traxler was appointed to the appeals court by President Bill Clinton<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n

In the conclusion of his long opinion, Judge Wilkinson said terrorism cases presented courts with special challenges.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe may never know,\u201d he said, \u201cwhether we have struck the proper balance between liberty and security, because we do not know every action the executive is taking and we do not know every threat global terror networks have in store.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By ADAM LIPTAK\u00a0| President Bush has the legal power to order the indefinite military detentions of civilians captured in the United States, the federal appeals court in Richmond, Va., ruled on Tuesday in a fractured 5-to-4 decision. But a second, overlapping 5-to-4 majority of the court, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[27,81],"class_list":{"0":"post-4136","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-politics","7":"tag-bush","8":"tag-law"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4136\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}