{"id":366100,"date":"2018-06-20T17:34:47","date_gmt":"2018-06-20T16:34:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/newswire\/the-black-athlete-has-been-involved-in-the-political-struggle-from-the-beginning\/"},"modified":"2018-06-20T17:34:47","modified_gmt":"2018-06-20T16:34:47","slug":"the-black-athlete-has-been-involved-in-the-political-struggle-from-the-beginning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/rinf.com\/alt-news\/newswire\/the-black-athlete-has-been-involved-in-the-political-struggle-from-the-beginning\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018The Black Athlete Has Been Involved in the Political Struggle From the Beginning\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Janine Jackson interviewed Howard Bryant about African-American athletes and activism for the <a href=\"https:\/\/fair.org\/home\/howard-bryant-on-black-athletes-activism\/\">June 15, 2018, episode<\/a> of <strong>CounterSpin<\/strong>. This is a lightly edited transcript.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"wrapperMI_0\" class=\"wrap-mjp  \" style=\"padding:5px 0px 40px 0px;margin:0px;width:100%\">\n<div class=\"Eabove-mjp\" id=\"Eabove-mjp_0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"subwrap-MI\">\n<div class=\"jp-innerwrap\">\n<div class=\"innerx\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"innerleft\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"innerright\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"innertab\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"interface-mjp verdana-mjp\" style=\"height:71px\" id=\"interfaceMI_0\">\n<div class=\"MI-image Himg right-mjp\" id=\"MI_image_0\" style=\"width:auto;height:71px;overflow:hidden\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"T_mp3j_0\" class=\"player-track-title left-mjp norm-mjp plain-mjp childNorm-mjp childPlain-mjp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"bars_holder\">\n<div class=\"loadMI_mp3j\" id=\"load_mp3j_0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"poscolMI_mp3j\" id=\"poscol_mp3j_0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"posbarMI_mp3j\" id=\"posbar_mp3j_0\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"P-Time-MI_0\" class=\"jp-play-time\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"T-Time-MI_0\" class=\"jp-total-time\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"statusMI_0\" class=\"statusMI\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"transport-MI\">\n<div class=\"play-mjp\" id=\"playpause_mp3j_0\">Play<\/div>\n<div class=\"stop-mjp\" id=\"stop_mp3j_0\">Stop<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"buttons-wrap-mjp\" id=\"buttons-wrap-mjp_0\">\n<div class=\"mp3j-popout-MI\" id=\"lpp_mp3j_0\">pop out<\/div>\n<div id=\"download_mp3j_0\" class=\"dloadmp3-MI\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"mjp-volwrap\">\n<div class=\"MIsliderVolume\" id=\"vol_mp3j_0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"innerExt1\" id=\"innerExt1_0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"innerExt2\" id=\"innerExt2_0\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"Ebetween-mjp\" id=\"Ebetween-mjp_0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"listwrap_mp3j\" id=\"L_mp3j_0\">\n<div class=\"wrapper-mjp\">\n<div class=\"playlist-colour\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrapper-mjp\">\n<ul class=\"ul-mjp darken1-mjp verdana-mjp med-mjp childNorm-mjp childPlain-mjp left-mjp\" id=\"UL_mp3j_0\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div id=\"mp3j_finfo_0\" class=\"mp3j-finfo\">\n<div class=\"mp3j-finfo-sleeve\">\n<div id=\"mp3j_finfo_gif_0\" class=\"mp3j-finfo-gif\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"mp3j_finfo_txt_0\" class=\"mp3j-finfo-txt\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mp3j-finfo-close\" id=\"mp3j_finfo_close_0\">X<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mp3j_dlf_0\" class=\"mp3j-dlframe\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"mp3j-nosolution\" id=\"mp3j_nosolution_0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Ebelow-mjp\" id=\"Ebelow-mjp_0\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>MP3jPLAYLISTS.MI_0 = [<br \/>\n\t{ name: &#8220;1. 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Boyer <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/GoivpUmDWco\">suggested<\/a> that rather than sit out the national anthem, Kaepernick <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/08\/28\/sport\/nfl-colin-kaepernick-protest-sit-down-national-anthem\/index.html\">take a knee<\/a>\u2014the way, he said, soldiers take a knee in front of a fallen brother\u2019s grave, as a way to express dissent without disrespect for the military or veterans.<\/p>\n<p>That critics, including in the press, would <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/early-lead\/wp\/2016\/08\/27\/colin-kaepernick-refuses-to-stand-for-national-anthem-to-protest-police-killings\/?utm_term=.8d87eb8de702\">describe<\/a> Kaepernick\u2019s gesture as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcsports.com\/boston\/new-england-patriots\/49ers-colin-kaepernick-refusal-stand-national-anthem-ignites-controversy\">refusal to stand<\/a>, an insolent refusal to act rather than an action consciously chosen, is telling; much as many people still <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/nationworld\/ct-rosa-parks-myths-20151201-story.html\">believe<\/a> Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus because her feet were tired. Like Parks, Kaepernick is in fact engaged in thoughtful, political action\u2014in his case, the particular expression of political action that African-American athletes have engaged for decades, known informally as \u201cthe Heritage.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That history and its meaning in the present moment is the subject of a new book, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.howardbryant.net\/books\"><i>The Heritage: Black Athletes, a Divided America and the Politics of Patriotism<\/i><\/a>, out now from <b>Beacon Press<\/b>. Our next guest is its author. Howard Bryant is a senior writer for <a href=\"http:\/\/www.espn.com\"><b>ESPN.com<\/b><\/a> and <b>ESPN the Magazine<\/b>, and sports correspondent for <b>NPR<\/b>\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/programs\/weekend-edition-saturday\/\"><b>Weekend Edition Saturday<\/b><\/a>. He\u2019s also author of, among other titles, <i>Shut Out: A Story of Race and Baseball in Boston <\/i>and <i>The Last Hero: A Life of Henry Aaron<\/i>. He joins us now by phone from Massachusetts. Welcome to <b>CounterSpin<\/b>, Howard Bryant.<\/p>\n<p><b>Howard Bryant:<\/b> Thank you, Janine. How are you?<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> I\u2019m well, thanks. Well, I appreciate the way that the book enmeshes sports history in social history: Three days after Michael Jordan\u2019s NBA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nba.com\/bulls\/features\/michael-jordans-debut-30-years-ago\">debut<\/a> in 1984 was the day the NYPD <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1984\/10\/30\/nyregion\/police-kill-woman-being-evicted-officers-say-she-wielded-a-knife.html\">killed<\/a> Eleanor Bumpurs, a 66-year-old black woman with mental illness, for instance. Generally, the media separate sports, literally and figuratively, from everything else that\u2019s happening. It\u2019s an escape, it\u2019s a different world, and\u2014key to the story you tell\u2014sports, Americans tell themselves, is a meritocracy: We may have racial injustice in society, but by golly, on the field all that matters is, Can you run, or throw, or hit?<\/p>\n<p>This idea that the job of the black athlete is, in some ways, to advertise US equality, that\u2019s there from the beginning of the history of the Heritage, isn\u2019t it?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8926801\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8926801\" src=\"https:\/\/fair.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Howard-Bryant-Portrait.png\" alt=\"Howard Bryant\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Howard Bryant:\u00a0 &#8220;The black athlete is the most important and most influential and most visible black employee in the 20th century, because they\u2019re the ones who were allowed to integrate the society.&#8221; (image: PBS)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> It sure has been. And I think one of the things that\u2019s been really interesting in trying to figure out how to tell this type of story\u2014because there\u2019s so much to it\u2014is, where do you start and how do you put this together? And for me, the genesis of this had been this revival of this Heritage. If you\u2019re of a certain age, you remember <a href=\"https:\/\/www.si.com\/sportsperson\/2017\/11\/30\/colin-kaepernick-muhammad-ali-legacy-award\">Muhammad Ali<\/a>, and you remember the memories, of course, of <a href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/1987-05-03\/sports\/sp-8534_1_jackie-robinson\">Jackie Robinson<\/a>, and you remember <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/02\/13\/sports\/basketball\/13russell.html\">Bill Russell <\/a>and all of these athletes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/retropolis\/wp\/2017\/09\/24\/they-didnt-takeaknee-the-black-power-protest-salute-that-shook-the-world-in-1968\/?utm_term=.c097fda8e861\">John Carlos, Tommie Smith<\/a>, in the \u201968 Olympics; you remember these players being very prominent, and you remember them being advocates for African-Americans.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re of a different generation, if you were, say, born in the \u201980s or even the \u201990s, this revival\u2014the appearance of athletes taking a political stance, being involved in their community, being involved in social issues on a national level\u2014is completely foreign, because you grew up with the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.espn.com\/nba\/story\/_\/id\/12034228\/michael-jordan-contribution-black-issues-greater-perceived\">Michael Jordan<\/a>s and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/news\/article\/The-multicultural-golfer-Tiger-Woods-3125808.php\">Tiger Woods<\/a> being the model. So for me, what I thought was interesting and important was to remind people that the black athlete has been involved in the political struggle from the beginning, and that these players have had a very special place in American history.<\/p>\n<p>The argument that I make in the book is that the black athlete is the most important and most influential and most visible black employee in the 20th century, because they\u2019re the ones who were allowed to integrate the society, whether it was the military, whether it was education, whether it was swimming pools, it was the ball players who came first. And because of that, they\u2019ve had a responsibility to stand up and to advocate. So we recognize it when they\u2019re not there, and we remember them when they are.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8926797\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8926797\" src=\"https:\/\/fair.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Paul-Robeson-football.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Robeson, football player\" width=\"350\" height=\"490\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Paul Robeson as the first black football player at Rutgers University<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> And with that comes this bind, this visibility as a real representation of integration, and yet still being a black American. And in terms of the history and the beginning, I think a lot of folks would be very, very surprised to hear that it starts with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.si.com\/vault\/1972\/03\/27\/576460\/paul-robeson-remaking-a-fallen-hero\">Paul Robeson<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> Absolutely, it starts with Paul Robeson, and of course people don\u2019t realize that he <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nfl.com\/player\/paulrobeson\/2524309\/profile\">played<\/a> in the National Football League. He played football before he was the great baritone, before he was the great singer and the great actor and the great activist. And one of the only reasons that he left professional football was because the National Football League was integrated, and then it chose segregation until 1946.<\/p>\n<p>So when he played in 1921 and 1922, football was integrated, and then by 1923, no blacks were allowed to play in the NFL for another quarter century.<\/p>\n<p>It wasn\u2019t just Robeson to me that I gravitated toward when tracing this Heritage, it was also the fact that the African-American athletes\u2019 political roots did not start with black issues. It started with Jewish issues. It started with World War II. It started with American athletes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=91246674\">being asked<\/a> to defend America against Nazism, and Jewish athletes <a href=\"http:\/\/www.espn.com\/olympics\/news\/story?id=4396362\">asking<\/a> for solidarity against the Berlin Olympics in 1936, and also, of course, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/history\/what-paul-robeson-said-77742433\/\">asking<\/a> Jackie Robinson to denounce Paul Robeson in 1949, in support of America during the Cold War.<\/p>\n<p>So it wasn\u2019t until much later, it wasn\u2019t until you had Robinson in that testimony, receiving all of the attention for his denouncing Paul Robeson, but also inside of that testimony, he <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/speeches\/jackie-robinson-appears-before-huac\">talked<\/a> about inequality and police brutality and mistreatment of African-Americans and fairness, and all of these things that would become the foundations of this Heritage. It started with Robinson, but not along racial lines to begin with; it started with defending America.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> I find <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.ecu.edu\/sites\/cwis\/2013\/04\/jackie-robinson-testifies-before-huac\/\">Robinson\u2019s HUAC testimony<\/a> to be maybe the most moving part of the book, and such a clear\u2014first of all, a thing that\u2019s so misremembered.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> Completely. We chose to emphasize the parts that made America feel good. Which was, \u201cSee, Jackie Robinson is a real American, because he denounced Paul Robeson, the bad Negro Communist.\u201d I don\u2019t even think we misremembered everything; we just chose to ignore it. And when I started to read that testimony, when I was doing the research, I was wondering, \u201cDid I know this?\u201d I think I kind of knew this, but maybe I really didn\u2019t, either.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> Right.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> And that\u2019s what we do. We decide to omit. One of the great favorite colleagues and the great writer David Maraniss once said to me that, \u201cHistory writes people out of the story, and it\u2019s our job to write them back in,\u201d and I think that Robinson testimony is something that needed to be written back in.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> Absolutely.<\/p>\n<p>Well, history\u2019s moving along, and owners and teams are aware that integration is happening, but I like how you note that this idea that became popular, and still holds sway, that, \u201cOh, they\u2019re only looking for the best players,\u201d that that was fiction, always. And there\u2019s this note that Earl Wilson, when Earl Wilson was signed to the Boston Red Sox, the scouting report <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/4ec7e873c9442fd6681e53f37cd2bb24\">described<\/a> him as a \u201cwell-mannered colored boy, not too black, pleasant to talk to.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So you have this story of integration. But then, black athletes are making money\u2014and some of them are making a tremendous amount of money\u2014and so that gives them a bigger megaphone, and at the same time, more calls not to use it.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> For caution, absolutely, and I think that\u2019s this tension that the black athlete has that even other black entertainers don\u2019t have. Why are we now talking about Oprah Winfrey as a potential presidential candidate? Because she has money. We talk about Mark Cuban as a presidential candidate or Donald Trump as president or Michael Bloomberg as the mayor of New York, because they were all rich. When it comes to the black athlete, though, what we want from them in exchange for the money is silence.<\/p>\n<p>We don\u2019t want to hear from them. We want them to be quiet. We want them to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.philasun.com\/sports\/shut-play-hits-home\/\">shut up and play<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/early-lead\/wp\/2018\/02\/17\/no-lebron-james-wont-shut-up-and-dribble-i-am-more-than-an-athlete\/?utm_term=.27c59a2c27d7\">shut up and dribble<\/a>, and this is the one area where money is not affording you a bigger voice. And that goes back to this very interesting relationship that we tend to have with our sports figures. That there\u2019s an ownership to them, that they don\u2019t necessarily get to be citizens. Their job is to entertain us.<\/p>\n<p>And I think that\u2019s one of the areas where this Heritage has become so polarizing in a lot of ways, is this feeling of ownership is now colliding with the fact that you have this new generation of black athletes\u2014post<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2013\/06\/05\/us\/trayvon-martin-shooting-fast-facts\/index.html\">\u2013Trayvon Martin<\/a>, post-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/08\/13\/us\/ferguson-missouri-town-under-siege-after-police-shooting.html\">Ferguson<\/a>, post\u2013<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/video\/2014\/dec\/04\/i-cant-breathe-eric-garner-chokehold-death-video\">Eric Garner<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.ca\/adrienne-martin\/sandra-bland-anniversary-death_b_10960040.html\">Sandra Bland<\/a>\u2014who are now citizens, especially thanks to the prevalence of social media. They\u2019re watching these viral videos, just like the rest of us are, on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/\"><b>YouTube<\/b><\/a>, and they\u2019re looking at<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/2sI07NbC480\"> this dashcam footage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>And one of the things that one of the players, Tavon Austin, had said, who played for the St. Louis Rams, when he came out in 2014 with the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.si.com\/nfl\/2014\/11\/30\/st-louis-rams-ferguson-protests\">hands up don\u2019t shoot gesture<\/a>\u201d before a game, was:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">It\u2019s hard for me to go back to my community knowing that this is going on, knowing that I\u2019ve got a platform, and all my friends and family are looking at me, going, \u201cPeople listen to you and you\u2019re not saying anything.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s the Heritage.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> One of the things that happens in between the \u201960s, obviously and the present moment, a big thing that happens is September 11, 2001.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> Absolutely. 9\/11 is the key to me, and once again, we talk about generations. If you are of a certain generation, if you\u2019re from my generation (I was born in 1968), if you are of my generation, you were shaped by the Cold War. The Olympics were charged, obviously, because of the United States and the USSR. Everything was Cold War\u2013based, whether it was an arms race, whether it was sports, no matter what it was, you were shaped along the framework of the United States and the Russians.<\/p>\n<p>If you were born in 1985 or 1990, you were 10 or 11 years old, or 15\u201316 years old, on September 11. So therefore, the packaging of sports, this is what you know, this is all you know. If you\u2019re my son, who was born in 2004, this is how he sees the society being sold, packaged through flags and flyovers and soldiers and nationalism and support of the troops, and the conflation of police with military.<\/p>\n<p>And so now when you watch a sporting event, on the one hand, you see flags and you see police singing the national anthem, and you see camera shots of all of this law enforcement, and you have dozens of law enforcement appreciation nights at the ballpark. And at the same time, you have LeBron James <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/entry\/lebron-james-police-brutality_us_57e9814ee4b08d73b832e6b6\">talking<\/a> about police brutality, and Carmelo Anthony <a href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2015\/04\/30\/carmelo-anthony-joins-protesters-in-hometown-of-baltimore\/\">walking<\/a> arm-in-arm with his fellow Baltimore natives after Freddie Gray <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/local\/wp\/2015\/04\/28\/a-freddie-gray-primer-who-was-he-how-did-he-why-is-there-so-much-anger\/\">was killed<\/a>. And so you\u2019ve got this collision between post-9\/11 packaging and selling of sports at the ballpark, and the post-Ferguson black athlete, and that\u2019s really at its core what this book is about.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> And when we talk about selling, as you make clear in the book, immediately post\u2013September 11, a lot of it really was<em> selling<\/em>, it really was the Defense Department <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2015\/11\/04\/millions-paid-pro-teams-patriotic-events-sens-flake-mccain-say\/75141688\/\">using<\/a> these sporting events to recruit.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8926802\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8926802\" src=\"https:\/\/fair.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Pentagon-NFL.jpg\" alt=\"Military display at the 2016 Pro Bowl (photo: DoD\/Christopher Hubenthal)\" width=\"350\" height=\"257\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Military display at the 2016 Pro Bowl (photo: DoD\/Christopher Hubenthal)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> Absolutely. One hundred percent. I had a conversation with a three-star general, Russel Honor\u00e9, who was tremendous in trying to get the clean-up and the restoration after Hurricane Katrina back on track after all of that disaster.<\/p>\n<p>And the general and I had a very long conversation about this, about the Pentagon <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/nation\/la-na-pentagon-soldiers-pro-games-20151104-story.html\">using<\/a> sports as a recruiting tool, and the sports leagues themselves <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/maurybrown\/2015\/10\/02\/how-the-nfl-redefined-the-word-greed-by-charging-the-military-to-honor-troops\/#d98744676bc2\">charging<\/a> the National Guards and the Department of Defense to put on these inauthentic displays of patriotism\u2014whether it was the surprise homecomings or the flags or the singing of \u201cGod Bless America\u201d\u2014that all of these different acts were being charged as services by the sports teams to the National Guards across the country, and they didn\u2019t tell anybody. It was a deception. It wasn\u2019t until John McCain and Jeff Flake, the two Arizona Republican senators, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/entry\/defense-military-tributes-professional-sports_us_5639a04ce4b0411d306eda5e\">came out with their report<\/a> talking about how inauthentic and what a deception this was, that taxpayer dollars were being used for these sort of phony displays.<\/p>\n<p>And I asked the general, and I said, \u201cWell, you know, maybe I just want my 12-year-old to be a kid. Maybe when he goes to a Red Sox game, I just want him to enjoy the game and that\u2019s it. I don\u2019t want him to be surreptitiously recruited by the Army.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>General Honor\u00e9 said, \u201cWell, that\u2019s too bad. I tell the parents, hold on to those little SOBs as long as you can, because we need them to man the force. And maybe there\u2019s going to be some kid who goes to a Dallas Cowboys game and looks up and sees an F-14 flying over before the game, that\u2019s going to motivate him to join the service.\u201d That\u2019s where we are right now.<\/p>\n<p>And so one of the interesting reactions that I\u2019ve gotten from this has been twofold. One is, \u201cWell, yeah, the Army should do this, this is what we need to do, this is where we are.\u201d Another response has been, \u201cWell, OK, paid patriotism is a deception. There\u2019s no question about that, that it\u2019s not organic. We know that, that these teams are taking money, but it\u2019s a harmless deception, because it\u2019s for the right reasons.\u201d And I find that to be so incongruous; if it\u2019s for the right reasons, if it\u2019s supposed to be noble, then why are we deceiving the public? It\u2019s a really interesting place we\u2019re in right now.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> And who is getting to decide that that is the right reason?<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8926803\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8926803\" src=\"https:\/\/fair.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/The-Heritage.jpg\" alt=\"The Heritage: Black Athletes, A Divided America and the Politics of Patriotism\" width=\"350\" height=\"438\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Heritage <em>(<strong>Beacon Press<\/strong>)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> And who gets to decide, and that\u2019s the other thing I very much enjoyed in the book, especially in the middle chapters. The original title of this book was <i>War Games<\/i>, it was not <i>The Heritage<\/i>; it was <i>War Games<\/i>. I think the subtitle was <i>The Players, The Flag and Protest in a Militarized America<\/i>. That was the original title, but as we started to go back, I began to realize, I didn\u2019t want to assume how much of this Heritage people knew. I realized that I had to keep it to the ballplayers, and I put the war games section of the book in the middle.<\/p>\n<p>And one of the things that I really enjoyed about this section was talking to veterans and hearing veterans say, \u201cWe don\u2019t want to be treated as props.\u201d And chapter 7 of the book is titled \u201cProps,\u201d where veterans talk about not wanting to be used by these sports teams to sell camo jerseys and to sell their sports teams and to make billionaires even richer. The players themselves, some of them have issues with it, but the veterans are the ones who to me are really the conscience of those sections, because they know better. They don\u2019t want to be used by these billion-dollar sports teams to sell a product.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> Well, yes, this is social history. I hope folks won\u2019t pick it up looking for play-by-plays.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> There\u2019s no play-by-play in this book.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> But then, as you\u2019ve said, there is this conflation that happens, of the military with the police, and that brings us to today. But then this funny idea that folks like Kaepernick, that folks who take a knee, that when LeBron <a href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/3624684\/lebron-james-i-cant-breathe-eric-garner\/\">wears<\/a> an \u201cI Can\u2019t Breathe\u201d shirt, that that is <em>introducing<\/em> politics into sports.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> That\u2019s right. And that is a very interesting dance that people have negotiated with themselves. That when you see Colin Kaepernick&#8230;. In fact, <b>ESPN<\/b> hired a focus group with the Republican pollster Frank Luntz, and Luntz went and asked these people in this focus group, because the ratings went down dramatically when there were images of Colin Kaepernick on the field, and he would ask them why was the reaction to Kaepernick so visceral and so strong, and their reaction was, \u201cWell, we don\u2019t want politics in our sports.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And then Luntz said to the focus group, \u201cWell, that\u2019s a little disingenuous, isn\u2019t it? Because the ratings went very high when we showed you flags and we showed you soldiers and you saw jets and things at the ballpark.\u201d And the reaction from the focus group was, \u201cWell, that\u2019s not politics; that\u2019s patriotism.\u201d So the sports fan has made a negotiation; they\u2019ve actually partitioned politics from patriotism, and they believe this, even though I don\u2019t think there\u2019s anything more political than a country\u2019s flag.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> I guess as a critic I do lay some of this at media\u2019s feet. I always remember a quote from <b>USA Today<\/b>, which I wish I had in front of me, but it was about people demonstrating about trade agreements. And they said that these agreements, although they haven\u2019t interested &#8220;the public,&#8221; they\u2019ve galvanized &#8220;activists&#8221; around the world. And I loved that sort of linguistic sleight-of-hand that, as the public, fine, you can have an opinion, but once you get together with others, once you go out into the street, once you demonstrate an opinion, well, you\u2019re an activist.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> You\u2019re still a citizen. You\u2019re still the public. It\u2019s the same thing.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8926805\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8926805\" src=\"https:\/\/fair.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Toni-Smith-Thompson.jpg\" alt=\"Toni Smith-Thompson\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Toni Smith-Thompson<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> I want to highlight how many stories in the book are <i>not<\/i> Colin Kaepernick. There\u2019s Toni Smith-Thompson, the college basketball player who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2003\/02\/26\/sports\/college-basketball-player-s-protest-over-the-flag-divides-fans.html\">turned her back<\/a> on the anthem in 2002; there\u2019s the Detroit Piston, whose name is escaping me, who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1993\/02\/21\/sports\/pro-basketball-polynice-ends-hunger-strike.html\">went on a hunger strike<\/a> in \u201893.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> Olden Polynice.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> Olden Polynice, exactly. But in a way, <i>The Heritage<\/i> is about, the bigger the spotlight, in a way, on the athlete, and what do they do with it? So now we\u2019re in 2018. The NFL\u2019s response to Kaep versus Trump is to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/sports\/football\/ct-spt-nfl-national-anthem-policy-20180523-story.html\">say<\/a>, you have to stand for the anthem or stay in the locker room or otherwise you\u2019re fined, and the Eagles are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/eagles-white-house-visit-canceled-tuesday-trump-disinvites-philadelphia-eagles-super-bowl-champions-over-national-anthem-dispute\/\">disinvited<\/a> to the White House, where they weren\u2019t going anyway. It\u2019s not that we haven\u2019t come forward, or that things haven\u2019t changed, but so much of the push and pull feels very familiar.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> It does. I think the tension in the book, to me, has always been \u201cblack body over black brain.\u201d This tension in and of itself is, in a lot of ways, the book. Because the reason why we still look to these athletes is because the black brain is not being respected and being exploited and being encouraged nearly as much as the black body. We still look to these athletes and we still look to these entertainers and we still look to these singers and everyone, even at a time when this entire notion of a Heritage, and this entire notion of athletics, was supposed to open the door to education, and to open the door to these other pursuits.<\/p>\n<p>So you didn\u2019t have to look at a Jackie Robinson as your leader. You could look at a doctor, a lawyer, a senator, the same way you do with other races. At a time when you\u2019re looking at these athletes, who are making incredible amounts of money, more than they ever have, but at the same time, they\u2019re <a href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/3827196\/why-student-athletes-fail\/\">coming out of college less and less and less educated<\/a>. So that tension leaves you with the players still; we still look to LeBron James to be the peacemaker, and we look to Dwyane Wade, and we look to these players to, now, because they\u2019re so tied with these mega-corporations, we look to them to sort of be the bridge between black and white, which is very different than the Muhammad Ali days, where they were straight advocates for African-Americans.<\/p>\n<p>So at the same time when you have \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/early-lead\/wp\/2018\/02\/17\/no-lebron-james-wont-shut-up-and-dribble-i-am-more-than-an-athlete\/?utm_term=.1afd62de8309\">shut up and dribble<\/a>,\u201d you have player prominence becoming greater and greater and greater, and you just wonder if that time is going to come when the player recedes and then the intellectual, the black intellectual, can take over, where I think they always should have been in the first place.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> Let me ask you what kind of reaction you\u2019re getting. I think you\u2019re pretty early in taking this book around, but what kind of reaction do you expect to get, and what sorts of conversations are you looking to spur here?<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> The reaction that I get has been very similar to the reactions that I always tend to get when I do these projects. One is there\u2019s the immediate shouting: \u201cOh, well, you\u2019re attacking the police,\u201d and \u201cOh, this is going to be controversial,\u201d and \u201cOh, you\u2019re never going to work again, and no one\u2019s going to take an interest in this.\u201d That\u2019s always the initial reaction.<\/p>\n<p>And then the book comes out and then people start reading, and then we start discussing. We start discussing how we feel about patriotism. We start discussing the president essentially trying to deny citizenship of Americans for protesting. We discuss how we feel about our civil liberties being attacked, or essentially turning sporting events into nationalistic pep rallies.<\/p>\n<p>And now all of a sudden, you get a different response, and that response is, you\u2019ve got good-thinking citizens of all stripes, and they\u2019re saying, \u201cIt\u2019s about time. It\u2019s about time we actually talk about this.\u201d And so that\u2019s always been the rewarding thing, and I think to me, the conversations that I always try to spur when I do any project, is to think about who we are and to think about where we are in this country, and to always consider the accountability factor of the people who are pulling the strings here. The power of the corporation, whether it\u2019s a sports league or whether it\u2019s the military and the Department of Defense, that the power that these institutions have, is steering us in ways, and we\u2019re not even paying attention.<\/p>\n<p>The one thing, Janine, that I\u2019ve been fascinated and somewhat disappointed about, but also encouraged, because maybe we can think about these things more, is the number of people, almost 20 years post-9\/11, who devour sports and see the flag at the 50-yard line, and they see the Law Enforcement Appreciation Days, and they know the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.espn.com\/mlb\/story\/_\/id\/14173360\/mlbs-nfl-paid-showings-patriotism-cost-fans-more-ways-one\">paid patriotism story<\/a>, that this was a deception. But then when it all gets put together, they say, \u201cI never thought of it that way.\u201d So hopefully, we\u2019ll do a little bit more thinking, and we\u2019ll see what some of these institutions are doing to us, and how they\u2019re trying to manipulate us.<\/p>\n<p><b>JJ:<\/b> We\u2019ve been speaking with Howard Bryant. The new book is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.howardbryant.net\/books\"><i>The Heritage: Black Athletes, a Divided America and the Politics of Patriotism<\/i><\/a>. It\u2019s out now from <b>Beacon Press<\/b>. Howard Bryant, thank you so much for joining us this week on <b>CounterSpin<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><b>HB:<\/b> Oh, my pleasure. Thank you.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"et_bloom_bottom_trigger\"><\/span><br \/>\nThis piece was reprinted by <a href=\"http:\/\/rinf.com\">RINF Alternative News<\/a> with permission from <a href=\"https:\/\/fair.org\/home\/the-black-athlete-has-been-involved-in-the-political-struggle-from-the-beginning\/\">FAIR<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Janine Jackson interviewed Howard Bryant about African-American athletes and activism for the June 15, 2018, episode of CounterSpin. This is a lightly edited transcript. Play Stop pop out X MP3jPLAYLISTS.MI_0 = [ { name: &#8220;1. 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