US/IRAQ: Pressure to Cut Costs, Troops Strains “Surge”我们/伊拉克：压力，以降低成本，部队株“风”
By 通过 Jim Lobe 吉姆叶 | Growing impatience in Congress over the enormous costs being racked up by the Iraq war, as well as the Pentagon’s belief that it needs more troops in Afghanistan to fight insurgents there, is putting the vaunted success of the George W. Bush administration’s “surge” strategy to the test. | 越来越不耐烦，在国会对巨大的成本正在racked由伊拉克战争，以及五角大楼的信仰，它需要更多的部队在阿富汗打击叛乱分子在那里，是把吹嘘的成功，布什政府'的“风”战略的考验。
Although the House of Representatives appears poised to approve an additional 163 billion dollars Thursday for military operations in both Iraq and Afghanistan through the end of the year, most observers believe that Congress will impose unprecedented conditions on Iraq-related spending.虽然美国国会众议院似乎准备批准增加1630.0亿美元，周四的军事行动在伊拉克和阿富汗，通过今年年底，大多数观察家认为，国会将施加了前所未有的条件对伊拉克有关的开支。 This could include requirements that the Iraqi government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki pay substantially more in reconstruction and related costs than it has to date.这可能包括要求伊拉克政府总理nouri基地-马利基的薪酬大幅度增加，在重建和相关费用比迄今已。
The argument that Baghdad must bear more of the burden gained momentum last week when the Pentagon’s Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction reported that Iraq’s oil revenue in 2008 should exceed 70 billion dollars, twice as much as had been forecast just a few months before.论据，巴格达必须承担更多的负担，取得势头在上周时，五角大楼的特别监察长伊拉克重建报告说，伊拉克的石油收入在2008年应超过70亿美元，两倍多，因为已经预测，在短短数之前的几个月。
That report, which comes amid growing concern here over the weak domestic economy, has fueled efforts by a bipartisan group of senators to halt virtually all US funding for major reconstruction and infrastructure projects in Iraq.该报告，其中正值日益关注，在这里较疲软的国内经济，议论纷纷，努力由一个跨党派小组的参议员停止几乎所有美国的资金，重大的重建和基础设施项目，在伊拉克。
Indeed, the Senate Armed Services Committee voted unanimously last week to approve a bill that would ban the Pentagon from funding any reconstruction or infrastructure project in Iraq that costs more than two million dollars.事实上，美国参议院军事委员会投票一致同意在上周批准一项法案，将禁止五角大楼从资金，任何重建或基础设施项目在伊拉克的费用超过两百万美元。 Similar legislation is expected to be taken up by the House.类似的法例，预计将要采取的行动由内务。
“This is the first significant bipartisan change in our policy toward Iraq,” declared Republican Sen. Susan Collins, one of the sponsors of the legislation after last week’s vote, while the committee chairman, Sen. Carl Levin said Iraq’s failure to pay reconstruction costs was “unconscionable (and) inexcusable” given the windfall it has received from the stunning rise in world oil prices. “这是首次重大两党改变我们的对伊拉克政策” ，宣布共和党参议员苏珊科林斯，提案国之一的法例后，上周的表决，而委员会主席，参议员卡尔列文说，伊拉克的失败支付重建费用是“不合情理（和）不可原谅的： ”鉴于横财，已收到来自令人惊叹的崛起，在世界石油价格。
Another provision of the same bill would require Iraq’s government to pay the salaries and training costs of the predominantly Sunni militias, or so-called “sahwa” or “Awakening” councils, on which the US has been spending roughly 27 million dollars a month.另一个提供相同的条例草案将要求伊拉克政府支付的薪酬和培训费用为主的逊尼派民兵的武装，或所谓的“ sahwa ”或“觉醒”议会，这是美国一直开支近27亿美元一个月。
Despite US pressure, the al-Maliki government has strongly resisted integrating the vast majority of the estimated 90,000 members of these militias — most of which were previously part of the Sunni insurgency — into the army or police for fear that they will eventually turn their guns on the regime.尽管美国的压力，该基地-马利基政府坚决抵制整合的绝大多数，估计9.0万成员，这些民兵-其中大多数是以前的一部分，逊尼派叛乱-进入军队或警察因害怕他们会最终把他们的枪对政权。
The result has been growing frustration on the part of the militias, frustration that reportedly was significantly enhanced last month after al-Maliki enlisted thousands of members of the Badr Organisation into the government’s security forces during fighting with Moqtada al-Sadr’s Mahdi Army in Basra and Sadr City in Baghdad.结果，已日益感到沮丧对部分民兵的武装，沮丧据说，大大提高了上个月后，铝-马利基征召数以千计的成员，巴德尔组织纳入政府的安全部队在战斗与moqtada萨德尔的支持者马赫迪军队在巴士拉和萨德尔城在巴格达。 The Badr Organisation is the armed wing of the Shi’a Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council (SIIC), the strongest party in the coalition.巴德尔组织是武装派别的什叶派伊拉克伊斯兰最高理事会（ siic ） ，最强烈的党的联盟。
Both the intra-Shi’a conflict between the Sadrists and the government and the growing anger of the sahwa militias — most recently dramatised by a series of strikes and public protests and by an increasing number of attacks on US and Iraqi forces in al-Anbar province and other Sunni strongholds where the militias have kept the peace for most of the past year — have resulted in a sharp rise in both Iraqi and US casualties over the past two months, threatening the security gains made by the surge.无论是内部什叶派之间的冲突sadrists和政府的日益愤怒的sahwa民兵-最d ramatised最近通过一系列的罢工和公众的抗议和由越来越多的攻击，美军和伊拉克军队在安巴尔省省和其他逊尼派据点的地方民兵保持和平的大部分在过去一年-已导致在急剧上升，在伊拉克和美军的伤亡人数在过去两个月中，威胁安全所取得的成果的激增。
The surge, which was initiated in February 2007, was aimed at pacifying both al-Anbar province and the capital by adding some 30,000 US troops to the 140,000 already deployed to Iraq to stop and reverse the drift to sectarian civil war between Sunnis and the various Shi’a militias.风，这是发起于2007年2月，目的是平息双方基地安巴尔省和资本加入一些3.0万美军向140000已经部署到伊拉克，制止和扭转的漂移，以教派之间的内战，逊尼派和各什叶派民兵。 Its strategic aim was to foster a climate of peace and stability that would encourage all factions to make the political compromises necessary for national reconciliation.其战略目的是促进气氛的和平与稳定，这将鼓励所有派别作出政治妥协的必要，为民族和解。
While the surge made substantial headway in achieving its tactical goals of improving security — with the critical help of the sahwa militias which had mostly broken with al Qaeda in Iraq and allied themselves with the US even before the surge got underway — its strategic goal of political reconciliation has been far more elusive.而激增，取得了重大进展，在实现其战术目标，改善安全-与关键帮助的s ahwa民兵，其中大多破碎与盖达组织在伊拉克和盟军自己与美国，甚至前激增了正在进行中-其战略目标的政治和解已远远更加渺茫。
Moreover, the surge’s tactical success has failed to translate into additional popular or Congressional support for the war at home.此外，风的战术，成功并没有转化为额外的流行或国会对伊拉克战争的支持在家里。 As a result, the Bush administration, which promised months ago to withdraw the 30,000 surge troops by the end of July, is adhering to its pledge, leaving fewer troops to ensure that a new round of violence does not break out.因此，布什政府承诺个月前撤回3.00万激增部队由七月底的，就是坚持其承诺，离开较少部队，以确保新一轮的暴力不会爆发。
At the same time, the Pentagon leadership is pressing the White House to continue the drawdown from Iraq beyond July so that it can deploy the three brigades — between 10,000 and 12,000 troops — it says it needs to cope with the Taliban and their allies in Afghanistan.在同一时间内，五角大楼的领导，是迫切的白宫继续缩编从伊拉克7月以后，以便它能够部署三个旅-之间的1 0000和1 2000部队-它表示，它需要以应付塔利班和他们的盟友在阿富汗。 While Bush has announced that there will be at least a 45-day pause to assess the impact of the surge withdrawal after July, the pressure on him to resume the process — not only from the Pentagon, but from Republican candidates in the November elections — is expected to be intense.而布什已宣布将有至少45天的暂停，以评估的影响，风撤出后， 7月，压力对他的恢复过程-不仅是来自五角大楼，但由共和党的候选人在1 1月的选举-预计将在激烈的。
Republican backing for the Armed Services Committee bill banning additional spending on major reconstruction projects and support for the sahwa militias is clearly seen by both the administration and the promoters of the surge as a worrisome portent, and not only for maintaining the relative — albeit fragile — peace that has prevailed for much of the past year.共和党支持的武装服务委员会的条例草案，禁止额外开支就重大重建项目和支持为sahwa民兵是清楚地看到，无论是政府和推动者激增，作为一个令人担忧的预兆，而不是只为保持相对-尽管是脆弱的-和平占了上风的大部分时间过去一年的工作。
One of the surge’s architects, Frederick Kagan of the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), said that legislation would “do catastrophic damage to our image in the world, particularly the Muslim world…The argument that Iraq should use its oil revenues to pay the United States sounds like the ultimate proof that we invaded Iraq for mercenary reasons.”其中激增的建筑师，冯检卡冈的美国企业研究所（成人） ，他说，立法会“灾难性的损害我们的形象，在世界上，尤其是穆斯林世界的…的说法，伊拉克应利用其石油收入支付美国听起来像最终证明我们入侵伊拉克对雇佣军的原因“ 。
Ending US funding for the sahwa militias, in particular, will pose a critical — and long overdue — test of the surge strategy, according to a number of observers, who see Maliki’s failure to integrate them as a critical stumbling block to national reconciliation.结束美国的拨款，以便sahwa民兵，特别是将构成一个关键-早该-测试的激增战略，根据一些观察员，谁见马利基的失败使他们作为一个重要的绊脚石民族和解。
“If the Awakenings are not integrated into the national security forces, then there is little hope for political accommodation or for lasting security and the US is effectively trapped,” according to Marc Lynch, an expert at George Washington University whose blog, abuaardvark.com, is widely read here. “如果awakenings是没有融入国家安全部队，那么是希望渺茫的政治住宿或为持久的安全和美国是有效被困， ”根据马克林奇，一位专家在乔治华盛顿大学的博客， abuaardvark.com ，是广泛的读这里。 “Since all other forms of persuasion seem to have failed, it’s time to give Maliki an ultimatum…If he gives in, then there may finally be some hope for political accommodation…” “由于所有其他形式的游说似乎已经失败，它的时间，让马利基最后通牒… …如果他在，那么有可能最终带来一些希望政治住宿… … ”
“The downside is that if Maliki doesn’t go along…then things may well get ugly. “坏处是，如果马利基不走…那么，事情可能得到的丑恶。 But all signs suggests that they will get ugly anyway — and better that they get ugly while the US is at the highest troop levels it will ever have,” Lynch wrote.但种种迹象表明，他们将得到丑陋的，无论如何-和更好的，他们得到的丑陋，而美国是在部队的最高水平，它永远不会有， “林奇写道。
“If Maliki won’t do this now, when US troop levels are high and security is relatively better, with the shadow of a new president who likely will not continue to offer an open-ended commitment, then he never will…and everyone should know this.” “如果马利基是不会这样做的现在，当美国部队各级高和安全是相对较好，与阴影，新总统谁可能不会继续提供一个不限成员名额的承诺，那么他永远也不会… …和每个人都应该知道这一点。 “
*Jim Lobe’s blog on US foreign policy, and particularly the neo-conservative influence in the Bush administration, can be read at http://www.ips.org/blog/jimlobe/. *吉姆叶的博客对美国的外交政策，特别是新保守主义的影响，在布什政府，可以看到在http://www.ips.org/blog/jimlobe/ 。
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