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Traduzca:
             
Abusadores Nosotros-Entrenados de los derechos humanos
Martes 21 de abril de 2009
Presidente Barack Obama ha invertido algunas de las políticas más notorias de la administración de Bush que violaba derechos humanos y derecho internacional, tal como el encierro anunciado del centro de la detención en Guantánamo. Pero permanece ser visto en qué medida él conducirá a militares hacia el respecto por derechos humanos, y cambia la impunidad institucional a la cual los comandantes y los E.E.U.U. americanos los aliados militares han hecho acostumbrados. El mes pasado, los comandantes combativos vinieron antes de congreso hacer su caso para financiar. Principal almirante James Stavridis del comando meridional no vaciló decir cómo los fondos críticos están para el entrenamiento militar, especialmente la escuela anterior de las Américas (ahora llamadas el instituto occidental del hemisferio para la cooperación de la seguridad). “El camaraderie desarrollado entre nuestros oficiales de los militares en estas instituciones,” Stavridis dijo, “y las escuelas' énfasis fuerte en valores democráticos y respecto por derechos humanos son críticas a crear los establecimientos militares capaces de operaciones combinadas eficaces.” Pero qué evidencia es allí que las unidades militares específicas en 149 otras naciones que reciben los E.E.U.U. ¿la ayuda de entrenamiento y otra respeta realmente derechos humanos más después de recibir el entrenamiento? La legislación conocida como la “ley de Leahy” desde 1997 ha prohibido los E.E.U.U. la ayuda a las unidades militares extranjeras que han confiado derechos humanos gruesos abusa. Pero el foco está en los abusos confiados antes de que se dé la ayuda. Los Estados Unidos no conducen ninguna evaluación institucional de los impactos de los derechos humanos de su ayuda militar después de que hayan dado. Está él los estudiantes, o el entrenamiento De hecho, el contrario es a veces verdad. Un estudio de la escuela de los graduados de Américas en 2005 encontró que los soldados que tomaban más de un curso en la escuela eran varias veces más probables alegado haber confiado abusos que los que tomaron apenas un curso. Un estudio 2006 por el RAND Corporation encontró que los E.E.U.U. el entrenamiento militar apoyó las fuerzas que continuaron confiando violaciones gruesas en Paquistán y Uzbekistan. Las demandas similares se podían hacer sobre la ayuda dada a Iraq y a Israel, para considerar dos ejemplos obvios. En Colombia, la beca de la reconciliación y de los datos repasados de la Amnistía Internacional sobre las unidades de ejército que reciben los E.E.U.U. ayuda - especialmente entrenando. We found that nearly half (47%) of civilian killings reportedly committed by the army in 2007 were committed by units that had been reviewed and received U.S. assistance in 2006 and 2007. Many more were committed by units from which individual officers were drawn and received leadership and other training at U.S. military schools. Periodic evaluation is a basic prerequisite for any government program, but especially one that imparts lethal skills and equipment. As Congress’ comptroller, the General Accountability Office should study whether assistance is fulfilling U.S. human rights policy objectives. Instead its reports focus on limited questions of efficiency in the use of funds. A GAO evaluation of Plan Colombia last year, for example, that was two years in the making, didn’t once address the impacts on respect for human rights - for good or bad - of the $5 billion in U.S. military aid to Colombia since 2000. In Colombia, progress on human rights is measured by macro-factors, such as overall levels of political violence, instead of by violations by the institutions that were directly assisted by the United States or by the extent that those violations were prosecuted in civilian courts. The result is that, while political violence has diminished as a result of dominion by the State and - in many areas - the mafia, over insurgent groups, killings of civilians by the Army trained and equipped by the United States has risen dramatically, 72% since 2002. The Colombian military’s long history of gross human rights abuses should have suggested long ago that the departments of State and Defense evaluate their military training for human rights. But although international military training aims to “emphasize an understanding of internationally recognized human rights,” the military doesn’t evaluate human rights performance, either. The U.S. Southern Command, for example, typically measures success of training by promotions of officers receiving assistance, by the officers’ positive image of the United States, and whether they rise to positions of prominence such as defense attaché, or even the presidency. Addressing the Problem Periodic evaluation of the human rights performance of military training beneficiaries could draw on information already gathered by U.S. embassies from local courts, human rights NGOs, intelligence and enforcement agencies, and media reports. Basic criteria for evaluation should include whether there are credible reports of beneficiaries or troops under their command committing gross human rights abuses, and whether civilian courts are successfully trying those crimes. This evaluation should be transparent and made available to the public, and it should apply to assistance given through the Defense Department and other agencies, as well as the State Department. Policymakers aren’t given to asking “why” questions. In the case of the human rights performance of client armies viewed as strategic allies, however, we should all be asking: If the United States is excluding abusive units from assistance, and training the rest in human rights, why so many of these armies continue abuse and kill their civilian compatriots? In the meantime, where the results of U.S. assistance are executions, torture, forced displacement, and other violations, the Obama administration should terminate military aid and cooperation. © 2009 Foreign Policy In Focus Have Your Say: US-Trained Human Rights Abusers Please read our posting guidelines before posting. Alternatively you can discuss this report here. Related News
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