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5月26日月曜日のTh 2008年
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人権ウォッチ | イラクの米国軍は管理に運ぶ子供が子供として彼らの状態に従って、および独立したモニターへのある特定の敏速な裁判の再審理およびアクセス、今日言われる人権ウォッチ扱われることを保障するべきである。 5月22日に国際条約の米国の承諾を見直すために、州が制御の下でそのような子供の回復そして再統合と助けるように要求する子供の兵士ジュネーブでの使用を禁止している子供の権利の国連委員会は会う。

イラクの多国籍力として作動する米国の軍の権限は2008年5月12日現在に移した513人のイラクの子供を」、あり、イラクの管理に他の子供の不明の番号を「保証への命令的な脅威として握る。 イラク(UNAMI)の国際連合の援助の代表団による最近のレポートに従って、イラクの管理の子供は暴行の危険がある状態にある。

「それが直接含まれなかった対立で、米国はずっと兵士が社会を入力し直す助力子供のリーダー」、であるClarisa Bencomo、人権ウォッチの中東子供の研究者を言った。 「不運にも種類のリーダーシップがイラクで逃している」。

5月22日に米国が2002年に批准した武力紛争の子供の任意議定書の米国の承諾を見直すために、子供の権利の国連委員会はジュネーブで会う。 条約は対立にあらゆる党によって敵意の18以下人の募集そして使用禁止し、状態を物理的な、心理的な回復にすべての適切な援助および司法権か制御の下でそのような子供の社会的な再統合提供するように要求する。

2003年以来、米国は10子供の若者を含むイラクの約2,400人の子供を、同様に引き留めていた。 延滞率は25 2006年にからの月月100人の新しい子供の平均に2007年に徹底的に上がった。 米国はバグダッドの米国のキャンプの小作人でほとんどの子供を握るが、また主要な米国の軍の延滞設備、バスラの近くのキャンプBuccaで子供を握った。 米国の役人は今年初めにこれらの設備で大人から子供を分けるが、言ったり他の子供の抑留者から若者か特に傷つきやすい子供を非常に分けないこと人権ウォッチを。

In early 2007, a 17-year-old boy was reportedly strangled to death by a fellow child detainee at Camp Cropper.

Child detainees, no differently from adults, may be interrogated over the course of days or weeks by military units in the field before being sent to the main detention centers. They have no real opportunity to challenge their detention: earlier this year US officials told Human Rights Watch that children are not provided with lawyers and do not attend the one-week or one-month detention reviews after their transfer to Camp Cropper. In addition, children have very limited contact with their families. While the US does assign each child a military “advocate” at the mandatory six-month detention review, that advocate has no training in juvenile justice or child development.

As of February 2008, the reported average length of detention for children was more than 130 days, and some children have been detained for more than a year without charge or trial, in violation of the Coalition Provisional Authority memorandum on criminal procedures. That memorandum’s section on “security internee process” states, “Any person under the age of 18 interned at any time shall in all cases be released not later than 12 months after the initial date of internment.”

“The vast majority of children detained in Iraq languish for months in US military custody,” Bencomo said. “The US should provide these children with immediate access to lawyers and an independent judicial review of their detention.”

In August 2007, the United States opened Dar al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) at Camp Cropper with the stated intention to provide 600 detainees, ranging in age from 11 to 17, with educational services pending release or transfer to Iraqi custody. However, in May 2008, US military officials in Baghdad told Human Rights Watch that only “200 to 300″ of the 513 child detainees were enrolled in classes at Dar al-Hikmah. Currently, children who are excluded from the program do not receive any other educational services.

Like adults, children transferred to Iraqi custody are at risk of abuse and poor conditions of confinement. A US military official in Baghdad told Human Rights Watch this month that the US was delaying the transfer of 130 child detainees to Iraq’s al-Tobchi juvenile detention facility because of conditions there.

The UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) found that overcrowding at al-Tobchi was causing hygiene problems during visits in October and November 2007. At the time the facility was operating at close to double its normal capacity of 200 beds, and children were sharing beds or taking turns to sleep on the floor without mattresses.

To date, the United States has not released statistics on the number of children it has transferred to Iraqi custody for trial. According to UNAMI, 89 children transferred from US to Iraqi custody had been convicted of offenses by December 2007. Between December 2007 and March 2008, there was a drop of 450 children in US custody, but the United States has not made known whether they were released or transferred to Iraqi custody.

Human Rights Watch calls on US military forces in Iraq to:

• Ensure children in its custody receive prompt access to independent legal assistance and family visits;
• Provide children with prompt review of detention by an independent judicial body;
• Release children who have been detained for more than a year, in compliance with Section 6, Article 5 of Coalition Provisional Authority Memo 3 (revised) of June 27, 2004;
• Separate very young and other particularly vulnerable children from other detainees;
• Allow UNICEF, UNAMI, and other independent monitors confidential access to children in US custody;
• Refrain from transferring physical custody of children to Iraqi authorities pending trial when there is reason to believe they will be at risk of abuse; and,
• Ensure the right to education and recreation of all children in US custody.

Background

Since the declared end of the US occupation of Iraq in June 2004, detained persons should be provided due process under international human rights law. Security Council Resolution 1546 and its successors allow for internment of Iraqis “for imperative reasons of security.” However, the United States improperly uses this language to justify holding the detainees without judicial review and other basic rights, as if the operative law were the Fourth Geneva Convention on the treatment of civilians during international armed conflict.

Human rights law, as found in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, requires that all persons arrested be brought promptly before a judge, have access to legal counsel and family members, be charged with a cognizable criminal offense, and receive a prompt trial meeting international fair trial standards. It also requires states to provide every child “such measures of protection as are required by his status as a minor.”

Under international juvenile justice standards, children accused of criminal offenses must have access to specialized juvenile justice systems, with specially trained judges, prosecutors, and attorneys working in a framework of restorative justice and social rehabilitation. The arrest and detention of a child must be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. Detained children should be separated from adults, and are entitled to prompt access to legal and other appropriate assistance in challenging detention.

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This entry was posted on Monday, May 26th, 2008 at 8:43 pm and is filed under General, War & Terrorism News . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

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