US residents in military brigs?美國居民在軍事brigs ？ Govt says it’s war政府說，它的戰爭
By 通過 MATT APUZZO 馬特apuzzo | If his cell were at Guantanamo Bay, the prisoner would be just one of hundreds of suspected terrorists detained offshore, where the US says the Constitution does not apply. |如果他的細胞在關塔那摩，囚犯將只是其中的數百名恐怖分子嫌疑人被拘留境外，而美國說，憲法並不適用。 But Ali Saleh Kahlah al-Marri is a US resident being held in a South Carolina military brig; he is the only enemy combatant held on US soil.但阿里薩利赫kahlah基地- marri是一個居住在美國被關押在一南卡羅來納州的軍事準將，他是唯一的敵方戰鬥人員舉行了在美國本土。 That makes his case very different.這使得他的情況非常不同。
Al-Marri’s capture six years ago might be the Bush administration’s biggest domestic counterterrorism success story.鋁- marri的捕捉六年前，可能是布什政府的國內最大的反恐怖的成功故事。 Authorities say he was an al-Qaida sleeper agent living in middle America, researching poisonous gasses and plotting a cyberattack.當局說，他是基地組織的臥舖代理人居住在中東，美國，研究有毒氣體和策劃網絡攻擊。
To justify holding him, the government claimed a broad interpretation of the president’s wartime powers, one that goes beyond warrantless wiretapping or monitoring banking transactions.理由控股他說，政府聲稱廣義的解釋總統的戰時權力，一個超越了竊聽或監測銀行交易。 Government lawyers told federal judges that the president can send the military into any US neighborhood, capture a citizen and hold him in prison without charge, indefinitely.政府律師告訴聯邦法官認為，總統可以派軍隊到任何美國的居委會，捕捉公民和舉行他在獄中沒有收費，無限期拖延。
There is little middle ground between the two sides in al-Marri’s case, which is before a federal appeals court in Virginia.有一點之間的中間雙方在Al - marri的案件，這是前聯邦上訴法院在維吉尼亞州。 The government says the president needs this power to keep the nation safe.政府說，布什總統需要這項權力，以保持國家的安全。 Al-Marri’s lawyers say that as long as the president can detain anyone he wants, nobody is safe.鋁- marri的律師說，只要總統可以扣留任何人，他希望，沒有人是安全的。
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A Qatari national, al-Marri came to the US with his wife and five children on Sept. 10, 2001 — one day before the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington. 1卡塔爾的國家，鋁- marri來到美國，與他的妻子和五名兒童在2001年9月10日-一天前的恐怖襲擊事件發生在紐約和華盛頓。 He arrived on a student visa seeking a master’s degree in computer science from Bradley University, a small private school in Peoria, Ill.他抵達就學生簽證申請碩士學位的在計算機科學，從布拉德利大學，一個小型私人學校在皮奧里亞，伊利諾伊州
The government says he had other plans.政府說，他有其他的計劃。
According to court documents citing multiple intelligence sources, al-Marri spent months in al-Qaida training camps during the late 1990s and was schooled in the science of poisons.根據法院文件，列舉多個情報來源，鋁- marri花了個月在基地組織的訓練營地在上世紀90年代末，並在教育的科學的毒藥。 The summer before al-Marri left for the United States, he allegedly met with Osama bin Laden and Sept. 11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.夏天之前，鋁- marri前往美國，據稱他會見了烏薩馬本拉丹和9月11日的主謀哈立德謝赫穆罕默德。 The two al-Qaida leaders decided al-Marri would make a perfect sleeper agent and rushed him into the US before Sept. 11, the government says.這兩個基地組織的領導人決定鋁- marri會作出一個完美的臥舖劑，隨即被送往他進入美國之前， 9月11日，政府說。
A computer specialist, al-Marri was ordered to wreak havoc on the US banking system and serve as a liaison for other al-Qaida operatives entering this country, according to a court document filed by Jeffrey Rapp, a senior member of the Defense Intelligence Agency.一名電腦專家，鋁- marri被飭令肆虐對美國的銀行體系和服務作為一個聯絡基地組織的其他操作工進入這個國家，根據法庭文件中提交的杰弗裡拉普，一名高級成員，國防情報局。
According to Rapp, al-Marri received up to $13,000 for his trip, plus money to buy a laptop, courtesy of Mustafa Ahmad al-Hawsawi, who is suspected of helping finance the Sept. 11 attacks.根據拉普，鋁- marri收到最多一三〇 〇 〇美元為他此行，另加錢購買一台筆記本電腦，禮貌穆斯塔法艾哈邁德hawsawi ，誰是懷疑協助財務911 。
A week after the attacks, Congress unanimously passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force.一個星期之後，攻擊，國會一致通過了授權使用武力。 It gave President Bush the power to “use all necessary and appropriate force” against anyone involved in planning, aiding or carrying out the attacks.它給布什總統的權力， “使用一切必要和適當的武力” ，對任何人所涉及的規劃，協助或進行攻擊。
The FBI interviewed al-Marri that October and arrested him in December as part of the Sept. 11 investigation.美國聯邦調查局採訪基地- marri 10月，並拘捕他在12月的一部分， 9月11日調查。 He rarely had been attending classes and was failing in school, the government said.他已很少上課，並沒有在學校，政府說。
When investigators looked through his computer files, they found information on industrial chemical suppliers, sermons by bin Laden, how-to guides for making hydrogen cyanide and information about chemicals labeled “immediately dangerous to life or health,” according to Rapp’s court filing.當調查研究，通過他的電腦檔案，他們發現的資料，工業化學品供應商，布道，由拉登，如何以導遊為氰化氫和信息化學品的標示為“立即有危險的生命或健康， ”根據拉普的法院申報。 Phone calls and e-mails linked al-Marri to senior al-Qaida leaders.電話和電子郵件聯繫基地- marri高級基地組織的領導人。
In early 2003, he was indicted on charges of credit card fraud and lying to the FBI.在2003年年初，他被起訴，罪名是信用卡欺詐和說謊，美國聯邦調查局。 Like anyone else in the country, he had constitutional rights.像其他任何人在該國，他的憲法權利。 He could question government witnesses, refuse to testify and retain a lawyer.他可以質詢政府證人，拒絕作證，並保留一名律師。
On June 23, 2003, Bush declared al-Marri an enemy combatant, which stripped him of those rights.對2003年6月23日，布什宣布基地- marri敵方戰鬥人員，這剝奪了他的這些權利。 Bush wrote that al-Marri possessed intelligence vital to protect national security.布什寫道，鋁- marri擁有重要的情報，以保障國家安全。 In his jail cell in Peoria, however, he could refuse to speak with investigators.在他坐牢細胞在皮奧里亞，不過，他可以拒絕發言，與調查。
A military brig allowed more options.軍事準將允許有更多選擇。 Free from the constraints of civilian law, the military could interrogate al-Marri without a lawyer, detain him without charge and hold him indefinitely.免費從限制平民的法律，軍事，可以審問基地- marri沒有律師，扣留他未經指控和他無限期地擱置。 Courts have agreed the president has wide latitude to imprison people captured overseas or caught fighting against the US That is what the prison at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba is for.法院已同意總統具有廣泛的緯度監禁的人被俘或被捕的海外打擊美國，這是該監獄在古巴關塔那摩灣是。
But al-Marri was not in Guantanamo Bay.但鋁- marri不是在關塔那摩灣。
“The president is not a king and cannot lock people up forever in the United States based on his say-so,” said Jonathan Hafetz, a lawyer who represents al-Marri and other detainees. “總統是不是一個國王和不能鎖的人永遠在美國，根據他講的話，說： ”喬納森hafetz ，一名律師誰代表基地- marri和其他被拘留者。 “Today it’s Mr. al-Marri. “今天，它的沙雷先生- marri 。 Tomorrow it could be you, a member of your family, someone you know.明日可你的一員，您的家人，有人你知道。 Once you allow the president to lock people up for years or even life without trial, there’s no going back.”一旦你讓總統鎖的人，為年或什至生活未經審判，有沒有回頭路“ 。
Glenn Sulmasy, a national security fellow at Harvard, said the issue comes down to whether the nation is at war.格倫sulmasy ，國家安全研究員在哈佛，說，這個問題可以歸結為是否國家現在處於戰爭狀態。 Soldiers would not need warrants to launch a strike against invading troops.士兵便不須認股權證的推出一項打擊入侵的部隊。 So would they need a warrant to raid an al-Qaida safe house in a US suburb?因此，將他們需要的手令搜查一基地組織的安全眾議院在美國的郊區？
Sulmasy says no. sulmasy說，沒有。 That’s how Congress wrote the bill and “if they feel concerned about civil liberties, they can tighten up the language,” he said.這就是如何國會寫了條例草案及“如果他們覺得關心公民自由，他們可以加強語言， ”他說。
That would require the politically risky move of pushing legislation to make it harder for the president to detain suspected terrorists inside the US這將需要政治險棋，推動有關法律，使其更難主席扣留可疑恐怖分子的美國境內
Al-Marri is not the first prisoner who did not fit neatly into the definition of enemy combatant.鋁- marri是不是第一次囚犯誰不符合整齊到的定義敵方戰鬥人員。
Two US citizens, Yaser Esam Hamdi and Jose Padilla, were held at the same brig as al-Marri.兩名美國公民， yaser esam哈姆迪和何塞帕迪利亞，同時舉行準將作為基地- marri 。 But there are differences.但也有分歧。 Hamdi was captured on an Afghanistan battlefield.哈姆迪被抓就一阿富汗戰場。 Padilla, too, fought alongside the Taliban before his capture in the United States.帕迪拉，也並肩作戰，塔利班之前，他捕獲在美國。
By comparison, al-Marri had not been on the battlefield.相比之下，鋁- marri沒有在戰場上。 He was lawfully living in the United States.他是合法居住在美國。 That raises new questions.這提出了新的問題。
Did Congress really intend to give the president the authority to lock up suspected terrorists overseas but not those living here?當時國會真的有意讓總統有權鎖定了恐怖分子嫌疑人在海外，而不是那些生活在這裡出現？
If another Sept. 11-like plot was discovered, could the military imprison the would-be hijackers before they stepped onto the planes?如果另一個9月11日樣的陰謀被發現後，可能的軍事監禁了將要劫機之前，他們踏上飛機？
Is a foreign battlefield really necessary in a conflict that turned downtown Manhattan into ground zero?是一個外國戰場上確有必要在衝突中變成了曼哈頓鬧區到地面為零？
Also, if enemy combatants can be detained in the US, how long can they be held without charge?此外，如果敵方戰鬥人員可被拘留在美國多久，他們可以舉行不收費呢？ Without lawyers?沒有律師？ Without access to the outside world?獲得外部世界的呢？ Forever?永遠？
These questions play to two of the biggest fears that have dominated public policy debate since Sept. 11: the fear of another terrorist attack and the fear the government will use that threat to crack down on civil liberties.這些問題發揮的兩個最大的擔心主導的公共政策辯論，自9月11日：害怕再次遭受恐怖襲擊和恐懼，政府會利用這一威脅，嚴厲打擊公民自由權。
“If he is taken to a civilian court in the United States and it’s been proved he is guilty and it’s been proved there’s evidence to show that he’s guilty, you know, he deserves what he gets,” his brother, Mohammed al-Marri, said in a telephone interview Friday from his home in Saudi Arabia. “如果他是採取一個民事法庭在美國和它的被證明他是有罪，並它的被證明存在的證據顯示，他的罪名成立，你也知道，他不愧是什麼，他得到”他的弟弟，穆罕默德- marri ，在電話採訪中說星期五從他的家在沙特阿拉伯。 “But he’s just been taken there with no court, no nothing. “但他的正義已採取有沒有法庭，沒有什麼。 That’s shame on the United States.”這是恥辱，對美國的“ 。
Courts have gone back and forth on al-Marri’s case as it worked its way through the system.法院出爾反爾，並提出了對Al - marri的案件，因為它的工作方式，其通過該系統。 The last decision, a 2-1 ruling by a 4th US Circuit Court of Appeals panel, found that the president had crossed the line and al-Marri must be returned to the civilian court system.最後決定， 2月1日裁決，由美國第四巡迴上訴法院的小組發現，總統已經越過線和Al - marri必須返回到民事法庭制度。 Anything else would “alter the constitutional foundations of our Republic,” the judges said.一切將“改變憲法的基礎，我們的共和國， ”法官說。
The full appeals court is reviewing that decision and a ruling is expected soon.充分上訴法院現正檢討這項決定，並作出裁決，可望很快。 During arguments last year, government lawyers said the courts should give great deference to the president when the nation is at war.在去年的論據，政府的律師說，法院應該給予很大的聽從總統時，國家現在處於戰爭狀態。
“What you assert is the power of the military to seize a person in the United States, including an American citizen, on suspicion of being an enemy combatant?” Judge William B. Traxler asked. “你斷言，是權力的軍事要抓住一個人在美國，其中包括一名美國公民，被懷疑敵方戰鬥人員” ？法官威廉乙traxler問。
“Yes, your honor,” Justice Department lawyer Gregory Garre replied. “是的，您的榮譽， ”司法部律師格雷戈里garre回答。
The court seemed torn.法院似乎蹂躪。
One judge questioned why there was such anxiety over the policy.一名法官質疑為何有這樣的憂慮的政策。 After all, there have been no mass roundups of citizens and no indications the White House is coming for innocent Americans next.畢竟，有沒有大規模roundups公民和沒有任何跡象顯示，白宮是未來對無辜的美國人下一步。
Another judge said the question is not whether the president was generous in his use of power; it is whether the power is constitutional.另一位法官說，問題不在於總統是否是慷慨，在他使用的權力，這是權力是否是合憲的。
Whatever the decision, the case seems destined for the Supreme Court.無論決定，案件似乎注定是為最高法院。 In the meantime, the first military trials are set to begin soon against detainees at Guantanamo Bay.在此期間，首次軍事審判被設置為即將開始對關押在關塔那摩灣。 Al-Marri may get one, too.鋁- marri可能得到一，太。 Or he may get put back into the civilian court system.或他可能得到放回平民的法院制度。 For now, he waits.現在，他等待。
See More: 看到更多的： USA News 美國新聞Have Your Say: US residents in military brigs? 有您這樣說：美國居民在軍事brigs ？ Govt says it’s war 政府說，它的戰爭
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