美国将军规划，资源战争

Tuesday, September 23rd, 2008 星期二， 2008年9月23号

ANALYSIS: The US military sees the next 30 to 40 years as involving a state of continuous war against ideologically-motivated terrorists and competing with Russia and China for natural resources and markets, writes Tom Clonan 分析：美国军方认为，未来30年到40年涉及到一个国家的持续战争的思想动机的恐怖分子和竞争同俄罗斯和中国的自然资源和市场，写入汤姆Clonan

AS GENERAL Ray Odierno takes command of US forces in Baghdad from troop surge architect Gen David Petraeus, America has begun planning in earnest for its phased withdrawal.作为一般奥迪耶诺需要指挥美军在巴格达增兵建筑师根彼得雷乌斯，美国已开始规划在认真的分阶段撤军。

The extra brigade combat teams - or battlegroups - deployed to Iraq by Petraeus have already withdrawn and a further 8,000 troops have been diverted to Afghanistan.额外的旅战斗队-或b attlegroups-部署在伊拉克的增兵已经撤回，进一步80 00部队已转移到阿富汗。

In January, the next president of the United States will conclude America’s timetable for withdrawal in final negotiations with the Iraqi government.今年1月，明年美国总统将结束美国的撤军时间表的最后谈判与伊拉克政府。

Further evidence of America’s future military intentions is contained in recently published strategy documents issued by the US military.进一步证明了美国未来的军事意图是在最近发表的战略文件印发的美军。

Under the auspices of the US department of defence and department of the army, the US military have just published a document entitled 2008 Army Modernization Strategy which makes for interesting reading against the current backdrop of deteriorating international fiscal, environmental, energy resource and security crises.的主持下，美国国防部和陆军部，美国军方刚刚发表了一份题为2008年军队现代化建设战略使有趣的阅读对当前日益恶化的背景下，国际财政，环境，能源资源和安全危机。

The 2008 modernisation strategy, written by Lieut Gen Stephen Speakes, deputy chief of staff of the US army, contains the first explicit and official acknowledgement that the US military is dangerously overstretched internationally. 2008年的现代化战略，中尉写的斯蒂芬斯皮克斯根，副参谋长的美国军队，包含了第一次明确和正式承认，美国军方是捉襟见肘的国际危险。 It states simply: “The army is engaged in the third-longest war in our nation’s history and .它简单： “军队是从事第三时间最长的战争是我们国家的历史和。 . 。 . 。 the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) has caused the army to become out of balance with the demand for forces exceeding the sustainable supply.”全球反恐战争（ GWOT ）造成了军队，成为失去平衡的需求超过了部队的可持续供应。 “

Against this backdrop, the 90 page document sets out the future of international conflict for the next 30 to 40 years - as the US military sees it - and outlines the manner in which the military will sustain its current operations and prepare and “transform” itself for future “persistent” warfare.在此背景下， 90页的文件列出了未来的国际冲突为下一个30年到40年-作为美国军方认为它-并概述了以何种方式军方将维持目前的业务并准备与“转变”本身为未来的“持续”的战争。

The document reveals a number of profoundly significant - and worrying - strategic positions that have been adopted as official doctrine by the US military.该文件显示了一些深刻的显着-和令人担忧的-战略位置已通过官方学说由美国军方。 In its preamble, it predicts a post cold war future of “perpetual warfare”.在其序言部分，它预测，冷战后未来的“永久战争” 。

According to its authors: “We have entered an era of persistent conflict .根据其作者： “我们已经进入了一个时代的持续不断的冲突。 . 。 . 。 a security environment much more ambiguous and unpredictable than that faced during the cold war.”一个安全的环境更加模糊和不可预测面临着比冷战期间。 “

It then goes on to describe the key features of this dawning era of continuous warfare.它接着描述的主要功能这一时代的到来不断的战争。 Some of the characteristics are familiar enough to a world audience accustomed to the rhetoric of the global war on terror.一些特点不够熟悉的世界观众习惯于夸夸其谈的全球反恐战争。

“A key current threat is a radical, ideology-based, long-term terrorist threat bent on using any means available - to include weapons of mass destruction - to achieve its political and ideological ends.” “当前一个重要的威胁是一个激进的，意识形态为基础的，长期的恐怖威胁决意使用任何手段-包括大规模杀伤性武器-以实现其政治和意识形态的目的。”

Relatively new, “emerging” features are also included in the document’s rationale for future threats.相对较新， “新兴”的功能也被列入该文件的理由，未来的威胁。

“We face a potential return to traditional security threats posed by emerging near-peers as we compete globally for depleting natural resources and overseas markets.” “我们面临着一个潜在的回归传统安全威胁所造成的新兴接近的人，我们在全球竞争的消耗自然资源和海外市场。 ”

This thinly-veiled reference to Russia and China will, perhaps, come as little surprise given recent events in Ossetia and Abkhazia.这稀薄，隐晦提到俄罗斯和中国将，或许是并不令人意外鉴于最近发生的事件在南奥塞梯和阿布哈兹。 The explicit reference in this context to future resource wars, however, will probably raise eyebrows among the international diplomatic community, who prefer to couch such conflicts as human rights-based or rooted in notions around freedom and democracy.在明确提及在这方面，未来的资源战争，但是，可能会引起眉毛之间的国际外交社会，谁喜欢这种冲突的沙发人权或基于概念植根于周围自由和民主。

The document, however, contains no such lofty pretences.该文件，但不包含任何这种崇高的借口。 It goes on to list as a pre-eminent threat to the security of the US and its allies “population growth - especially in less-developed countries - [which] will expose a resulting ‘youth bulge’.”它接着清单作为一个杰出的安全的威胁美国及其盟国“人口增长-特别是在欠发达的国家- [这]将揭露所产生的'青年鼓' 。 ”

This youth bulge, the document goes on to state, will present the US with further “resource competition” in that these expanding populations in the developing world “will consume ever increasing amounts of food, water and energy”.这青年隆起，该文件还称，将介绍更多的美国“资源竞争”中，这些日益增多的人口在发展中世界“将消耗日益增加大量的粮食，水和能源” 。

The document goes on to describe in broad-strokes the manner in which its downsized military might ensure survival of the fittest for the US and its allies in future resource wars for water, food and energy.该文件还描述了广泛杆的方式，缩小其军事实力确保适者生存的美国及其盟国在未来的资源战争的水，食物和能源。

As a consequence of identifying growing populations in the developed world as a threat in itself, the strategy document highlights a number of paradigm shifts in the way future wars are to be conducted.由于日益增加的人口确定在发达世界视为威胁本身，该战略文件突出了若干范式转变的方式是未来战争的需要进行。

It predicts that “21st Century operations will require soldiers to engage among populations and diverse cultures instead of avoiding them”.据预测， “ 21世纪行动将需要士兵进行人群和不同的文化而不是避免他们” 。

The document reveals that new US tactical doctrine provides a template by which air, naval and field commanders will no longer just secure traditional strategic targets such as airspace, seaports and bridgeheads, but will, of necessity, also deploy and fight amongst and against the target population itself to win wars.该文件表明，美国新的战术理论提供了一个范本，其中空中，海上和战地指挥官将不再只是传统的安全战略目标，如领空，港口和桥头堡，但势必也部署和斗争中，反对的目标人口本身打赢。

The document refers to this euphemistically as “commanders employing offensive, defensive and stability or civil support operations simultaneously”.该文件提到这一点委婉的“指挥员运用进攻，防守和稳定或民间支援行动的同时” 。

The remainder of the document is devoted to describing in detail how a downsized all volunteer US military - numbering approximately one million soldiers, aircrew and sailors - could maintain an ever-present, international, offensive posture in many countries across many time-zones.其余的文件是专门详细描述如何缩小所有志愿美军-大约有1 00万士兵，空勤人员和水兵-可以保持一个始终存在，国际组织，进攻态势在许多国家，在许多时区。

It describes how information communication technologies and digital technologies will create a new “networked” human soldier - the ‘Future Force Warrior’ - who will deploy among the target population and will operate simultaneously several remote, unmanned ground and air weapons systems.它介绍了如何信息通信技术和数字技术将创建一个新的“网络”人类士兵-的'未来部队勇士' -谁部署之间的目标人群，并同时运作几个遥控器，无人驾驶的空中和地面武器系统。

To this end, the US military is rapidly expanding its inventory of computerised, robotic ground weapons and unmanned aerial vehicles .为此，美国军方正在迅速扩展其库存的电脑，机器人地面武器和无人驾驶飞行器。

According to the strategy document, by supplementing relatively small forces of US troops - brigade combat teams - with ever-larger fleets of remotely controlled, unmanned weapons systems, America will be able to successfully deploy its downsized military to maximum effect among the emerging international youth bulge.根据该战略文件，以补充相对较小力量的美国军队-旅战斗队-与越来越大船队的远程控制，无人驾驶武器系统，美国将能够成功地部署其军队缩编为影响最大的新兴国际青年隆起。

Supplementing these future global offensive operations, according to the strategy document, is the US military’s planned domination of inner space or the earth’s exo-atmospheric zone.补充这些未来全球进攻性军事行动，根据该战略文件，是美国军方的计划统治的内部空间，或地球的外大气层区。

The document states: “Space is a significant area of joint development that supports battle space awareness and is the backbone for the national and military intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance architecture, as well as being the domain of choice for commercial broad-area sensing enterprises with military utility.”该文件指出： “空间是一个重要的领域的共同发展，支持战场空间的认识和骨干是为国家和军事情报，监视和侦察架构，以及域名被选择的商业广泛的领域与遥感企业军事用途。 “

Together with the US Missile Defence Agency, the US military is currently developing “space-based assets continuously monitoring the globe”.加上美国导弹防御机构，美国军方目前正在制定“以空间为基础的资产不断监测地球” 。

The report elaborates on this by stating that “army space forces are deployed worldwide supporting US efforts to fight and win [the global war on terror].”该报告详细阐述了这一点，指出“军队太空部队部署全球支持美国的努力打赢[全球反恐战争] 。 ”

The report adds that US military “space control operations ensure freedom of action in space for the United States and its allies and when necessary, deny an adversary freedom of action in space”.报告说，美军“空间控制行动确保在太空的行动自由对美国及其盟国并在必要时，拒绝敌方在太空的行动自由” 。

The document refers to operations in Iraq in the past tense.该文件是指在伊拉克的行动在过去的紧张。 It implies that operations in Afghanistan may be expanded.这意味着在阿富汗的行动可能会扩大。

It states explicitly that the US military is preparing to fight continuous resource wars “for the long haul”.它明确规定，美国军方正准备斗争持续不断的资源战争“的长途” 。

The document also describes explicitly the manner in which the earth’s orbit is now deemed a legitimate zone for offensive military activity.该文件还明确说明的方式，地球的轨道是目前被认为是合法的带进攻性军事活动。 This extraordinary document describes US strategic doctrine in terms worthy of 20th century science fiction.这个非同寻常的文件说明美国的战略理论方面值得20世纪的科幻小说。

The mix of 20th century science fiction and Orwellian perspectives unwittingly contained in the document appear rapidly to be materialising as fact.混合20世纪的科幻小说和奥威尔式的观点无意中该文件中所载的出现迅速将materialising事实。

Dr Tom Clonan is the Irish Times Security Analyst. 汤姆博士Clonan是爱尔兰时报的安全分析师。 He lectures in the School of Media, DIT. 他讲课的学校媒体，抽取。 tclonan@irish-times.ie tclonan@irish-times.ie

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US generals planning for resource wars美国将军规划，资源战争