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  | Translate: 翻譯：               Security agreements mean Iraq occupation will continue to 2012 and beyond安全協議意味著伊拉克的佔領將繼續到2012年及以後 Thursday, December 4th, 2008 星期四， 08年12月4日
By通過 James Cogan詹姆斯科甘 | For more than five-and-a-half years, and at the cost of the lives of at least one million Iraqis and over 4,200 Americans, the US has occupied Iraq and repressed all opposition to its presence.超過五年半來，在成本的生命至少100萬伊拉克人和超過4200的美國人，美國已經佔領伊拉克和壓制所有反對它的存在。 The Iraqi parliament’s ratification of a status of forces agreement and “Strategic Framework” with the US on November 27 ensures the ongoing occupation of the country and formalises its status as a US client state.伊拉克議會批准了部隊地位協定和“戰略框架”與美國11月27日確保正在進行的佔領，並成為正式的國家地位，美國客戶的狀態。 The status of forces goes into effect on January 1, the same day a United Nations mandate expires, and provides a legal framework for American operations inside Iraq until December 31, 2011.部隊地位的正式生效1月1日，同一天，聯合國的任務期限，並提供了法律框架，美國在伊拉克境內活動，直到2011年12月31號。 President-elect Barack Obama has put his stamp of approval on the new arrangements.當選總統奧巴馬把他的郵票批准新的安排。 With the armed resistance largely drowned in blood, US combat troops will pull back to some 400 fortified bases outside the country’s population centres by the middle of next year.隨著武裝抵抗的主要是血液中溺水身亡，美軍作戰部隊將後撤至約400森嚴的軍事基地以外的國家的人口中心在明年年中。 The Iraqi government, however, can at any time request American military assistance in combat operations against “terrorists”, “outlaw groups” and “remnants of the former regime”.但伊拉克政府，可在任何時候要求美國軍事援助的打擊行動，打擊“恐怖分子” ， “非法團體”和“遺留的前政權” 。 “Non-combat” components of the US military will provide “training, equipping, supporting, supplying and upgrading logistical systems” for the Iraqi security forces. “非戰鬥”的組成部分美軍將提供“訓練，裝備，支持，供應和後勤系統升級”為伊拉克安全部隊。 Iraq can also request “temporary support” from the US for the “surveillance and control of Iraqi air space”.伊拉克也可以要求“臨時支持”來自美國的“監視和控制的伊拉克領空。 ” American troops and civilian contractors employed by the US Defense Department will continue to operate with full immunity from Iraqi law, except in the rare cases where they are off duty and off their bases.美軍士兵和平民承包商僱用的美國國防部將繼續運作，充分免受伊拉克法律，但在罕見的情況下，他們下班和關閉其基地。 The US occupation forces can continue to import and export equipment and goods, and move personnel in and out of the country without being subject to any taxes, custom charges or even inspection by Iraqi agencies.美國佔領軍可以繼續進口和出口設備和貨物，並在人員進出該國不受任何稅，自訂收費，甚至檢查伊拉克機構。 Civilian security companies contracted by foreign embassies, aid agencies and Iraqi politicians will be stripped of immunity.民警保安公司簽訂合同的外國使館，援助機構和伊拉克政界人士將被剝奪豁免權。 It is therefore expected that most non-Iraqi personnel will leave, forcing large numbers of mercenaries to look for contracts in Afghanistan or other potential war zones.因此，預計大多數非伊拉克人員將離開，迫使大批僱傭軍的合同看在阿富汗或其他潛在的戰區。 In the end, the agreements were supported by the two main Shiite fundamentalist parties in Maliki’s government—the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (ISCI) and Da’wa—as well as by the Kurdish nationalist parties and the Sunni-based Iraqi Accordance Front (IAF).最後，協議所支持的兩個主要什葉派原教旨主義政黨馬利基政府，伊斯蘭最高理事會伊拉克（ ISCI ）和達瓦黨，以及庫爾德民族主義政黨和遜尼派的伊拉克和諧陣線（宇航聯合會） 。 In all, 149 of the 275 legislators in the parliament voted in favour.總之， 149的275名議員在議會中投了贊成票。 Of the 35 who voted against, most were loyalists from the Shiite movement of cleric Moqtada al-Sadr. 35誰投反對票，大多數是由忠於什葉派運動教士薩德爾。 The remaining legislators either abstained or were not present.其餘的議員都投了棄權票或不存在。 The Sunni support for the agreements was won through a range of political concessions by Maliki.遜尼派支持的協議獲得通過一系列的政治讓步，馬利基。 A referendum will be held before July to give a popular endorsement to the pacts; amnesty will be offered to many of the estimated 25,000, predominantly Sunni detainees being held in US or Iraqi government prisons; and more of the Sunni Awakening Council militiamen recruited during the US military surge will be offered positions in the Iraqi army or public service.公民投票定於7月之前給大眾認可的協議;大赦將提供給許多估計25000 ，主要是遜尼派囚犯被關押在美國或伊拉克政府監獄;和更多的遜尼派民兵覺醒安理會在招募美國軍方激增將提供職位的伊拉克軍隊或公共服務。 The IAF’s acceptance was sufficient for the agreements to gain the implicit backing of the Shiite religious elite in Iraq, headed by Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani.印度空軍的接受是不夠的協議獲得的隱性支持的什葉派宗教精英在伊拉克，由領袖西斯塔尼。 Sistani had appealed for unity on any pact with the US.西斯塔尼呼籲團結的任何協議，美國。 The primary concern of the clergy was that Sunni opposition could re-ignite a large-scale insurgency against the Shiite-dominated government.主要關注的神職人員是伊拉克反對派可能重新點燃了大規模打擊叛亂的什葉派主導的政府。 Two aspects of the agreement also overcame the opposition of the Iranian regime, which is close to both ISCI and Da’wa.兩方面的協議還克服了反對伊朗政權，這是接近雙方ISCI和達瓦黨。 US forces are prohibited from storing “weapons of mass destruction” such as nuclear weapons on Iraqi territory, or using its land, air or sea space to attack other states.美國軍隊被禁止儲存“大規模殺傷性武器” ，如核武器的伊拉克領土上，或利用其土地，空中或海上空間攻擊其他國家。 In another signal that Tehran hopes for better relations with the US after the inauguration of an Obama administration, a senior Iranian leader, Ahmad Jannati, hailed the agreements as “a very good decision by the Iraqi parliament”.在另一個信號，即伊朗希望更好地與美國的關係就職後的奧巴馬管理，伊朗高級領導人艾哈邁德賈納提，讚揚協定為“一個非常好的決定，伊拉克國民議會” 。 Da’wa, ISCI and the Sunni IAF—groupings that have directly collaborated with the US since the 2003 invasion—are all seeking to use the agreement to bolster their electoral fortunes ahead of provincial elections in January.達瓦， ISCI和遜尼派宇航聯合會，集團的直接合作，與美國自2003年入侵，都設法利用該協議來鞏固其未來的選舉命運的省級選舉在1月。 They are presenting their protracted negotiations with the Bush administration as a victory in securing a definite date for the end to the broadly hated foreign occupation.他們介紹他們的曠日持久的談判與布什政府的勝利，確保一個明確的日期，結束了廣泛的憎恨外國佔領。 The agreement does state that “all United States forces shall withdraw from all Iraqi territory” by the end of 2011.該協議並指出， “所有美國部隊將撤出所有在伊拉克領土”的2011年年底。 The barely disguised intent, however, is that the terms will be renegotiated beforehand to sanction an enduring American presence.幾乎沒有偽裝的意圖，但是，這兩個詞將重新事先制裁持久的美國的存在。 The associated “Strategic Framework Agreement,” which was signed between the Bush administration and the government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki on November 28, commits both parties to a “long term relationship in economic, diplomatic, cultural and security fields”.相關的“戰略框架協定” ，這是簽署了布什政府和政府總理馬利基11月28日，即雙方的“長期關係在經濟，外交，文化和安全領域” 。 In three years time, the Iraqi security forces will still be incapable of conducting operations against significant insurgent activity without American support, let alone defending Iraq’s borders against potential regional rivals.在三年的時間，伊拉克安全部隊將仍然無法開展行動，打擊重大叛亂活動沒有美國的支持，更不用說維護伊拉克的邊界，防止潛在的區域對手。 The US occupation has not provided the Iraqi military with a modern air force, naval assets, modern tanks and artillery.美國佔領沒有提供伊拉克軍隊現代化空軍，海軍的資產，現代坦克和大砲。 A small number of advanced F-16 jet fighters and helicopters are due for delivery in 2011, but will require US personnel and maintenance systems.少數先進的F - 16噴氣式戰鬥機和直升機，預計在2011年交貨，但將要求美軍人員和維修制度。 John Nagl, a retired US officer who assisted General David Petraeus draft the counter-insurgency plan applied in Iraq, told the Washington Post last month: “Everyone knows the Iraqi security forces are not going to be self-sufficient by 2011.約翰Nagl ，一個退休的美國官員誰協助彼得雷烏斯將軍草案反叛亂計劃適用於伊拉克，告訴華盛頓郵報上個月： “每個人都知道伊拉克安全部隊將不會自給自足，到2011年。 There are going to be Americans helping Iraqis keep their F-16s in the air for at least a decade.” The Iraqi ministry of defence has stated that the earliest it will have an “independent” air force is 2020.將有美國幫助伊拉克人保持其F - 16戰鬥機在空中至少10年。 “伊拉克國防部已表示，最早將有一個”獨立的“空軍是2020年。 Moreover, in dealing with “external or internal threats,” the Strategic Framework sanctions the US to use “diplomatic, economic or military measures, or any other measure, to deter such a threat”.此外，在處理“外部或內部威脅， ”戰略框架的制裁，美國使用“外交，經濟或軍事措施，或任何其他措施，以阻止這種威脅” 。 Not only does this imply an ongoing presence, the clause could be interpreted as overriding, under certain circumstances, the status of forces’ prohibitions on stationing nuclear weapons in Iraq or using the country to launch attacks elsewhere.這不僅意味著一個持續存在，該條款可以解釋為壓倒一切的，在某些情況下，部隊地位的'禁止核武器駐紮在伊拉克或使用該國其他地區發動襲擊。 For American personnel and the Iraqi people, therefore, US deployments to Iraq are far from coming to an end.對於美國的人員和伊拉克人民，因此，美國部署在伊拉克還遠未結束。 Even with no major deterioration in the security situation, and after a substantial withdrawal by 2011 to reinforce the occupation of Afghanistan or conduct other operations, tens of thousands of troops will remain to garrison the major air bases the US has constructed at Balad, Al Asad, Tallil and other locations.即使沒有發生重大安全局勢惡化後，大量撤回到2011年，以加強對阿富汗的佔領或進行其他活動，數以萬計的部隊將繼續向駐軍的主要空軍基地，美國建造的巴拉德基地阿薩德，塔利爾和其他地點。 While not called “permanent bases,” the American military will be using these facilities for years to come.雖然不是所謂的“永久基地” ，美國軍方將使用這些設施今後幾年。 Have Your Say: Security agreements mean Iraq occupation will continue to 2012 and beyond 你說：安全協議意味著伊拉克的佔領將繼續到2012年及以後 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report 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