Pentagon’s intelligence arm steps up lie detecting五角大樓的情報部門加緊在於檢測
The Pentagon’s intelligence arm is adding more polygraph studios and relying on outside contractors for the first time to conduct lie detection tests in an attempt to screen its 5,700 prospective and current employees every year.五角大樓的情報ARM是增加更多的測謊工作室和依靠外部承包商為第一次進行測謊測試中，企圖屏幕，其5700準和當前的僱員，每年。
The stepped-up effort by the Defense Intelligence Agency is part of a growing emphasis on counterintelligence, detecting and thwarting would-be spies and keeping sensitive information away from America’s enemies.加強了努力，由美國國防情報局是一個組成部分，日益受到重視，反間諜，偵察和監視，想成為間諜，保持敏感的資料，遠離美國的敵人。
A polygraph is not foolproof as a screening tool. 1測謊並非萬無一失作為篩選工具。 The test gives a high rate of false positives on innocent people, and guilty subjects can be trained to beat the system, according to expert Charles Honts, a psychology professor at Boise State University.測試給高企的假陽性對無辜人民，並被判有罪的科目可以訓練擊敗制度，據專家查爾斯honts ，一名心理學教授在博伊西州立大學。
The National Research Council noted these deficiencies in a 2003 report.國家研究委員會指出，這些缺陷在2003年的報告。 The council, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, found that lie detectors can be useful for ferreting out the truth in specific incidents, but are unreliable for screening prospective national security employees for trustworthiness.安理會的一個分部，該National Academy of Sciences的，發現的謊言探測器可用於ferreting出真相，在具體的事件，但都是不可靠的篩選準國家安全的僱員的可信性。
“Its accuracy in distinguishing actual or potential security violators from innocent test takers is insufficient to justify reliance on its use in employee security screening in federal agencies,” the council concluded. “其準確性，在區分實際或潛在的安全違規從無辜的考生是不足夠的理由依賴於它的使用在僱員的安全檢查，在聯邦機構， ”安理會的結論。 “Polygraph testing as currently used has extremely serious limitations in such screening applications, if the intent is both to identify security risks and protect valued employees.” “測謊測試，目前使用的已極其嚴重的限制，在這種篩選的申請，如果其意圖是既要確定安全風險和保護價值的僱員” 。
John Sullivan, a polygrapher with the CIA for 31 years, noted that turncoat Aldrich Ames, a CIA mole for the Soviets, beat a polygraph test twice.約翰沙利文， polygrapher同中央情報局為31年，指出turncoat愛秩序埃姆斯，中央情報局摩爾為蘇聯，毆打了測謊試驗的兩倍。
But the prospect of facing a polygraph can deter future security violations, according to the council’s report.但前景面臨著測謊可以阻止未來的安全侵犯，根據安理會的報告。 That prospect also increases the frequency of admission of violations — taking home classified documents, for example — and discourages people who may be security risks from applying.這一前景也增加了班次入學的侵犯-以家的機密文件，例如-和勸阻的人誰可能的安全風險，從申請。
“Right now the polygraph is the best tool they have at their hands but it’s not a tool that’s without problems,” Honts said. “現在測謊是最好的工具，他們已在其手中，但它不是一個工具，這是沒有問題的， ” honts說。
The increase in lie detection at the DIA is three years in the making.增加在測謊，在直徑是三年，在決策。 In 2005 the agency’s director announced plans to test every prospective new DIA hire, whether a permanent federal worker or contract employee.在2005年該機構的主任宣布的計劃，以測試每一個準新直徑的聘請，無論是永久性的聯邦合同的工人或僱員。
The DIA would not say how many prospective, current and past employees are screened annually, but a 2002 report to Congress said the agency conducted 1,345 counterintelligence polygraphs.該直徑不會說有多少準，現任和前任僱員，每年放映，但在2002年向國會報告說，該機構進行的1345年反polygraphs 。 It also said the Defense Department had an average of about 160 government polygraphers on its payroll annually for the last decade.它也說，國防部已平均約160名政府polygraphers就其薪金每年都為過去10年。 The Pentagon’s polygraphing institute trains all polygraphers for the government.五角大樓的polygraphing研究所列車所有polygraphers為政府。 It produced 84 new examiners in 2002, according to the latest publicly available statistics.它生產的84新的主考人員在2002年，根據最新公開的統計數字。
Until 2004, Congress severely limited the Pentagon’s authority to conduct polygraphs for counterintelligence purposes.直到2004年，國會嚴重限制了五角大樓的權力進行polygraphs為反目的。 From 1988 to 1990, it could conduct 10,000 a year.從1988年至1990年，它可以進行一萬一年。 From 1990 to 2004, that number was cut to 5,000.從1990年到2004年，這個數字減少到5000 。 Congress lifted that cap in 2004 at the request of the Defense Department.國會認為，取消上限，在2004年的要求，國防部。
Polygraph sessions are typically three- to four-hour interrogations.測謊的會議通常是三至四小時的盤問。 A person is hooked up to a machine that measures physiological responses.一個人是連接到一個機器措施的生理反應。 The subject is asked a series of “yes” and “no” questions.題目是問了一連串的“是”和“否”的問題。 The machine records changes in blood pressure, respiration and heart rate and electrical activity in the skin.機器記錄的變化，血壓，呼吸和心率及電活動的皮膚。 The polygrapher interprets that data to determine whether the answers show inconsistencies or indicate deception, based on established parameters該polygrapher解讀這些數據，以確定是否顯示答案不一致或說明欺騙，根據既定的參數
An unclassified DIA document describing the new effort says the contractor hired to perform the exams will conduct a minimum of 4,550 a year in 13 new polygraph studios.機密國防情報局文件，說明新的努力，說，承包商僱用的執行考試將進行最低限度的4550年在13個新的測謊工作室。 The polygraphers would have to work at a brisk pace to meet the target: Each studio would need to complete 350 sessions a year to meet contract specifications.該polygraphers將不得不工作在一個活躍的步伐，以滿足目標：每個工作室將需要完成350節，今年以滿足合約訂明的規格。 Those 13 new studios would be added to the eight now manned by DIA polygraphers.這些13個新的工作室將增加8個，現在載人由直徑polygraphers 。 All would be overseen by DIA personnel.所有將監督直徑的人員。
The document says that the agency will, for the first time, hire contractors to administer the tests rather than relying on government polygraphers.該文件說，該機構將首次時間，聘請承辦商管理的考驗，而不是依賴政府polygraphers 。
Mark Zaid is a lawyer who represents federal employees in lawsuits against the government, many involving disputed polygraphs.馬克栽德是一位律師誰代表聯邦僱員在訴訟中對政府，有很多涉及有爭議的polygraphs 。 He said the government’s reliance on lie detection tools is an easy way around the more reliable, but more time-consuming, security background investigations.他說，政府的依賴於測謊工具是一個簡單的方法周圍更可靠，但有更多的時間消費，安全背景調查。 There is a massive backlog for these.有一個龐大的積壓為這些。
“It’sa cheap fix to a broken system,” Zaid said. “這是廉價的修復毀損的系統， ”栽德說。
The problem, Zaid said, is that there is no process for government employees to challenge a polygrapher’s interpretation of a test.這個問題，栽德說，是有沒有過程的政府僱員挑戰polygrapher的解釋一項測試。 “They get labeled a liar, and that’s it,” Zaid said. “他們得到標示一個說謊者，就是這樣， ”栽德說。
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