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 | Translate: 翻譯：               Obama Pressured to Back Off Iraq Withdrawal奧巴馬施加壓力，不得不讓出位置，伊拉克撤出 Thursday, November 13th, 2008 星期四， 08年十一月13日 IPS新聞通訊社 | The promotion of Robert M. Gates as President-elect Barack Obama’s secretary of defence appears to be the key element in a broad campaign by military officials and their supporters in the political elite and the news media to pressure Obama into dropping his plan to withdraw US troops from Iraq in as little as 16 months. |促進羅伯特蓋茨作為當選總統奧巴馬的國防部長似乎是關鍵因素廣泛的運動，軍方官員和他們的支持者在政治精英和新聞媒體的壓力下降奧巴馬到他的計劃撤回美國從伊拉克撤軍，在短短的16個月。 Despite subtle and unsubtle pressures to compromise on his withdrawal plan, however, Obama is likely to pass over Gates and stand firm on his campaign pledge on military withdrawal from Iraq, according to a well-informed source close to the Obama camp.儘管微妙和unsubtle壓力問題上做出妥協他的撤退計劃，但奧巴馬很可能會超越蓋茨和堅定立場對他的競選承諾撤出伊拉克，據消息靈通人士接近奧巴馬陣營。 Within 24 hours of Obama’s election, the idea of Gates staying on as defence secretary in an Obama administration was floated in the New York Times, which reported that “a case is being made publicly by columnists and commentators, and quietly by leading Congressional voices of Mr. Obama’s own party — that Mr. Gates should be asked to remain as defence secretary, at least for an interim period in the opening months of the new presidency.”在24小時內奧巴馬的選舉中，主張蓋茨繼續擔任國防部長在奧巴馬政府發行的紐約時報，其中報告說， “一個案件正在公開專欄作家和評論員，並悄悄地由領先的美國國會先生的聲音奧巴馬自己的政黨-蓋茨先生應要求繼續擔任國防部長，至少在一個過渡期，在開幕個月的新主席。 “ The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday that two unnamed Obama advisers had said Obama was “leaning toward” asking Gates stay on, although the report added that other candidates were also in the running.華爾街日報報導，兩名匿名奧巴馬顧問說，奧巴馬是“傾向” ，要求蓋茨留任，雖然該報告補充說，其他候選人也在運行。 The Journal said Gates was strongly opposed to any timetable for withdrawal from Iraq, and it speculated that a Gates appointment “could mean that Mr. Obama was effectively shelving his campaign promise to remove most troops from Iraq by mid-2010.”該雜誌稱，蓋茨堅決反對任何時間表從伊拉克撤軍，並猜測說，蓋茨任命“可能意味著奧巴馬先生，有效地擱置其競選承諾，以去除大部分從伊拉克撤軍，由2010年年中。 ” Some Obama advisers have been manoeuvering for a Gates nomination for months.一些奧巴馬顧問已經操縱了蓋茨的提名個月。 Former Navy Secretary Richard Danzig publicly raised the idea of a Gates reprise in June and again in early October.前海軍部長理查德丹齊格公開提出的想法重複蓋茨在6月再次在10月初。 Danzig told reporters Oct. 1, however, that he had not discussed the possibility with Obama.澤告訴記者10月1日，然而，他並沒有討論是否有可能與奧巴馬。 Obama advisers who support his Iraq withdrawal plan, however, have opposed a Gates appointment.奧巴馬顧問，誰支持他的伊拉克撤軍計劃，但是，反對蓋茨的任命。 Having a defence secretary who is not fully supportive of the 16-month timetable would make it very difficult, if not impossible for Obama to enforce it on the military.有國防大臣誰不是完全支持16個月的時間表將非常困難，如果不是不可能的話奧巴馬執行它的軍隊。 A source close to the Obama transition team told IPS Tuesday that the chances that Gates would be nominated by Obama “are now about 10 percent”.消息來源奧巴馬過渡小組告訴IPS週二的機會，蓋茨將被提名的奧巴馬“現在百分之十左右。 ” The source said that Obama is going to stick with his 16-month withdrawal timeline, despite the pressures now being brought to bear on him.這位人士說，奧巴馬是要堅持他的16個月的撤軍時間表，儘管目前的壓力施加在他身上。 “There is no doubt about it,” said the source, who refused to elaborate because of the sensitivity of the matter. “毫無疑問， ”消息人士說，誰拒絕透露更詳細的，因為對這個問題的敏感性。 Opposition to Obama’s pledge to withdraw combat troops from Iraq on a 16-month timetable is wide and deep in the US national security establishment and its political allies.反對奧巴馬的承諾，撤出作戰部隊從伊拉克的16個月的時間表是廣泛而深刻的美國國家安全建立及其政治盟友。 US military leaders have been unequivocal in rejecting any such rapid withdrawal from Iraq, and news media coverage of the issue has been based on the premise that Obama will have to modify his plan to make it acceptable to the military.美國軍方領導人已明確拒絕任何這種迅速從伊拉克撤軍，以及新聞媒體覆蓋面的問題已依據的前提是，奧巴馬將不得不修改他的計劃，使其可以接受的軍隊。 The Washington Post published a story Monday saying that Adm. Michael Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, opposes Obama’s timeline for withdrawal as “dangerous”, insisting that “reductions must depend on conditions on the ground”.華盛頓郵報出版了一本故事星期一說，海軍上將邁克爾馬倫主席，參謀長聯席會議，反對奧巴馬的撤軍時間表，因為“危險” ，堅持“減量必須依靠地面上的情況。 ” Along with Gen. David H. Petraeus, now the head of CENTCOM and responsible for the entire Middle East, and Gen. Ray Odierno, the new commander in Iraq, Mullen was portrayed as part of a phalanx of determined military opposition to Obama’s timeline.隨著將軍戴維H彼得雷烏斯，現在的負責人CENTCOM ，負責整個中東地區，並奧迪耶諾將軍，新的指揮官在伊拉克，馬倫被描繪的一部分，優質的決定軍事反對奧巴馬時間表。 Post reporters Alec MacGillis and Ann Scott Tyson cited “defence experts” as predicting a “smooth and productive” relationship between Obama and these military leaders “if Obama takes the pragmatic approach that his advisers are indicating, allowing each side to adjust at the margins.” But if Obama “presses for the withdrawal of two brigades per month,” the same analysts predicted, “conflict is inevitable.”郵報亞歷克MacGillis和Ann斯科特泰森援引“國防專家”的預測， “順利和富有成效的”奧巴馬之間的關係，這些軍事領導人： “如果奧巴馬採取務實的態度，他的顧問表示，使每一方調整的幅度。 “但是，如果奧巴馬”塑機撤出兩個旅，每月“同一分析師預測， ”衝突是不可避免的。 “ The story quoted a former Bush administration National Security Council official, Peter D. Feaver, who was a strategic planner on the administration’s Iraq “surge” policy, as warning that Obama’s timetable would precipitate “a civil-military crisis” if Obama does not agree to the demands of Mullen, Petraeus and Odierno for greater flexibility.這個故事引用一位前布什政府國家安全委員會官員，彼得迪克森•費韋爾，誰是戰略規劃對政府的伊拉克“增兵”政策，作為警告說，奧巴馬的時間表將沉澱“一個民事和軍事危機” ，如果奧巴馬不同意的要求馬倫，彼得雷烏斯和奧迪耶諾有更大的靈活性。 Underlying the campaign of pressure is the assumption that Obama’s 16-month timetable is mainly posturing for political purposes during the primary campaign, and that Obama is not necessarily committed to the withdrawal plan.基本的運動壓力，前提是奧巴馬的16個月的時間表，主要是故作姿態，為政治目的服務期間的主要活動，而且奧巴馬不一定是致力於撤軍計劃。 Feaver, who has returned to Duke University, said in an interview with IPS that he did not believe such a crisis was likely, because, “It is unlikely Obama will come in and do what he said he would do during the campaign.” Obama has given himself “enough wiggle room to change the plan”, Feaver said. •費韋爾，誰已返回美國杜克大學，在接受採訪時說的新聞通訊社，他不認為這種危機可能，因為“這是不可能奧巴馬將在做什麼，他說，他將做在競選期間。 ”奧巴馬給自己“不夠1943室改變計劃” ， •費韋爾說。 Similarly CNN Pentagon correspondent Jamie McIntyre also reported Nov. 7 that Obama “gave himself some wiggle room” to respond to military demands for more flexibility.同樣美國五角大樓記者傑米麥金太爾還報導11月7日是奧巴馬“給了自己一些1943室” ，以應對軍事要求更多的靈活性。 McIntyre said he had “pledged to consult US commanders and adjust as necessary”.麥金太爾說，他“保證協商，美軍指揮官和必要的調整。 ” Obama’s website makes no such pledge to “adjust” the timetable.奧巴馬的網站不作任何承諾，如“調整”的時間表。 Instead it says the “removal of our troops will be responsible and phased, directed by military commanders on the ground and done in consultation with the Iraqi government.” It defends the rate of withdrawal of one or two brigades per month and offers to leave a “residual force” in Iraq to “train and support the Iraqi forces as long as Iraqi leaders move toward political reconciliation and away from sectarianism.”相反，它說， “取消我們的部隊將負責的和分階段的，由軍事指揮官在地面上進行協商與伊拉克政府。 ”捍衛它的速度撤出一個或兩個旅，並每月提供離開“殘餘勢力”在伊拉克的“訓練和支持伊拉克部隊，只要伊拉克領導人走向政治和解和遠離宗派主義。 ” When Obama met with Petraeus in Baghdad in July, Petraeus presented a detailed case for a “conditions-based” withdrawal rather than Obama’s timetable and ended with a plea for “maximum flexibility” on a withdrawal schedule, according to Joe Klein’s account in Time Oct. 22.當奧巴馬會見了彼得雷烏斯在巴格達7月，彼得雷烏斯提交了一份詳細的個案為“條件為基礎的”撤退，而不是奧巴馬的時間表和結束時呼籲“最大限度的靈活性”上的撤離時間表，根據喬克萊因在時間到10月22日。 But Obama refused to back down, according to Klein’s account.但是，奧巴馬拒絕回落，根據克萊因的帳戶。 He told Petraeus, “Your job is to succeed in Iraq on as favourable terms as we can get.他告訴彼得雷烏斯： “你的工作是在伊拉克取得成功的有利條件，我們可以獲得。 But my job as a potential commander in chief is to view your counsel and interests through the prism of our overall national security.” Obama defended his policy of a fixed date for withdrawal in light of the situation in Afghanistan, the costs of continued US occupation and the stress on US military forces.但是，我的工作視為一個潛在的總司令是查看您的律師和利益通過棱鏡我們整體的國家安全。 “奧巴馬辯護政策的一個固定的日期撤出鑑於阿富汗局勢，費用美國繼續佔領並強調美國軍隊。 Opponents of Obama’s plan outside the Bush administration appear to be unaware of the fact that the Bush administration has already given up the “conditions-based withdrawal” that the US military has called for in agreeing to Iraqi demands for complete US withdrawal by the end of 2011.反對奧巴馬的計劃外，布什政府似乎不知道這一事實，即布什政府已經放棄了“條件為基礎的撤退” ，美國軍方已要求，同意向伊拉克要求美國撤軍完成了到2011年底。 Feaver, the former strategic planner for National Security Adviser Stephen J. Hadley, said he assumes that, “if the US agreed to it, it preserves the flexibility that Petraeus and Odierno say they’ve needed all along.” •費韋爾，前戰略規劃的國家安全顧問斯蒂芬哈德利說，他認為， “如果美國同意，它保留了靈活性，彼得雷烏斯和奧迪耶諾說，他們已經都需要。 ” But even the small loophole left in previous versions of the text, allowing the 2011 deadline to be extended if the pact were revised with the agreement of the Iraqi parliament, has now been closed in the “final” version which the Bush administration submitted to the Maliki government last week, according to a Nov. 10 report by Associated Press, which had obtained a copy of the text.但即使是小的漏洞留在以前的版本的文字，使2011年的最後期限再延長該協議，如果修訂的協議，伊拉克國民議會議長現在已經關閉在“最後”的版本，布什政府提交馬利基政府上週，根據11月10日報告，美聯社，其中已獲得的文本。 *Gareth Porter is an investigative historian and journalist specialising in US national security policy. *加雷思波特是一個調查的歷史學家和新聞記者，專門在美國國家安全政策。 The paperback edition of his latest book, “Perils of Dominance: Imbalance of Power and the Road to War in Vietnam”, was published in 2006 平裝本的他的最新著作“危險的優勢：失衡的電力和公路在越南戰爭” ，是2006年出版 Have Your Say: Obama Pressured to Back Off Iraq Withdrawal 你說：奧巴馬施加壓力，不得不讓出位置，伊拉克撤出 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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