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 | Translate: 翻译：               Obama Pressured to Back Off Iraq Withdrawal奥巴马施加压力，不得不让出位置，伊拉克撤出 Thursday, November 13th, 2008 星期四， 08年十一月13日 IPS新闻通讯社 | The promotion of Robert M. Gates as President-elect Barack Obama’s secretary of defence appears to be the key element in a broad campaign by military officials and their supporters in the political elite and the news media to pressure Obama into dropping his plan to withdraw US troops from Iraq in as little as 16 months. |促进罗伯特盖茨作为当选总统奥巴马的国防部长似乎是关键因素广泛的运动，军方官员和他们的支持者在政治精英和新闻媒体的压力下降奥巴马到他的计划撤回美国从伊拉克撤军，在短短的16个月。 Despite subtle and unsubtle pressures to compromise on his withdrawal plan, however, Obama is likely to pass over Gates and stand firm on his campaign pledge on military withdrawal from Iraq, according to a well-informed source close to the Obama camp.尽管微妙和unsubtle压力问题上做出妥协他的撤退计划，但奥巴马很可能会超越盖茨和坚定立场对他的竞选承诺撤出伊拉克，据消息灵通人士接近奥巴马阵营。 Within 24 hours of Obama’s election, the idea of Gates staying on as defence secretary in an Obama administration was floated in the New York Times, which reported that “a case is being made publicly by columnists and commentators, and quietly by leading Congressional voices of Mr. Obama’s own party — that Mr. Gates should be asked to remain as defence secretary, at least for an interim period in the opening months of the new presidency.”在24小时内奥巴马的选举中，主张盖茨继续担任国防部长在奥巴马政府发行的纽约时报，其中报告说， “一个案件正在公开专栏作家和评论员，并悄悄地由领先的美国国会先生的声音奥巴马自己的政党-盖茨先生应要求继续担任国防部长，至少在一个过渡期，在开幕个月的新主席。 “ The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday that two unnamed Obama advisers had said Obama was “leaning toward” asking Gates stay on, although the report added that other candidates were also in the running.华尔街日报报道，两名匿名奥巴马顾问说，奥巴马是“倾向” ，要求盖茨留任，虽然该报告补充说，其他候选人也在运行。 The Journal said Gates was strongly opposed to any timetable for withdrawal from Iraq, and it speculated that a Gates appointment “could mean that Mr. Obama was effectively shelving his campaign promise to remove most troops from Iraq by mid-2010.”该杂志称，盖茨坚决反对任何时间表从伊拉克撤军，并猜测说，盖茨任命“可能意味着奥巴马先生，有效地搁置其竞选承诺，以去除大部分从伊拉克撤军，由2010年年中。 ” Some Obama advisers have been manoeuvering for a Gates nomination for months.一些奥巴马顾问已经操纵了盖茨的提名个月。 Former Navy Secretary Richard Danzig publicly raised the idea of a Gates reprise in June and again in early October.前海军部长理查德丹齐格公开提出的想法重复盖茨在6月再次在10月初。 Danzig told reporters Oct. 1, however, that he had not discussed the possibility with Obama.泽告诉记者10月1日，然而，他并没有讨论是否有可能与奥巴马。 Obama advisers who support his Iraq withdrawal plan, however, have opposed a Gates appointment.奥巴马顾问，谁支持他的伊拉克撤军计划，但是，反对盖茨的任命。 Having a defence secretary who is not fully supportive of the 16-month timetable would make it very difficult, if not impossible for Obama to enforce it on the military.有国防大臣谁不是完全支持16个月的时间表将非常困难，如果不是不可能的话奥巴马执行它的军队。 A source close to the Obama transition team told IPS Tuesday that the chances that Gates would be nominated by Obama “are now about 10 percent”.消息来源奥巴马过渡小组告诉IPS周二的机会，盖茨将被提名的奥巴马“现在百分之十左右。 ” The source said that Obama is going to stick with his 16-month withdrawal timeline, despite the pressures now being brought to bear on him.这位人士说，奥巴马是要坚持他的16个月的撤军时间表，尽管目前的压力施加在他身上。 “There is no doubt about it,” said the source, who refused to elaborate because of the sensitivity of the matter. “毫无疑问， ”消息人士说，谁拒绝透露更详细的，因为对这个问题的敏感性。 Opposition to Obama’s pledge to withdraw combat troops from Iraq on a 16-month timetable is wide and deep in the US national security establishment and its political allies.反对奥巴马的承诺，撤出作战部队从伊拉克的16个月的时间表是广泛而深刻的美国国家安全建立及其政治盟友。 US military leaders have been unequivocal in rejecting any such rapid withdrawal from Iraq, and news media coverage of the issue has been based on the premise that Obama will have to modify his plan to make it acceptable to the military.美国军方领导人已明确拒绝任何这种迅速从伊拉克撤军，以及新闻媒体覆盖面的问题已依据的前提是，奥巴马将不得不修改他的计划，使其可以接受的军队。 The Washington Post published a story Monday saying that Adm. Michael Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, opposes Obama’s timeline for withdrawal as “dangerous”, insisting that “reductions must depend on conditions on the ground”.华盛顿邮报出版了一本故事星期一说，海军上将迈克尔马伦主席，参谋长联席会议，反对奥巴马的撤军时间表，因为“危险” ，坚持“减量必须依靠地面上的情况。 ” Along with Gen. David H. Petraeus, now the head of CENTCOM and responsible for the entire Middle East, and Gen. Ray Odierno, the new commander in Iraq, Mullen was portrayed as part of a phalanx of determined military opposition to Obama’s timeline.随着将军戴维H彼得雷乌斯，现在的负责人CENTCOM ，负责整个中东地区，并奥迪耶诺将军，新的指挥官在伊拉克，马伦被描绘的一部分，优质的决定军事反对奥巴马时间表。 Post reporters Alec MacGillis and Ann Scott Tyson cited “defence experts” as predicting a “smooth and productive” relationship between Obama and these military leaders “if Obama takes the pragmatic approach that his advisers are indicating, allowing each side to adjust at the margins.” But if Obama “presses for the withdrawal of two brigades per month,” the same analysts predicted, “conflict is inevitable.”邮报亚历克MacGillis和Ann斯科特泰森援引“国防专家”的预测， “顺利和富有成效的”奥巴马之间的关系，这些军事领导人： “如果奥巴马采取务实的态度，他的顾问表示，使每一方调整的幅度。 “但是，如果奥巴马”塑机撤出两个旅，每月“同一分析师预测， ”冲突是不可避免的。 “ The story quoted a former Bush administration National Security Council official, Peter D. Feaver, who was a strategic planner on the administration’s Iraq “surge” policy, as warning that Obama’s timetable would precipitate “a civil-military crisis” if Obama does not agree to the demands of Mullen, Petraeus and Odierno for greater flexibility.这个故事引用一位前布什政府国家安全委员会官员，彼得迪克森•费韦尔，谁是战略规划对政府的伊拉克“增兵”政策，作为警告说，奥巴马的时间表将沉淀“一个民事和军事危机” ，如果奥巴马不同意的要求马伦，彼得雷乌斯和奥迪耶诺有更大的灵活性。 Underlying the campaign of pressure is the assumption that Obama’s 16-month timetable is mainly posturing for political purposes during the primary campaign, and that Obama is not necessarily committed to the withdrawal plan.基本的运动压力，前提是奥巴马的16个月的时间表，主要是故作姿态，为政治目的服务期间的主要活动，而且奥巴马不一定是致力于撤军计划。 Feaver, who has returned to Duke University, said in an interview with IPS that he did not believe such a crisis was likely, because, “It is unlikely Obama will come in and do what he said he would do during the campaign.” Obama has given himself “enough wiggle room to change the plan”, Feaver said. •费韦尔，谁已返回美国杜克大学，在接受采访时说的新闻通讯社，他不认为这种危机可能，因为“这是不可能奥巴马将在做什么，他说，他将做在竞选期间。 ”奥巴马给自己“不够1943室改变计划” ， •费韦尔说。 Similarly CNN Pentagon correspondent Jamie McIntyre also reported Nov. 7 that Obama “gave himself some wiggle room” to respond to military demands for more flexibility.同样美国五角大楼记者杰米麦金太尔还报道11月7日是奥巴马“给了自己一些1943室” ，以应对军事要求更多的灵活性。 McIntyre said he had “pledged to consult US commanders and adjust as necessary”.麦金太尔说，他“保证协商，美军指挥官和必要的调整。 ” Obama’s website makes no such pledge to “adjust” the timetable.奥巴马的网站不作任何承诺，如“调整”的时间表。 Instead it says the “removal of our troops will be responsible and phased, directed by military commanders on the ground and done in consultation with the Iraqi government.” It defends the rate of withdrawal of one or two brigades per month and offers to leave a “residual force” in Iraq to “train and support the Iraqi forces as long as Iraqi leaders move toward political reconciliation and away from sectarianism.”相反，它说， “取消我们的部队将负责的和分阶段的，由军事指挥官在地面上进行协商与伊拉克政府。 ”捍卫它的速度撤出一个或两个旅，并每月提供离开“残余势力”在伊拉克的“训练和支持伊拉克部队，只要伊拉克领导人走向政治和解和远离宗派主义。 ” When Obama met with Petraeus in Baghdad in July, Petraeus presented a detailed case for a “conditions-based” withdrawal rather than Obama’s timetable and ended with a plea for “maximum flexibility” on a withdrawal schedule, according to Joe Klein’s account in Time Oct. 22.当奥巴马会见了彼得雷乌斯在巴格达7月，彼得雷乌斯提交了一份详细的个案为“条件为基础的”撤退，而不是奥巴马的时间表和结束时呼吁“最大限度的灵活性”上的撤离时间表，根据乔克莱因在时间到10月22日。 But Obama refused to back down, according to Klein’s account.但是，奥巴马拒绝回落，根据克莱因的帐户。 He told Petraeus, “Your job is to succeed in Iraq on as favourable terms as we can get.他告诉彼得雷乌斯： “你的工作是在伊拉克取得成功的有利条件，我们可以获得。 But my job as a potential commander in chief is to view your counsel and interests through the prism of our overall national security.” Obama defended his policy of a fixed date for withdrawal in light of the situation in Afghanistan, the costs of continued US occupation and the stress on US military forces.但是，我的工作视为一个潜在的总司令是查看您的律师和利益通过棱镜我们整体的国家安全。 “奥巴马辩护政策的一个固定的日期撤出鉴于阿富汗局势，费用美国继续占领并强调美国军队。 Opponents of Obama’s plan outside the Bush administration appear to be unaware of the fact that the Bush administration has already given up the “conditions-based withdrawal” that the US military has called for in agreeing to Iraqi demands for complete US withdrawal by the end of 2011.反对奥巴马的计划外，布什政府似乎不知道这一事实，即布什政府已经放弃了“条件为基础的撤退” ，美国军方已要求，同意向伊拉克要求美国撤军完成了到2011年底。 Feaver, the former strategic planner for National Security Adviser Stephen J. Hadley, said he assumes that, “if the US agreed to it, it preserves the flexibility that Petraeus and Odierno say they’ve needed all along.” •费韦尔，前战略规划的国家安全顾问斯蒂芬哈德利说，他认为， “如果美国同意，它保留了灵活性，彼得雷乌斯和奥迪耶诺说，他们已经都需要。 ” But even the small loophole left in previous versions of the text, allowing the 2011 deadline to be extended if the pact were revised with the agreement of the Iraqi parliament, has now been closed in the “final” version which the Bush administration submitted to the Maliki government last week, according to a Nov. 10 report by Associated Press, which had obtained a copy of the text.但即使是小的漏洞留在以前的版本的文字，使2011年的最后期限再延长该协议，如果修订的协议，伊拉克国民议会议长现在已经关闭在“最后”的版本，布什政府提交马利基政府上周，根据11月10日报告，美联社，其中已获得的文本。 *Gareth Porter is an investigative historian and journalist specialising in US national security policy. *加雷思波特是一个调查的历史学家和新闻记者，专门在美国国家安全政策。 The paperback edition of his latest book, “Perils of Dominance: Imbalance of Power and the Road to War in Vietnam”, was published in 2006 平装本的他的最新著作“危险的优势：失衡的电力和公路在越南战争” ，是2006年出版 Have Your Say: Obama Pressured to Back Off Iraq Withdrawal 你说：奥巴马施加压力，不得不让出位置，伊拉克撤出 Please read our请仔细阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting张贴在发布前的指导方针 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以讨论这份报告在这里 . 。 Related News 相关新闻
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