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Protokolhallelicht auf CIA Gebrauch von Schlafentzugfolterung
Montag, den 11. Mai 2009
By Greg Miller | Bericht von Washington - da Präsident Obama letzten Monat vorbereitete, um geheime Protokolle auf dem Gebrauch des CIA von strengen Befragungmethoden freizugeben, fing das Weiße Haus eine Aufregung von last-minute Anklänge auf. Ein kam vom ehemaligen CIA Direktor Michael V. Hayden, der Ungläubigkeit ausdrückte, daß die Leitung vorbereitet wurde, Methoden herauszustellen es, konnte später entscheiden, daß es benötigte. „Sind Sie mir erklärend, daß unter allen Bedingungen der Drohung, Sie behinderen nie den Schlafzyklus eines Häftlings?“ Hayden fragte einen oberen Hausbeamten, entsprechend Quellen mit dem Austausch vertraut. Vom Anfang war Schlafentzug eins der wichtigsten Elemente im Befragungprogramm des CIA gewesen, verwendet, Bruchdutzenden der vermuteten Terroristen zu helfen, weit mehr als die heftigsten Annäherungen. Und es gehört zu den Methoden die Agentur, die stark gekämpft wird, um zu halten. Die Technik wird jetzt durch Präsident Obamas Verbot im Januar auf rauhen Befragungmethoden verboten, obgleich eine Task Force seinen Gebrauch zusammen mit anderen Befragungmethoden wiederholt, welche die Agentur zukünftig einsetzen konnte. Because of its effectiveness — as well as the perception that it was less objectionable than waterboarding, head-slamming or forced nudity — sleep deprivation may be seen as a tempting technique to restore. Aber die Gerechtigkeit-Abteilung Protokolle gaben letzten Monat durch Obama frei, sowie die Informationen, die von den Beamten mit dem Programm vertraut zur Verfügung gestellt werden, anzeigen, daß die Methode, die miteinbezieht, angekettete Gefangene zu zwingen, manchmal für Tage am Ende zu stehen, innerhalb der US umstrittener war intelligence community than was widely known. Ein Report des CIA Oberinspektors, der 2004 herausgegeben wurde, war gegenüber dem Gebrauch der Agentur von Schlafentzug kritischer, als er von jeder möglicher anderen Methode außer dem Waterboarding, nach Ansicht der Beamten mit dem Dokument vertraut, war wegen, wie die Technik angewendet wurde. Die Gefangenen hatten ihre Füße shackled zum Fußboden und zu ihren Händen, die nah an ihren Kinnen, entsprechend den Gerechtigkeit-Abteilung Protokollen cuffed sind. Häftlinge waren plattiert nur in den Windeln und nicht gedurft sich einziehen. Ein Gefangener, der begann, weg zu treiben, um zu schlafen, würde über kippen und durch seine Ketten verfangen. Die Protokolle sagten, daß mehr als 25 der Gefangenen des CIA Schlafentzug unterworfen wurden. Bei einem Punkt durfte die Agentur, Gefangene wach zu halten für solange 11 Tage; the limit was later reduced to just over a week. According to the memos, medical personnel were to make sure prisoners weren’t injured. But a 2007 Red Cross report on the CIA program said that detainees’ wrists and ankles bore scars from their shackles. When detainees could no longer stand, they could be laid on the prison floor with their limbs “anchored to a far point on the floor in such a manner that the arms cannot be bent or used for balance or comfort,” a May 10, 2005, memo said. “The position is sufficiently uncomfortable to detainees to deprive them of unbroken sleep, while allowing their lower limbs to recover from the effects of standing,” it said. In the Red Cross report, prisoners said they were also subjected to loud music and repetitive noise. “I was kept sitting on a chair, shackled by hands and feet for two to three weeks,” said suspected Al Qaeda operative Abu Zubaydah, the first prisoner captured by the CIA, according to the Red Cross report. “If I started to fall asleep, a guard would come and spray water in my face.” In the Justice Department memos, sleep deprivation was described as part of a “baseline” phase of interrogation, categorized as less severe than other “corrective” or “coercive” methods. Within the CIA, sleep deprivation was seen as a method with the unique advantage of eroding prisoners’ will to resist without causing lasting harm. “Waterboarding was obviously the most controversial,” said a former senior U.S. government official who was briefed extensively on CIA interrogation operations. But “sleep deprivation is probably the most effective thing they had going.” Facing congressional efforts in 2005 and 2006 to block the use of certain techniques, CIA lawyers and Bush administration officials lobbied to keep a core set of methods, including sleep deprivation. In 2007, after a U.S. Supreme Court ruling compelled the White House to bring the CIA program into compliance with the Geneva Convention, President Bush signed an executive order that outlined detainees’ rights to the “basic necessities of life.” The order listed “adequate food and water, shelter from the elements, necessary clothing” and protection from extreme heat and cold. But it made no mention of sleep as a basic necessity. Current and former U.S. intelligence officials said sleep deprivation multiplied the coercive power of other techniques that included face-slapping and confinement in small boxes. “It was viewed as a tool that enabled all the others,” said a former CIA official directly involved in the program. The former official, like others, described internal thinking on condition of anonymity. The Justice Department memos also cited research that suggested sleep deprivation was not harmful. “Experience with sleep deprivation shows that ’surprisingly, little seemed to go wrong with the subjects physically,’ ” said the May 10, 2005, Justice Department memo — one of many instances in which government lawyers cited scientific papers in asserting that the program was safe. But some authors of those studies have since said that the conclusions of their research were grossly misapplied. James Horne, director of the Sleep Research Center at Loughborough University in Britain, said he was never consulted by U.S. officials and didn’t know how his work was being used until the memos were released. “My response was shocked concern,” Horne said in an e-mail interview. Just because the pain of sleep deprivation “can’t be measured in terms of physical injury or appearance . . . does not mean that the mental anguish is not as bad.” Horne said that it was dangerous for the CIA to extrapolate from independent research in which subjects had gone for as long as a week without sleep, voluntarily, and were free to eat, rest, watch television or leave the research facility at any time. By contrast, CIA prisoners were subjected to major additional stresses that risk physical and mental collapse. “To claim that 180 hours is safe in these respects is nonsense,” Horne wrote in a separate online posting. Even if sleep deprivation succeeded in getting prisoners to talk, he said, “I would doubt whether the state of mind would be able to produce credible information, unaffected by delusion, fantasy or suggestibility.” Have Your Say: Memos shed light on CIA use of sleep deprivation torture Please read our posting guidelines before posting. Alternatively you can discuss this report here. Related News
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