Gitmo Trials Rigged from the Start?關塔那摩審判造，從一開始？

By 由 Ross Tuttle 羅斯塔特爾

A damning new interview reveals that the Gitmo trials are only for show. 1譴責新的訪談顯示，關塔那摩的審判，只是花瓶而已。

Secret evidence.秘密證據。 Denial of habeas corpus.剝奪人身保護令。 Evidence obtained by waterboarding.所獲得的證據waterboarding 。 Indefinite detention.無限期拘留。 The litany of complaints about the legal treatment of prisoners at Guantánamo Bay is long, disturbing and by now familiar.在一連串的抱怨法律對待囚犯在關塔那摩灣是漫長的，令人不安的和現在所熟悉。 Nonetheless, a new wave of shock and criticism greeted the Pentagon’s announcement on February 11 that it was charging six Guantánamo detainees, including alleged 9/11 mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, with war crimes — and seeking the death penalty for all of them.然而，新一波的衝擊和批評，迎接美國五角大樓正式宣布2月11日，這是收費的六個關塔那摩被拘留者，包括被指控9 / 11事件主謀哈立德謝赫穆罕默德與戰爭罪行-並尋求判處死刑，為他們所有人。

As the murky, quasi-legal staging of the Bush Administration’s military commissions unfolds, a key official has told The Nation that the trials are rigged from the start.由於濁水，準法律分期中，布什政府的軍事委員會的逐步落實，其中一個關鍵的官員告訴全國說，審判是造，從一開始的。 According to Col. Morris Davis, former chief prosecutor for Guantánamo’s military commissions, the process has been manipulated by Administration appointees in an attempt to foreclose the possibility of acquittal.據上校莫里斯戴維斯，前首席檢察官關塔那摩的軍事委員會，進程一直操縱政府任命中，企圖預先排除無罪釋放。

Colonel Davis’s criticism of the commissions has been escalating since he resigned this past October, telling the上校戴維斯的批評，該委員會不斷升級，因為他辭職，這在過去10月，告訴

Washington Post that he had been pressured by politically appointed senior defense officials to pursue cases deemed “sexy” and of “high-interest” (such as the 9/11 cases now being pursued) in the run-up to the 2008 elections. 華盛頓郵報說，他已經迫於政治任命的高級防務官員，以追求案件被視為"性感"和"高利息" （如9 / 11宗個案，當局正）由現在至2008年大選。 Davis, once a staunch defender of the commissions process, elaborated on his reasons in a December 10, 2007, Los Angeles Times op-ed.戴維斯，一旦堅定捍衛者的佣金過程中，闡述了他的理由，在2007年12月10日， 洛杉磯時報專欄版。 “I concluded that full, fair and open trials were not possible under the current system,” he wrote. "我的結論是，全面，公平和公開的審判都是不可能的，根據現行制度， "他寫道。 “I felt that the system had become deeply politicized and that I could no longer do my job effectively.” "我認為，該系統已成為深受政治化，並說我可以不再做我的工作，有效地" 。

Then, in an interview with The Nation in February after the six Guantánamo detainees were charged, Davis offered the most damning evidence of the military commissions’ bias — a revelation that speaks to fundamental flaws in the Bush Administration’s conduct of statecraft: its contempt for the rule of law and its pursuit of political objectives above all else.然後，在一次採訪中，與全國 2月後， 6個關塔那摩囚犯被起訴，戴維斯提供了最確鑿的證據表明軍事委員會的偏見-一個啟示，即講根本性缺陷，在布什政府的行為治國：它蔑視對於法治及其追求的政治目標高於一切。

When asked if he thought the men at Guantánamo could receive a fair trial, Davis provided the following account of an August 2005 meeting he had with Pentagon general counsel William Haynes — the man who now oversees the tribunal process for the Defense Department.當被問及他是否認為男人在關塔那摩能獲得公平的審訊，戴維斯提供了下列帳戶的一個2005年8月會議上，他曾與國防部法律總顧問威廉海恩斯-人，現在負責監督庭過程中，為國防部。 “[Haynes] said these trials will be the Nuremberg of our time,” recalled Davis, referring to the Nazi tribunals in 1945, considered the model of procedural rights in the prosecution of war crimes. "海恩斯說，這些審判將紐倫堡"我們這個時代的回憶戴維斯在談到納粹法庭在1945年，考慮到模型的程序性權利在起訴的戰爭罪行。 In response, Davis said he noted that at Nuremberg there had been some acquittals, something that had lent great credibility to the proceedings.對此，戴維斯說，他注意到，在紐倫堡出現了一些被宣告無罪，這給予了很大的可信性，以訴訟程序。

“I said to him that if we come up short and there are some acquittals in our cases, it will at least validate the process,” Davis continued.他說： "我向他保證，如果我們拿出短，也有一些人無罪釋放，在我們的情況下，這將至少在驗證過程中， "戴維斯繼續進行。 “At which point, [Haynes’s] eyes got wide and he said, ‘Wait a minute, we can’t have acquittals. "而此時， [海恩斯的]眼睛得到廣泛他說， '等一等，我們就不能擁有無罪釋放。 If we’ve been holding these guys for so long, how can we explain letting them get off?如果我們已經持有這些傢伙這麼久，我們又如何解釋，讓他們下車？ We can’t have acquittals, we’ve got to have convictions.’”我們不能宣告無罪，我們已經準備好要被定罪" 。

Davis submitted his resignation on October 4, 2007, just hours after he was informed that Haynes had been put above him in the commissions’ chain of command.戴維斯提出辭職，對2007年10月4日，幾個小時後，他被告知，海恩斯已放置在他之上，在各委員會的指揮鏈。 “Everyone has opinions,” Davis says. "人人有意見， "戴維斯說。 “But when he was put above me, his opinions became orders.” "但是當他把上述我，他的意見成為命令" 。

(Reached for comment, Defense Department spokesperson Cynthia Smith said, “The Department of Defense disputes the assertions made by Colonel Davis in this statement regarding acquittals.”) （就此發表評論，國防部發言人辛西婭史密斯說： "國防部門的糾紛斷言所作上校戴維斯在該聲明中關於無罪釋放" ） 。

“That he said there can be no acquittals will stain the entire [tribunal] process,” says Scott Horton, who teaches law at Columbia University Law School and who has written extensively about Haynes’s conflicts with the Judge Advocate General’s (JAG) corps, the judicial arm of the Armed Forces, which is charged with implementing the military commissions. "他說，不可能有任何人無罪開釋，將髒污整個[法庭]過程中， "斯科特說，霍頓，誰教法在哥倫比亞大學法學院，並已致函廣泛約海恩斯的衝突與軍法署署長（聯合諮詢組）總隊，司法武裝的軍隊，這是負責執行軍事委員會。 According to Horton, Haynes tried to cut the JAG corps out of internal debates over the detention and prosecution of detainees, knowing it was critical of the Administration’s views.據霍頓，海恩斯試圖削減聯合諮詢組兵團出於內部爭論，拘留和起訴的被拘留者，明知有人批評政府當局的意見。 In private memos and in public Senate testimony, high-ranking officers of the corps have repeatedly expressed concerns about the Administration’s advocacy of “extreme interrogation techniques.”在私人備忘錄，並在公共參議院作證時，軍隊高級將領的兵團已多次表示，關注政府的倡導的"極端審訊手段" 。

“The JAG corps consists of a group of rigorous professionals, but Haynes never trusted them to do their job,” says Horton. "聯合諮詢組的隊伍組成，一組嚴峻的專業人員，但海恩斯永遠值得信賴的，他們做他們的工作，說： "霍頓。 “His clashes have always had the same subtext — they want to be independent, he wants them to do political dirty-work.” "他的衝突中一直有著相同的潛台詞-他們要獨立出來的，他要讓他們做政治骯髒的工作" 。

Haynes, a political appointee and chief legal adviser to Defense secretaries Donald Rumsfeld and Robert Gates, was nominated in 2006 by the Bush Administration for a lifetime seat as a judge in the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.海恩斯，政治任命官員和首席法律顧問，以國防部長拉姆斯菲爾德和羅伯特蓋茨被提名為2006年布什政府為一輩子的席位作為一名法官，在上訴法院第四電路。 But his nomination never got out of committee, primarily because of the opposition of Republican Senator (and former military lawyer) Lindsey Graham and other members alarmed over Haynes’s role in writing or supervising the writing of Pentagon memos advocating the use of harsh interrogation techniques the Geneva Conventions classify as torture.但他的提名從來沒有失控，主要是因為在野的共和黨參議員（和前軍事律師）格雷厄姆和其他成員震驚超過海恩斯的作用，以書面或監督寫作的五角大樓備忘錄提倡使用嚴酷的審問技巧日內瓦四公約列為酷刑。

Currently, in his capacity as Pentagon general counsel, Haynes oversees both the prosecution and the defense for the commissions.目前，在他的身份五角大樓總法律顧問，海恩斯監督兩檢方和國防部為佣金。 “You would think a person in that position wouldn’t be favoring one side,” says Colonel Davis. "你會覺得一個人在這方面的立場，不會偏袒一方，說： "上校戴維斯。

Told of Davis’s story about Haynes, Clive Stafford Smith, a defense attorney who has represented more than seventy Guantánamo clients, said, “Hearing it makes me think I’m back in Mississippi representing a black man in front of an all-white jury.”告訴戴維斯的故事海恩斯，克萊夫斯塔福德史密斯，一名辯護律師，他們代表了七十多關塔納摩的客戶，說： "聽，讓我覺得我回來了，在密西西比州代表一個黑人男子在前面的一個全白陪審團" 。

He adds, “It confirms what people close to the system have always said,” noting that when three prosecutors — Maj. Robert Preston, Capt. John Carr and Capt. Carrie Wolf — requested to be transferred out of the Office of Military Commissions in 2004, they claimed they’d been told the process was rigged.他還表示， "這證實了人們接近該系統一直在說， "他指出當3個檢察官-少校羅伯特P reston表示，約翰上尉卡爾上尉載體狼來了-要求予以調離辦公室軍事委員會2004年，他們聲稱他們自己被告訴的過程中存在舞弊現象。 In an e-mail to his supervisors, Preston had said that there was thin evidence against the accused.在一份電子郵件給他的上司， Preston表示曾表示，有薄證據對被告。 “But they were told by the chief prosecutor at the time that they didn’t need evidence to get convictions,” says Stafford Smith. " ，但他們被告知，由終審法院首席檢察官的時候，他們並不需要證據，以取得理想信念，說： "斯塔福德史密斯。

At the time, the military wrote it off as “miscommunication” and “personality conflicts.” And then there were changes in personnel.在那個時候，軍事寫小康為"誤傳"及"人格的衝突" ，然後再有變化，在人才。 “They told us that the system had been cleaned up … but I guess the more things change, the more they stay the same,” says Stafford Smith. "他們告訴我們，該系統已被清理了… …但是我猜想更多的事情改變，他們越是留一樣的，說： "斯塔福德史密斯。

The terrible irony is that even if acquittals were possible, the government has declared that it can continue to detain anyone deemed an “enemy combatant” for the duration of hostilities–no matter the outcome of a trial.可怕的諷刺的是，即使無罪釋放可能的，政府已宣布，它可以繼續扣留任何人當作"敵方戰鬥人員"為期限的敵對行動-不管結果試行。 And most of the 275 men held at Guantánamo are classified as “enemy combatants” while the hostilities in the “war on terror” could be never-ending.而且大部分的275名官兵舉行了在關塔那摩被列為"敵方戰鬥人員" ，而敵對行動在"反恐戰爭" ，可沒有止境的。

Says ACLU staff attorney Ben Wizner, “The trial doesn’t make a difference.美國民權聯盟表示，律政司的工作人員賁維茲奈爾， "審判不做出不同反應。 They can hold you there forever until they decide to let you out.” The one person to be released from Guantánamo through the judicial process, Australian David Hicks, pleaded guilty.他們能容納你有永遠，直到他們決定讓你" ，一人被釋放，從關塔那摩透過司法程序，澳洲大衛希克斯，認罪。 As Wizner wrote in the Los Angeles Times in April 2007, “In an ordinary justice system, the accused must be acquitted to be released.作為維茲奈爾中寫道洛杉磯時報在2007年4月， "在一個普通的司法系統中，被告必須被宣告無罪予以放行。 In Guantánamo, the accused must plead guilty to be released.”在關塔那摩監獄中，被告要認罪，予以放行" 。

Still, the trials serve a purpose for the government, in providing the semblance of a legitimate judicial process.儘管如此，審判服務的宗旨，為政府，在提供相似的一個合法的司法程序。 According to defense attorneys involved — and many of the former prosecutors, like Davis — the process is political, not legal.據辯護律師參與-和許多前檢察官，像戴維斯-過程是政治性的，不是合法的。

“If someone was acquitted, then it would suggest we did the wrong thing in the first place. "如果有人被宣判無罪，那麼，它會建議我們做錯誤的東西擺在首位。 That can’t happen,” says Horton sardonically.這不可能實現的，說： "霍頓冷眼相待。 “When the government decides to clear someone, it calls the person ‘no-longer an enemy combatant’ instead of just saying they made a mistake.” "當政府決定將明確某人，它要求人'不長敵方戰鬥人員' ，而不是只說，他們犯了一個錯誤" 。

He adds, “For people like Haynes, justice is meant to serve the party.”他補充說， "人們喜歡海恩斯，正義，是為了服務於黨" 。

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