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Did the US Lie About Using Cluster Bombs in Iraq?沒有美國的謊言有關使用集束炸彈在伊拉克？ Saturday, May 26th, 2007 週六， 2007年5月26日 At a time when many nations are moving toward banning the use of cluster munitions, which pose a more serious threat to civilians than any other type of weaponry, the US opposes new limits of any kind.在的時候，許多國家的走向，禁止使用集束彈藥，構成更嚴重的對平民的威脅比任何其他類型的武器裝備，美國反對新的限制任何形式的保證。 A shorter version of this piece appears in this week’s 較短的版本，這片出現在本星期的 Nation Magazine 民族雜誌 . 。 Did the US military use cluster bombs in Iraq in 2006 and then lie about it?當時，美軍使用集束炸彈在伊拉克於2006年，然後的謊言呢？ Does the US military keep the numbers of rockets and cannon rounds fired from its planes and helicopters secret because more Iraqi civilians have died due to their use than any other type of weaponry?是否美國軍方保持的數目火箭和大砲發射的子彈從飛機和直升機秘密，因為更多的伊拉克平民死亡，由於其使用比任何其他類型的武器裝備呢？ These are just two of the many unanswered questions related to the largely uncovered air war the US military has been waging in Iraq.這些都只是兩所許多無法回答的問題，涉及到，主要是發現空氣戰爭，美國軍方已發動在伊拉克。 What we do know is this: Since the major combat phase of the war ended in April 2003, the US military has dropped at least 59,787 pounds of air-delivered cluster bombs in Iraq — the very type of weapon that Marc Garlasco, the senior military analyst at Human Rights Watch (HRW) calls, “the single greatest risk civilians face with regard to a current weapon that is in use.” We also know that, according to expert opinion, rockets and cannon fire from US aircraft may account for most US and coalition-attributed Iraqi civilian deaths and that the Pentagon has restocked hundreds of millions of dollars worth of these weapons in recent years.我們做什麼都知道是這樣的：由於主要作戰階段的結束，在2003年4月，美國軍方已降至最低限度五九七八七磅空氣集束炸彈在伊拉克-非常類型的武器，馬克加拉斯科，高級軍事分析師人權觀察組織（人權觀察）呼籲， “單一最大危險的平民面對方面，目前的武器，正在使用中。 ”我們也知道，根據專家的意見，火箭和火砲的射擊美軍飛機可能佔多數在美國和聯軍部隊-歸因於伊拉克平民的死亡和說，五角大樓已restocked數以百計的價值數百萬美元的這些武器在近幾年。 Unfortunately, thanks to an utter lack of coverage by the mainstream media, what we don’t know about the air war in Iraq so far outweighs what we do know that anything but the most minimal picture of the nature of destruction from the air in that country simply can’t be painted.不幸的是，由於缺乏一個完全的覆蓋面由主流媒體，什麼我們不知道空氣在伊拉克戰爭，所以遠遠大於我們做什麼知道什麼，但最起碼的圖片的性質，銷毀，從空中在這國家，根本不能畫。 Instead, think of the story of US air power in Iraq as a series of tiny splashes of lurid color on a largely blank canvas.反之，認為這個故事的美國空中力量在伊拉克的一系列微小的splashes的lurid顏色就基本上是空白的畫布。 Cluster Bombs 集束炸彈 Even among the least covered aspects of the air war in Iraq, the question of cluster-bomb (CBU) use remains especially shadowy.即使在最不發達國家所涵蓋的方面的空氣，伊拉克戰爭的問題，集束炸彈（ CBU國際）仍然使用，尤其是影子。 This is hardly surprising.這是不足為奇的。 After all, at a time when many nations are moving toward banning the use of cluster munitions — at a February 2007 conference in Oslo, Norway, 46 of 48 governments represented supported a declaration for a new international treaty and ban on the weapons by 2008 — the US stands with China, Israel, Pakistan, and Russia in opposing new limits of any kind.畢竟，在的時候，許多國家的走向，禁止使用集束彈藥-在2 007年2月會議在挪威的奧斯陸， 4 64 8代表的各國政府支持的一項宣言制定一項新國際條約和關於禁止武器到2 008年-美國的立場與中國，以色列，巴基斯坦和俄羅斯在反對新的限制任何形式的保證。 Little wonder.毫不奇怪。 The US military has a staggering arsenal of these weapons.美國軍方有一個驚人的阿森納這些武器。 According to a recent Human Rights Watch report, the Army holds 88% of the Pentagon’s CBU inventory — at least 638.3 million of the cluster bomblets that are stored inside each cluster munition; the Air Force and Navy, according to Department of Defense figures, have 22.2 million and 14.7 million of the bomblets, respectively.根據最近一個人權觀察組織的報告，軍隊舉行， 88 ％的五角大樓的CBU國際存貨-至少6 .383億的集束炸彈是儲存內每個集束彈藥;空軍和海軍，根據國防部門的數字， 22200000和14700000的炸彈，分別。 And even these numbers are considered undercounts by experts.即使這些數字被認為是undercounts專家。 A cluster bomb bursts above the ground, releasing hundreds of smaller, deadly submunitions or “bomblets” that increase the weapon’s kill radius causing, as Garlasco puts it, “indiscriminate effects.” It’sa weapon, he notes, that “cannot distinguish between a civilian and a soldier when employed because of its wide coverage area.一個集束炸彈爆裂的高於地面，釋放數百個規模較小的，致命的彈藥或“炸彈” ，增加武器的殺傷半徑造成，加拉斯科的說法， “濫殺濫傷作用的。 ”這是武器，他指出， “不能區分平民和一名士兵時，僱用是因為其廣泛的覆蓋範圍。 If you’re dropping the weapon and you blow your target up you’re also hitting everything within a football field.如果您放棄核武器和你的打擊，您的目標了您也打盡一個足球場內。 So to use it in proximity to civilians is inviting a violation of the laws of armed conflict.”因此，使用它在接近平民是邀請違反了武裝衝突法“ 。 Worse yet, US cluster munitions have a high failure rate.更糟糕的是，美國的集束彈藥，有很高的失敗率。 A sizeable number of dud bomblets fall to the ground and become de facto landmines which, Garlasco points out, are “already banned by most nations on this planet.” Garlasco adds: “I don’t see how any use of the current US cluster bomb arsenal in proximity to civilian objects can be defended in any way as being legal or legitimate.”相當多的啞彈炸彈，跌倒在地上，並成為事實上的地雷，加拉斯科所指出的那樣，是“已經明令禁止的大多數國家在這個星球上” 。加拉斯科補充說： “我看不出任何使用美國目前的集群阿森納炸彈在接近民用物體，可以辯護，以任何方式作為法律或合法的“ 。 In an email message earlier this year, a US Central Command Air Forces (CENTAF) spokesman told this reporter that “there were no instances” of CBU usage in Iraq in 2006.在一封電子郵件在今年早些時候，美國中央司令部空軍（ centaf ）發言人告訴記者， “有沒有實例” CBU國際使用在伊拉克於2006年。 But military documents suggest this might not be the case.但軍事文件顯示，這可能並非如此。 Last year, Titus Peachey of the Mennonite Central Committee — an organization that has studied the use of cluster munitions for more than 30 years — filed a Freedom of Information Act request concerning the US military’s use of cluster bombs in Iraq since “major combat operations” officially ended in that country.去年，提圖斯peachey的門諾派中央委員會-該組織研究了集束彈藥的使用3 0年以上-提交了資訊自由法的要求，有關美軍的使用集束炸彈在伊拉克以來，“主要作戰行動“正式結束在該國。 In their response, the Air Force confirmed that 63 CBU-87 cluster bombs were dropped in Iraq between May 1, 2003 and August 1, 2006.在他們的回應，空軍證實， 63 CBU國際- 87顆集束炸彈投在伊拉克之間的2003年5月1日和2006年8月1日。 A CENTAF spokesman contacted for confirmation that none of these were dropped on or after January 1, 2006, offered no response. 1 centaf發言人聯繫確認，沒有這些都是下降一月一日或以後， 2006年，所提供的沒有反應。 His superior officer, Lt. Col. Johnn Kennedy, the Deputy Director of CENTAF Public Affairs, similarly ignored this reporter’s requests for clarification.他的上司主任，中校johnn英豪，副主任centaf公共事務，同樣忽視了這個記者的要求澄清。 These 12,726 BLU-97 bomblets — each CBU-87 contains 202 BLU-97s or “Combined Effects Bombs” (CEBs) which have anti-personnel, anti-tank, and incendiary capabilities or “kill mechanisms” — dropped since May 2003 are, according to statistics provided by Human Rights Watch, in addition to almost two million cluster submunitions used by coalition forces in Iraq in March and April 2003.這些12726藍光- 97炸彈-每個C BU國際- 8 7包含2 02藍光9 7s或“綜合作用的炸彈” （ c ebs） ，其中有殺傷人員，反坦克，燃燒的能力，或“殺機制” -下降，自2 0 03年5月，據統計所提供的人權觀察中，除了幾乎2000000集束子彈藥所用的聯軍在伊拉克在3月和2003年4月。 Asked about CBU usage by the Air Force in Iraq in 2006, Ali al-Fadhily, an independent Iraqi journalist, commented: “The use of cluster bombs is a sure thing, but it was very difficult to prove because there were no international experts to document it.” In the past, however, international experts have actually had a chance to examine some locations where a fraction of the bomblets that coalition forces used have landed.問CBU國際使用由空軍在伊拉克於2006年，東阿里fadhily ，一個獨立的伊拉克記者，評論說： “使用集束炸彈是一種肯定的事，但這是很難證明的，因為有沒有國際專家文件。 ： “在過去，不過，國際專家，其實有機會研究了一些地方的一小部分，炸彈，盟軍使用的降落。 On a 2004 research trip to Iraq, for instance, Titus Peachey visited numerous sites which had experienced such strikes.對2004年的一項研究訪問伊拉克，舉例來說，提圖斯peachey訪問了許多網站，其中經歷過這樣的打擊。 At a farm in northern Iraq, he was shown not only impact craters from exploded bomblets on a farmer’s property but also unexploded bomblets, by a team from the Mines Advisory Group, a humanitarian organization devoted to landmine and bomb clearance.在一個農場在伊拉克北部，他表明，不僅衝擊坑，從爆炸的炸彈，對農民的財產，而且未爆炸的炸彈，由一組由地雷諮詢小組，一個人道主義組織專門的地雷和炸彈的清關之用。 While “the de-miners expressed frustration that the farmer had planted his field before it had been cleared,” Peachey explained that this was a common, if dangerous, practice in such situations.而“德-礦工表示失望，該農民已種植了他的領域之前，它已被清除， ” peachey解釋說，這是一個共同的，如果有危險，實踐在這種情況下。 The US used similar ordnance in Laos during the Vietnam War, he pointed out, noting:美國使用類似的彈藥在老撾越南戰爭期間，他指出，注意到：
Evidence of these risks can be found in US military documents.的證據，這些風險可以發現在美國的軍事文件。 Case in point: a June 2005 internal memorandum from the US Army’s 42d Infantry Division which describes how a 15-year old Iraqi boy, working as a shepherd, “was leading the sheep through north Tikrit, near an ammo storage site, when he picked up a UXO [unexploded ordnance] from a cluster bomb.典型的例子： 2005年6月的內部備忘錄，由美陸軍的42d步兵師，其中介紹了如何一個15歲伊拉克男孩，工作作為一個牧羊人， “領導羊通過北提克里特附近的一個彈藥儲存場址，當他拿起一未爆彈藥[未爆彈藥]從一個集束炸彈。 The UXO detonated and he was killed.” Asked to pay $3,000 in compensation for the boy’s life, the Army granted that his death was “a horrible loss for the claimant,” his mother, but concluded that there was “insufficient evidence to indicate that US.未爆彈藥引爆，他被打死。 “被要求支付3000美元的賠償為男童的生命，軍隊理所當然地認為他的去世是”一個可怕的損失，索賠人， “他的母親，但得出的結論是”證據不足表明美國。 Forces caused the death.”勢力所造成的死亡“ 。 Iraqi documents also chronicle the effects of air-delivered cluster munitions.伊拉克文件還紀事影響空投集束彈藥。 Take a September 2006 report by the Conservation Center of Environment & Reserves, an Iraqi non-governmental organization (NGO), examining alleged violations of the laws of war by US forces during the April 2004 siege of Fallujah.以2006年9月的報告，由養護中心環境與儲備，一個伊拉克非政府組織（ NGO ） ，審查涉嫌違反戰爭法的美軍在2004年4月圍攻費盧杰。 According to its partial list of civilian deaths, at least 53 people were killed by air-launched cluster bombs in the city that April.根據其部分清單平民死亡，至少53人死亡，由空中發射的集束炸彈在城市四月。 An analysis of data collected by another Iraqi NGO, the Iraqi Health and Social Care Organization, showed that, between March and June 2006, of 193 war-injured casualties analyzed, 148 (77%) were the result of cluster munitions of unspecified type.分析收集到的數據由另一伊拉克的非政府組織，伊拉克衛生和社會保健組織，結果表明， 3月至2006年6月， 193名戰爭中受傷的傷亡人數分析， 148 （ 77 ％ ）的結果，集束彈藥的具體類型。 Air War, Iraq: 2006 空氣戰爭，伊拉克： 2006 While cluster bombs remain a point of contention, Air Force officials do acknowledge that US military and coalition aircraft dropped at least 111,000 pounds of other types of bombs on targets in Iraq in 2006.而集束炸彈仍然是一個爭論點，空軍官員承認，美軍和聯軍飛機下降至少一十一點一零零萬英鎊其他類型的炸彈就在伊拉克的目標在2006年。 This figure — 177 bombs in all — does not include guided missiles or unguided rockets fired, or cannon rounds expended; nor, according to a CENTAF spokesman, does it take into account the munitions used by some Marine Corps and other coalition fixed-wing aircraft or any Army or Marine Corps helicopter gunships; nor does it include munitions used by the armed helicopters of the many這個數字-1 77枚炸彈全部-不包括制導導彈或無制導火箭發射，或景隆輪花費也，根據一項ce ntaf發言人，是否顧及所用彈藥的一些海軍陸戰隊和其他聯盟固定翼飛機或任何軍隊或海軍陸戰隊的武裝直升機，也不包括彈藥所用的武裝直升機的許多 private security contractors私人保安承辦商 flying their own missions in Iraq.懸掛其自己的使命在伊拉克。 In statistics provided to me, CENTAF reported a total of 10,519 “close air support missions” in Iraq in 2006, during which its aircraft dropped those 177 bombs and fired 52 “Hellfire/Maverick missiles.” The Guided Bomb Unit-12, a laser-guided bomb with a 500-pound general purpose warhead — 95 of which were reportedly dropped in 2006 — was the most frequently used bomb in Iraq last year, according to CENTAF.在提供的統計數據對我來說， centaf共報告了10519 “近距離空中支援任務： ”在伊拉克於2006年，在其飛機下降，那些177炸彈並發射了52個“地獄火/野牛導彈”制導炸彈單位- 12 ，激光-制導炸彈與500磅重的彈頭，一般用途-9 5，其中下降，據報在2 006年-是最常用的炸彈在伊拉克去年，根據ce ntaf。 In addition, 67 satellite-guided, 500-pound GBU-38s and 15 2,000-pound GBU-31/32 munitions were also dropped on Iraqi targets in 2006, according to official US figures.此外， 67歲的衛星制導，重達500磅的gbu - 38s和15 2000英鎊gbu-31/32彈藥也下降對伊拉克的目標在2006年，根據美國官方的數字。 There is no independent way, however, to confirm the accuracy of this official count.有沒有獨立的方式，但是，確認的準確性，這位官員計數。 Rockets 火箭 Rockets, like the 2.75-inch Hydra-70 rocket which can be outfitted with various warheads and fired from either fixed-wing aircraft or most military helicopters, are conspicuously absent from the totals — so as not to “skew the tally and present an inaccurate picture of the air campaign,” said a CENTAF spokesman mysteriously.火箭隊一樣， 2.75英寸水螅- 70火箭，可配備不同的彈頭和發射了無論從固定翼飛機或大部分軍用直升機，是突出的缺席，從總數-不使“斜計數和目前的不準確圖片的空氣運動，說： “ centaf發言人神秘。 If released, these figures might, however, prove impressive indeed.如果公佈，這些數字可能，不過，確實令人印象深刻的證明。 According to a 2005根據一項2005年 press release新聞發布 issued by Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT), who helped secure a five-year, $900 million Hydra contract from the Army for General Dynamics, “the widely used Hydra-70 rocket… has seen extensive use in Afghanistan and Iraq… [and] has become the world’s most widely used helicopter-launched weapon system.” By this所發出的參議員帕特里克萊希（四-佛蒙特州） ，誰幫助安全一項為期五年的，九○○○○○○○○美元水螅合同從軍隊為通用動力公司， “廣泛使用的水螅- 70火箭…看到了廣泛的使用在阿富汗和伊拉克… … [和]已經成為世界上使用最廣泛的直升機發射的武器系統。 “這 April 4月 , $502 million in orders for the Hydra-70 had been placed by the Army since the contract was awarded. ，五萬○二百點○萬美元在訂單為Hydra - 70已被放在由陸軍，因為合同被授予。 See More: 看到更多的： Iraq 伊拉克Have Your Say: Did the US Lie About Using Cluster Bombs in Iraq? 有您這樣說：沒有美國的謊言有關使用集束炸彈在伊拉克？ Please note, only selected comments will be published.請注意，只有選定的評論將出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或討論這個報告在我們的新論壇 This entry was posted on Saturday, May 26th, 2007 at 7:20 pm and is filed under 此項目被張貼在週六， 2007年5月26日在下午7點20分，並提交下 War & Terrorism News 戰爭和恐怖主義新聞 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反應，此項目通過 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 餵養。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回應 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 從你自己的網站。 | Translations 翻譯               Free Newsletter 免費通訊 Related News 相關新聞
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