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Did the US Lie About Using Cluster Bombs in Iraq?没有美国的谎言有关使用集束炸弹在伊拉克？ Saturday, May 26th, 2007 周六， 2007年5月26日 At a time when many nations are moving toward banning the use of cluster munitions, which pose a more serious threat to civilians than any other type of weaponry, the US opposes new limits of any kind.在的时候，许多国家的走向，禁止使用集束弹药，构成更严重的对平民的威胁比任何其他类型的武器装备，美国反对新的限制任何形式的保证。 A shorter version of this piece appears in this week’s 较短的版本，这片出现在本星期的 Nation Magazine 民族杂志 . 。 Did the US military use cluster bombs in Iraq in 2006 and then lie about it?当时，美军使用集束炸弹在伊拉克于2006年，然后的谎言呢？ Does the US military keep the numbers of rockets and cannon rounds fired from its planes and helicopters secret because more Iraqi civilians have died due to their use than any other type of weaponry?是否美国军方保持的数目火箭和大炮发射的子弹从飞机和直升机秘密，因为更多的伊拉克平民死亡，由于其使用比任何其他类型的武器装备呢？ These are just two of the many unanswered questions related to the largely uncovered air war the US military has been waging in Iraq.这些都只是两所许多无法回答的问题，涉及到，主要是发现空气战争，美国军方已发动在伊拉克。 What we do know is this: Since the major combat phase of the war ended in April 2003, the US military has dropped at least 59,787 pounds of air-delivered cluster bombs in Iraq — the very type of weapon that Marc Garlasco, the senior military analyst at Human Rights Watch (HRW) calls, “the single greatest risk civilians face with regard to a current weapon that is in use.” We also know that, according to expert opinion, rockets and cannon fire from US aircraft may account for most US and coalition-attributed Iraqi civilian deaths and that the Pentagon has restocked hundreds of millions of dollars worth of these weapons in recent years.我们做什么都知道是这样的：由于主要作战阶段的结束，在2003年4月，美国军方已降至最低限度五九七八七磅空气集束炸弹在伊拉克-非常类型的武器，马克加拉斯科，高级军事分析师人权观察组织（人权观察）呼吁， “单一最大危险的平民面对方面，目前的武器，正在使用中。 ”我们也知道，根据专家的意见，火箭和火炮的射击美军飞机可能占多数在美国和联军部队-归因于伊拉克平民的死亡和说，五角大楼已restocked数以百计的价值数百万美元的这些武器在近几年。 Unfortunately, thanks to an utter lack of coverage by the mainstream media, what we don’t know about the air war in Iraq so far outweighs what we do know that anything but the most minimal picture of the nature of destruction from the air in that country simply can’t be painted.不幸的是，由于缺乏一个完全的覆盖面由主流媒体，什么我们不知道空气在伊拉克战争，所以远远大于我们做什么知道什么，但最起码的图片的性质，销毁，从空中在这国家，根本不能画。 Instead, think of the story of US air power in Iraq as a series of tiny splashes of lurid color on a largely blank canvas.反之，认为这个故事的美国空中力量在伊拉克的一系列微小的splashes的lurid颜色就基本上是空白的画布。 Cluster Bombs 集束炸弹 Even among the least covered aspects of the air war in Iraq, the question of cluster-bomb (CBU) use remains especially shadowy.即使在最不发达国家所涵盖的方面的空气，伊拉克战争的问题，集束炸弹（ CBU国际）仍然使用，尤其是影子。 This is hardly surprising.这是不足为奇的。 After all, at a time when many nations are moving toward banning the use of cluster munitions — at a February 2007 conference in Oslo, Norway, 46 of 48 governments represented supported a declaration for a new international treaty and ban on the weapons by 2008 — the US stands with China, Israel, Pakistan, and Russia in opposing new limits of any kind.毕竟，在的时候，许多国家的走向，禁止使用集束弹药-在2 007年2月会议在挪威的奥斯陆， 4 64 8代表的各国政府支持的一项宣言制定一项新国际条约和关于禁止武器到2 008年-美国的立场与中国，以色列，巴基斯坦和俄罗斯在反对新的限制任何形式的保证。 Little wonder.毫不奇怪。 The US military has a staggering arsenal of these weapons.美国军方有一个惊人的阿森纳这些武器。 According to a recent Human Rights Watch report, the Army holds 88% of the Pentagon’s CBU inventory — at least 638.3 million of the cluster bomblets that are stored inside each cluster munition; the Air Force and Navy, according to Department of Defense figures, have 22.2 million and 14.7 million of the bomblets, respectively.根据最近一个人权观察组织的报告，军队举行， 88 ％的五角大楼的CBU国际存货-至少6 .383亿的集束炸弹是储存内每个集束弹药;空军和海军，根据国防部门的数字， 22200000和14700000的炸弹，分别。 And even these numbers are considered undercounts by experts.即使这些数字被认为是undercounts专家。 A cluster bomb bursts above the ground, releasing hundreds of smaller, deadly submunitions or “bomblets” that increase the weapon’s kill radius causing, as Garlasco puts it, “indiscriminate effects.” It’sa weapon, he notes, that “cannot distinguish between a civilian and a soldier when employed because of its wide coverage area.一个集束炸弹爆裂的高于地面，释放数百个规模较小的，致命的弹药或“炸弹” ，增加武器的杀伤半径造成，加拉斯科的说法， “滥杀滥伤作用的。 ”这是武器，他指出， “不能区分平民和一名士兵时，雇用是因为其广泛的覆盖范围。 If you’re dropping the weapon and you blow your target up you’re also hitting everything within a football field.如果您放弃核武器和你的打击，您的目标了您也打尽一个足球场内。 So to use it in proximity to civilians is inviting a violation of the laws of armed conflict.”因此，使用它在接近平民是邀请违反了武装冲突法“ 。 Worse yet, US cluster munitions have a high failure rate.更糟糕的是，美国的集束弹药，有很高的失败率。 A sizeable number of dud bomblets fall to the ground and become de facto landmines which, Garlasco points out, are “already banned by most nations on this planet.” Garlasco adds: “I don’t see how any use of the current US cluster bomb arsenal in proximity to civilian objects can be defended in any way as being legal or legitimate.”相当多的哑弹炸弹，跌倒在地上，并成为事实上的地雷，加拉斯科所指出的那样，是“已经明令禁止的大多数国家在这个星球上” 。加拉斯科补充说： “我看不出任何使用美国目前的集群阿森纳炸弹在接近民用物体，可以辩护，以任何方式作为法律或合法的“ 。 In an email message earlier this year, a US Central Command Air Forces (CENTAF) spokesman told this reporter that “there were no instances” of CBU usage in Iraq in 2006.在一封电子邮件在今年早些时候，美国中央司令部空军（ centaf ）发言人告诉记者， “有没有实例” CBU国际使用在伊拉克于2006年。 But military documents suggest this might not be the case.但军事文件显示，这可能并非如此。 Last year, Titus Peachey of the Mennonite Central Committee — an organization that has studied the use of cluster munitions for more than 30 years — filed a Freedom of Information Act request concerning the US military’s use of cluster bombs in Iraq since “major combat operations” officially ended in that country.去年，提图斯peachey的门诺派中央委员会-该组织研究了集束弹药的使用3 0年以上-提交了资讯自由法的要求，有关美军的使用集束炸弹在伊拉克以来，“主要作战行动“正式结束在该国。 In their response, the Air Force confirmed that 63 CBU-87 cluster bombs were dropped in Iraq between May 1, 2003 and August 1, 2006.在他们的回应，空军证实， 63 CBU国际- 87颗集束炸弹投在伊拉克之间的2003年5月1日和2006年8月1日。 A CENTAF spokesman contacted for confirmation that none of these were dropped on or after January 1, 2006, offered no response. 1 centaf发言人联系确认，没有这些都是下降一月一日或以后， 2006年，所提供的没有反应。 His superior officer, Lt. Col. Johnn Kennedy, the Deputy Director of CENTAF Public Affairs, similarly ignored this reporter’s requests for clarification.他的上司主任，中校johnn英豪，副主任centaf公共事务，同样忽视了这个记者的要求澄清。 These 12,726 BLU-97 bomblets — each CBU-87 contains 202 BLU-97s or “Combined Effects Bombs” (CEBs) which have anti-personnel, anti-tank, and incendiary capabilities or “kill mechanisms” — dropped since May 2003 are, according to statistics provided by Human Rights Watch, in addition to almost two million cluster submunitions used by coalition forces in Iraq in March and April 2003.这些12726蓝光- 97炸弹-每个C BU国际- 8 7包含2 02蓝光9 7s或“综合作用的炸弹” （ c ebs） ，其中有杀伤人员，反坦克，燃烧的能力，或“杀机制” -下降，自2 0 03年5月，据统计所提供的人权观察中，除了几乎2000000集束子弹药所用的联军在伊拉克在3月和2003年4月。 Asked about CBU usage by the Air Force in Iraq in 2006, Ali al-Fadhily, an independent Iraqi journalist, commented: “The use of cluster bombs is a sure thing, but it was very difficult to prove because there were no international experts to document it.” In the past, however, international experts have actually had a chance to examine some locations where a fraction of the bomblets that coalition forces used have landed.问CBU国际使用由空军在伊拉克于2006年，东阿里fadhily ，一个独立的伊拉克记者，评论说： “使用集束炸弹是一种肯定的事，但这是很难证明的，因为有没有国际专家文件。 ： “在过去，不过，国际专家，其实有机会研究了一些地方的一小部分，炸弹，盟军使用的降落。 On a 2004 research trip to Iraq, for instance, Titus Peachey visited numerous sites which had experienced such strikes.对2004年的一项研究访问伊拉克，举例来说，提图斯peachey访问了许多网站，其中经历过这样的打击。 At a farm in northern Iraq, he was shown not only impact craters from exploded bomblets on a farmer’s property but also unexploded bomblets, by a team from the Mines Advisory Group, a humanitarian organization devoted to landmine and bomb clearance.在一个农场在伊拉克北部，他表明，不仅冲击坑，从爆炸的炸弹，对农民的财产，而且未爆炸的炸弹，由一组由地雷咨询小组，一个人道主义组织专门的地雷和炸弹的清关之用。 While “the de-miners expressed frustration that the farmer had planted his field before it had been cleared,” Peachey explained that this was a common, if dangerous, practice in such situations.而“德-矿工表示失望，该农民已种植了他的领域之前，它已被清除， ” peachey解释说，这是一个共同的，如果有危险，实践在这种情况下。 The US used similar ordnance in Laos during the Vietnam War, he pointed out, noting:美国使用类似的弹药在老挝越南战争期间，他指出，注意到：
Evidence of these risks can be found in US military documents.的证据，这些风险可以发现在美国的军事文件。 Case in point: a June 2005 internal memorandum from the US Army’s 42d Infantry Division which describes how a 15-year old Iraqi boy, working as a shepherd, “was leading the sheep through north Tikrit, near an ammo storage site, when he picked up a UXO [unexploded ordnance] from a cluster bomb.典型的例子： 2005年6月的内部备忘录，由美陆军的42d步兵师，其中介绍了如何一个15岁伊拉克男孩，工作作为一个牧羊人， “领导羊通过北提克里特附近的一个弹药储存场址，当他拿起一未爆弹药[未爆弹药]从一个集束炸弹。 The UXO detonated and he was killed.” Asked to pay $3,000 in compensation for the boy’s life, the Army granted that his death was “a horrible loss for the claimant,” his mother, but concluded that there was “insufficient evidence to indicate that US.未爆弹药引爆，他被打死。 “被要求支付3000美元的赔偿为男童的生命，军队理所当然地认为他的去世是”一个可怕的损失，索赔人， “他的母亲，但得出的结论是”证据不足表明美国。 Forces caused the death.”势力所造成的死亡“ 。 Iraqi documents also chronicle the effects of air-delivered cluster munitions.伊拉克文件还纪事影响空投集束弹药。 Take a September 2006 report by the Conservation Center of Environment & Reserves, an Iraqi non-governmental organization (NGO), examining alleged violations of the laws of war by US forces during the April 2004 siege of Fallujah.以2006年9月的报告，由养护中心环境与储备，一个伊拉克非政府组织（ NGO ） ，审查涉嫌违反战争法的美军在2004年4月围攻费卢杰。 According to its partial list of civilian deaths, at least 53 people were killed by air-launched cluster bombs in the city that April.根据其部分清单平民死亡，至少53人死亡，由空中发射的集束炸弹在城市四月。 An analysis of data collected by another Iraqi NGO, the Iraqi Health and Social Care Organization, showed that, between March and June 2006, of 193 war-injured casualties analyzed, 148 (77%) were the result of cluster munitions of unspecified type.分析收集到的数据由另一伊拉克的非政府组织，伊拉克卫生和社会保健组织，结果表明， 3月至2006年6月， 193名战争中受伤的伤亡人数分析， 148 （ 77 ％ ）的结果，集束弹药的具体类型。 Air War, Iraq: 2006 空气战争，伊拉克： 2006 While cluster bombs remain a point of contention, Air Force officials do acknowledge that US military and coalition aircraft dropped at least 111,000 pounds of other types of bombs on targets in Iraq in 2006.而集束炸弹仍然是一个争论点，空军官员承认，美军和联军飞机下降至少一十一点一零零万英镑其他类型的炸弹就在伊拉克的目标在2006年。 This figure — 177 bombs in all — does not include guided missiles or unguided rockets fired, or cannon rounds expended; nor, according to a CENTAF spokesman, does it take into account the munitions used by some Marine Corps and other coalition fixed-wing aircraft or any Army or Marine Corps helicopter gunships; nor does it include munitions used by the armed helicopters of the many这个数字-1 77枚炸弹全部-不包括制导导弹或无制导火箭发射，或景隆轮花费也，根据一项ce ntaf发言人，是否顾及所用弹药的一些海军陆战队和其他联盟固定翼飞机或任何军队或海军陆战队的武装直升机，也不包括弹药所用的武装直升机的许多 private security contractors私人保安承办商 flying their own missions in Iraq.悬挂其自己的使命在伊拉克。 In statistics provided to me, CENTAF reported a total of 10,519 “close air support missions” in Iraq in 2006, during which its aircraft dropped those 177 bombs and fired 52 “Hellfire/Maverick missiles.” The Guided Bomb Unit-12, a laser-guided bomb with a 500-pound general purpose warhead — 95 of which were reportedly dropped in 2006 — was the most frequently used bomb in Iraq last year, according to CENTAF.在提供的统计数据对我来说， centaf共报告了10519 “近距离空中支援任务： ”在伊拉克于2006年，在其飞机下降，那些177炸弹并发射了52个“地狱火/野牛导弹”制导炸弹单位- 12 ，激光-制导炸弹与500磅重的弹头，一般用途-9 5，其中下降，据报在2 006年-是最常用的炸弹在伊拉克去年，根据ce ntaf。 In addition, 67 satellite-guided, 500-pound GBU-38s and 15 2,000-pound GBU-31/32 munitions were also dropped on Iraqi targets in 2006, according to official US figures.此外， 67岁的卫星制导，重达500磅的gbu - 38s和15 2000英镑gbu-31/32弹药也下降对伊拉克的目标在2006年，根据美国官方的数字。 There is no independent way, however, to confirm the accuracy of this official count.有没有独立的方式，但是，确认的准确性，这位官员计数。 Rockets 火箭 Rockets, like the 2.75-inch Hydra-70 rocket which can be outfitted with various warheads and fired from either fixed-wing aircraft or most military helicopters, are conspicuously absent from the totals — so as not to “skew the tally and present an inaccurate picture of the air campaign,” said a CENTAF spokesman mysteriously.火箭队一样， 2.75英寸水螅- 70火箭，可配备不同的弹头和发射了无论从固定翼飞机或大部分军用直升机，是突出的缺席，从总数-不使“斜计数和目前的不准确图片的空气运动，说： “ centaf发言人神秘。 If released, these figures might, however, prove impressive indeed.如果公布，这些数字可能，不过，确实令人印象深刻的证明。 According to a 2005根据一项2005年 press release新闻发布 issued by Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT), who helped secure a five-year, $900 million Hydra contract from the Army for General Dynamics, “the widely used Hydra-70 rocket… has seen extensive use in Afghanistan and Iraq… [and] has become the world’s most widely used helicopter-launched weapon system.” By this所发出的参议员帕特里克莱希（四-佛蒙特州） ，谁帮助安全一项为期五年的，九○○○○○○○○美元水螅合同从军队为通用动力公司， “广泛使用的水螅- 70火箭…看到了广泛的使用在阿富汗和伊拉克… … [和]已经成为世界上使用最广泛的直升机发射的武器系统。 “这 April 4月 , $502 million in orders for the Hydra-70 had been placed by the Army since the contract was awarded. ，五万○二百点○万美元在订单为Hydra - 70已被放在由陆军，因为合同被授予。 See More: 看到更多的： Iraq 伊拉克Have Your Say: Did the US Lie About Using Cluster Bombs in Iraq? 有您这样说：没有美国的谎言有关使用集束炸弹在伊拉克？ Please note, only selected comments will be published.请注意，只有选定的评论将出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或讨论这个报告在我们的新论坛 This entry was posted on Saturday, May 26th, 2007 at 7:20 pm and is filed under 此项目被张贴在周六， 2007年5月26日在下午7点20分，并提交下 War & Terrorism News 战争和恐怖主义新闻 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反应，此项目通过 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 喂养。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回应 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 从你自己的网站。 | Translations 翻译               Free Newsletter 免费通讯 Related News 相关新闻
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