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Detention Camp Remains, but Not Its Rationale拘留营中依然存在,但并非其理据

Saturday, June 14th, 2008 周六, 2008年6月14日

camp.jpg By通过 WILLIAM GLABERSON威廉glaberson | The | Guantánamo Bay关塔那摩湾 detention center will not close today or any day soon.拘留中心,将不会关闭在今天或任何一天很快。 But the Supreme Court最高法院 ’s decision Thursday stripped away the legal premise for the remote prison camp that officials opened six years ago in the belief that American law would not reach across the Caribbean to a United States naval station in Cuba.“To the extent that Guantánamo exists to hold detainees beyond the reach of US courts, this blows a hole in its reason for being,” said Matthew Waxman, a former detainee affairs official at the Defense Department. '的决定,周四剥夺法律的前提下,为偏远的监狱官员开六年前在相信美国法律不会达到整个加勒比地区的美国的一个海军基地在古巴的“程度存在关塔那摩举行被拘留者超出达到美国的法院,这打击了一个洞,在其原因,说: “马修韦克斯曼,前被拘留者事务的官员在国防部。

And without that, much will change.和不这样做,很多将有所改变。

The decision granted detainees the right to challenge their detention in civilian courts, meaning that federal judges will now have the power to check the government’s claims that the 270 men still held there are dangerous terrorists.决定给予被拘留者的权利,挑战他们被拘留在民事法庭上,也就是说,联邦法官将现在有权力制衡政府的索赔,该男子仍在270举行,有危险的恐怖分子。 That will force officials to answer questions about evidence that they have long deflected despite international criticism and expressions of support, from President Bush on down, for closing the camp.这将迫使官员回答有关证据表明,他们有长期的偏转尽管国际社会的批评和表达的支持,从美国总统布什,关闭营地。

Some cases, though no one can be sure how many, are likely to result in court orders freeing detainees.有些情况下,虽然没有人可以肯定的有多少,可能导致在法庭命令释放被拘留者。 The government said Thursday that its prosecutions before military commissions at Guantánamo would continue, but政府说,周四,其提出检控前,军事委员会在关塔那摩会继续,但 habeas corpus人身保护令 suits resulting from the justices’ decision are certain to complicate the 19 war crimes cases under way, giving detainees’ lawyers a vehicle to try to stop those proceedings.诉讼所造成的法官的决定是某些复杂的19个战争罪行案件正在进行中,给被拘留者的律师的车辆,试图阻止这些程序。

Just as important, some lawyers said, defending scores of cases will be a huge burden for the government, most likely increasing pressure inside the Bush administration to send detainees back to their home countries.同样重要的是,有些律师说,辩护案件数十起将是一个巨大的负担,为政府,最有可能越来越大的压力,内,布什政府向被拘留者返回自己的国家。

Nearly 100 of the 270 detainees are Yemenis.近百名的270被拘留者也门人。 American officials have said they have not repatriated many of them because of fears that they would be released quickly.美国官员曾表示,他们没有遣返,他们中的许多,由于担心他们会尽快公布。 The decision Thursday, several lawyers said, could encourage American officials to take their chances, shrinking the population by a third or more.决定周四,几位律师说,可以鼓励美国官员采取的机会,减少人口的三分之一或更多。

Detainees’ lawyers have long claimed that the government will not be able to justify the detention of many of the men.被拘留者的律师们早已声称,政府将无法自圆其说拘留很多的男性。 Pentagon officials, on the other hand, have maintained that classified evidence establishes that many of them are dangerous.五角大楼的官员,在另一方面,一直保持着保密的证据,确定了他们很多是危险的。 The federal courts will now have the power to sort through those claims.联邦法院现在有权力进行排序,通过这些索赔。

But the justices’ decision did not change some realities that have long made it easier to say that the Guantánamo detention center should be closed than to figure out how.但法官的决定并没有改变一些现实,早已作出更容易说,关塔那摩拘留中心应该关闭,比弄清楚如何。 Just last month Defense Secretary就在上个月,国防部长 Robert M. Gates罗伯特盖茨米。 , who advocates closing the camp, told Congress that “we’re stuck” in Guantánamo. ,谁主张关闭营地,告诉国会说: “我们正在坚持”在关塔那摩。

One military official said Thursday that those complications remained as confounding after the ruling as they were before.一名军事官员说,周四,这些并发症仍是混淆后,执政党,因为他们之前。 The official, who was not authorized to discuss the court ruling and spoke on condition of anonymity, noted that practical difficulties had stalled plans for an alternative to Guantánamo.官方的,谁是未经授权的,讨论法院的裁决并讲话的情况下不愿透露姓名的指出,实际的困难,已停滞不前的计划,替代到关塔那摩。 Among those is the question of where to put detainees whom the administration views as too dangerous to release.这些问题是在哪里把被拘留的人,政府当局的意见,因为太危险而释放。

Under the decision, it appears that the detainees will have the same rights to challenge their status whether they are at Guantánamo or at a military base or prison inside the United States.根据这项决定,似乎是被拘留者将有同样的权利,以挑战其地位,他们是否在关塔那摩或在一个军事基地或监狱内的美国。 “If the detainees have constitutional habeas rights at Guantánamo,” the official said, “what incentive is there to go through the logistical, fiscal and legislative pain of bringing them to the US?” “如果被拘留者的宪法权利,人身保护令在关塔那摩, ”这名官员说, “有什么诱因,是有去,通过后勤,财政和立法的痛苦,使他们向美国” ?

The 5-to-4 defeat for the administration’s detention policies was unqualified: a majority of the justices said the Constitution applied at Guantánamo. 5至4惨败政府当局的拘留政策是无条件的:一,大多数的法官说,宪法适用于在关塔那摩。

“Liberty and security can be reconciled,” the majority opinion said. “人身自由和安全,可以调和, ”多数成员的意见,说。

But lawyers said many questions remained unanswered, including the breadth of the detainees’ protections.但律师说,许多问题仍然没有得到答复,包括广度被拘留者的保护。

The question of whether detainees have habeas rights has long been a central issue in the battle over Guantánamo.至于是否被拘留者人身保护令的权利,长久以来一直是中央的问题,在战斗中超过关塔那摩。 Scores of such cases had been in the courts before Congress sought to strip federal judges of the power to hear them.分数此类案件已在法庭上提交国会设法带的联邦法官的权力,听到他们。 Habeas suits by virtually all the 270 detainees are now expected to commence or be revived, lawyers said.人身保护令,适合几乎所有的270名被拘留者,现预期展开或恢复,律师说。

Such cases give federal judges broad powers to review the government’s reasons for holding a prisoner.这种情况下,让联邦法官广泛的权力,以检讨政府的原因举行的囚犯。 But once a judge is satisfied that there is a legitimate basis, a case can end quickly with a ruling in the government’s favor.但是,一旦法官是满意的是有一个合法的基础上,案件可以很快结束与执政党在政府的青睐。

“Habeas is not a ‘get out of jail free’ card,” said Jonathan Hafetz, a detainees’ lawyer at the “人身保护令是不是'走出监狱免费的卡,说: ”乔纳森hafetz ,一名被拘留者的律师在 Brennan Center for Justice布伦南司法中心 at New York University纽约大学 . “It just provides a fair, legitimate and independent sorting process to determine who should and who should not be held.” “这只是提供一个公平,合法和独立的分拣过程中,以确定谁应该谁不应该举行” 。

Mr. Bush on Thursday appeared to hold open the possibility of a new legislative effort to alter the decision’s result.布什先生对周四出现了举行公开的可能性,新的立法努力改变决定的结果。 But for the moment, the administration seemed tangled in a dilemma of its own making, left with a detention camp housing some admitted architects of terror, including the 2001 attacks on the United States, but with the idea evidently dead that the camp was beyond the reach of the courts.但就目前而言,政府当局似乎纠缠在一个两难自己的决策,只剩下一个拘留营房屋的一些承认建筑师的恐怖,包括2001年对美国的袭击,但与死的想法,显然,该营地是超越到达法院。

In his testimony to Congress last month, Secretary Gates said the Pentagon had “a serious ‘not in my backyard’ problem” in finding a substitute for Guantánamo.在他的证词向国会上个月,局长盖茨说,五角大楼曾将“严重'不是在我家后院'的问题”在寻找替代关塔那摩。 He also listed other concerns that the administration says have kept it from coming up with a plan for closing the detention camp.他还列出了其他的关注时表示,政府当局说,不断从未来与计划关闭拘留营。

Among those, he said, is a Pentagon conclusion that some 8o detainees cannot be charged with war crimes, perhaps because the evidence is not strong enough, but are nonetheless considered too dangerous to release.其中,他说,是五角大楼的结论是,一些被拘留者8o不能被落案控以战争罪,也许是因为证据是不够有力,但尽管如此,考虑太危险了释放。 About 80 other detainees are to be charged with war crimes, the Pentagon has said.约80其他被拘留者是被落案控以战争罪,五角大楼已表示。

Some administration supporters argued that Thursday’s ruling provided unrealistic protections for men captured during war.一些政府支持者辩称,周四的裁决,所提供的保护是不切实际的男子抓获战争期间。 Under such circumstances, the government cannot be expected to present orderly evidence justifying detention as it would in civilian cases, said David B. Rivkin, a lawyer who served in the Justice Department during the Reagan administration.在这种情况下,政府不能指望目前的有序证据的理由拘留,因为它将在民用情况下,大卫说,乙里夫金,一名律师谁曾任职于司法部里根政府时期。

“The level of due process they require,” Mr. Rivkin said, “will be impossible to meet and therefore will result in the release of a substantial number of enemy combatants.” “的水平,由于他们需要的过程中, ”里夫金先生说: “将不可能满足,因此将导致在释放了大量的敌方战斗人员” 。

Margot Williams contributed reporting. margot威廉斯贡献的报告。

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