Cluster Bomb Ban Opposed by US, China, Russia集束炸彈，禁止反對由美國，中國，俄羅斯
By Nick Cumming-Bruce - GENEVA | Believe the advocates of a treaty banning cluster munitions, and the international community is about to take a decisive step toward curbing the use of a weapon that inflicts terrible suffering, particularly on civilians.由Nick卡明-布魯斯-日內瓦|相信主張一項條約，禁止集束彈藥，和國際社會是即將採取的一個決定性步驟，對制止使用一種武器，造成可怕的苦難，特別是對平民的。 Believe the US government, and the measure they propose threatens to undermine the NATO alliance that has underpinned Western security since World War II.相信美國政府，以及他們提出的措施，威脅要削弱北約聯盟，已安全下，西方自第二次世界大戰以來。
Delegates from more than 100 countries will open a conference in Dublin tomorrow that will try to hammer out a treaty banning the production, use, stockpiling, or transfer of cluster munitions - bombs or artillery shells packed with up to several hundred bomblets or submunitions that are sprayed over wide areas of territory.Major producers and stockpilers of cluster munitions, the United States, Russia, and China, will be absent and are opposed to a treaty, but disarmament specialists liken the cluster treaty to the Ottawa Treaty of 1997 banning land mines, which was shunned by the major powers but has proved influential in shaping the policies of countries outside the convention.與會代表來自100多個國家將打開一個會議在都柏林明天會嘗試以敲定一項條約，禁止生產，使用，儲存，或轉讓的集束彈藥-炸彈或砲彈擠滿了多達數百個小炸彈或子是噴塗大面積的territory.major生產者和stockpilers集束彈藥，美國，俄羅斯和中國，將缺席與反對條約，但裁軍專家比喻為群集條約渥太華條約在1997年禁止地雷，這是迴避，由大國，但已證明是有影響力的在塑造的政策以外的國家公約。
Support for a ban on cluster weapons has risen sharply since the 2006 conflict between Israel and Lebanon, when, according to United Nations estimates, Israeli troops fired some 4 million Vietnam War-era submunitions, of which a quarter failed to explode.支持為禁止集束武器的急劇上升，自2006年衝突的以色列和黎巴嫩之間，當，據聯合國估計，以色列軍隊發射了大約400萬越南戰爭時代的彈藥，其中有四分之一沒有爆炸。
These have reportedly caused more than 200 casualties since the end of the war and required a costly and hazardous cleanup operation by international aid agencies - often funded by Western governments.據報導，這些都造成了200多名人員傷亡，自戰爭結束後，需要昂貴的和危險的清理行動由國際援助機構-常常資助的西方政府。
In Laos, where the United States dropped 2 million tons of ordnance in the 1970s, including an estimated 260 million submunitions, unexploded weapons still kill and maim people and hinder economic development.在老撾，美國下降了2萬噸，彈藥在20世紀70年代，包括一，估計2.60億彈藥，武器，仍然未殺害和殘害人民和阻礙經濟發展。
As many as 10 percent to 15 percent of cluster munitions normally fail to explode on impact but those who support the treaty say the figure could be much higher.多達10 ％至15 ％的集束彈藥通常未爆炸的影響，但這些誰支持該條約的說，數字可能高得多。 A study by Handicap International, a nongovernmental organization based in Belgium, found that 98 percent of recorded victims were civilians and one-third of casualties were children.一項研究是由國際殘疾協會，民間組織，總部設在比利時，發現98 ％的記錄受害者是平民，其中三分之一的傷亡是兒童。
But after a series of international and regional conferences that have mapped out the broad parameters of a treaty, Dublin is the venue where negotiators have to refine rhetoric into a legally binding instrument governing a weapon system that represents a substantial part of the arsenal of the United States and some of its NATO allies.但經過一系列的國際和區域會議已經制定了廣泛的參數的一項條約，都柏林是地點的談判，以完善的修辭成為一個具有法律約束力的文書，執政的武器系統代表了相當部分的武庫美國國家和它的一些北約盟國。
“It’s going to be a bruising conference,” said Patrick McCarthy, coordinator of the Geneva Forum, a disarmament research body. “這將是一瘀傷會議，說： ”帕特里克麥卡錫，協調員的日內瓦論壇，裁軍研究機構。
A handful of issues loom as key battlegrounds.少數問題織機的關鍵戰場。 One will be the definition of what constitutes a cluster munition, with richer Western nations like Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and Switzerland pressing for exclusion of sophisticated weapons that have self-destruct mechanisms, target sensors, or a small number of submunitions.一會的定義是什麼構成了集束彈藥，豐富的西方國家一樣，英國，丹麥，法國，德國，意大利，瑞典，瑞士和迫切性排斥的尖端武器有自毀裝置，目標傳感器，或一小有多少彈藥。
Others, like Germany, want a transition period of up to 10 years during which they can continue to use such weapons while they find replacements.其他，如德國，希望有一個過渡期長達10年期間，他們可以繼續使用這種武器的同時，他們找到替代品。
Among the most contentious is a proposed clause that would prevent those who sign onto the treaty from engaging in joint operations with forces still employing cluster munitions.其中最有爭議的是一個擬議的第這將防止那些誰上簽署該條約均不得從事聯合行動，與勢力仍在僱用集束彈藥。
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