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China Inspired Interrogations at Guantánamo中国的灵感盘问在关塔那摩 Thursday, July 3rd, 2008 周四， 2008年7月3日 By通过 SCOTT SHANE斯科特谢恩 | The military trainers who came to Guantánamo Bay in December 2002 based an entire interrogation class on a chart showing the effects of “coercive management techniques” for possible use on prisoners, including “sleep deprivation,” “prolonged constraint,” and “exposure.” |军事教员谁来到关塔那摩湾在2002年12月基于整个讯问班的一张图表，显示的效果“胁迫性的管理技巧”可能使用对囚犯，其中包括“睡眠剥夺” ， “长期的限制， ”和“接触。 “ What the trainers did not say, and may not have known, was that their chart had been copied verbatim from a 1957 Air Force study of Chinese Communist techniques used during the Korean War to obtain confessions, many of them false, from American prisoners.什么导师并没有说，可能不知道，是他们的图表已复制逐字从1957年空军研究中国共产党所使用的技术在朝鲜战争期间以获取口供，他们中的许多虚假的，从美国的囚犯。 The recycled chart is the latest and most vivid evidence of the way Communist interrogation methods that the United States long described as torture became the basis for interrogations both by the military at the base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, and by the Central Intelligence Agency.循环图是最新和最生动的证据方式，共产主义的审讯方法指出，美国长期来形容酷刑成为基础盘问，双方由军方在该基地在关塔那摩湾，古巴，和由中央情报部。 Some methods were used against a small number of prisoners at Guantánamo before 2005, when Congress banned the use of coercion by the military.一些方法被用来对付一个小的囚犯人数在关塔那摩在2005年前，当国会禁止使用胁迫军事。 The CIA is still authorized by President Bush to use a number of secret “alternative” interrogation methods.美国中央情报局仍然是授权布什总统使用了一些秘密“另类”的审讯方法。 Several Guantánamo documents, including the chart outlining coercive methods, were made public at a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing June 17 that examined how such tactics came to be employed.关塔那摩的几个文件，包括图表，概述了胁迫的方法，被公开在参议院武装服务委员会的听证会6月17日，研究如何在这样的策略来聘用。 But committee investigators were not aware of the chart’s source in the half-century-old journal article, a connection pointed out to The New York Times by an independent expert on interrogation who spoke on condition of anonymity.但委员会的调查人员不知道该图的来源，在半世纪岁的期刊文章，连线指出，到新的纽约时报由一个独立的专家对审问谁发言的情况下不愿透露姓名的。 The 1957 article from which the chart was copied was entitled “Communist Attempts to Elicit False Confessions From Air Force Prisoners of War” and written by Alfred D. Biderman, a sociologist then working for the Air Force, who died in 2003. 1957年的文章，从该图是复制的标题是“共产主义的企图，争取虚假的供述，从空军战俘” ，并写曹绍伟四拜德曼，一位社会学家，然后工作，为空军，谁死亡，在2003年。 Mr. Biderman had interviewed American prisoners returning from North Korea, some of whom had been filmed by their Chinese interrogators confessing to germ warfare and other atrocities.拜德曼先生曾采访了美国囚犯返回北韩，其中一些人已拍摄由他们的中文审讯人员承认细菌战和其他暴行。 Those orchestrated confessions led to allegations that the American prisoners had been “brainwashed,” and provoked the military to revamp its training to give some military personnel a taste of the enemies’ harsh methods to inoculate them against quick capitulation if captured.这些精心策划的供述，导致指控说，美国囚犯已被“洗脑” ，挑起军事重整其训练提供一些军事人员，一尝的敌人'苛刻的方法接种，他们对快速投降，如果被俘。 In 2002, the training program, known as SERE, for Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape, became a source of interrogation methods both for the CIA and the military.在2002年，培训计划，称为序列，为生存，逃避，抗拒，逃避，成为一个来源的审讯方法都为美国中央情报局和军事。 In what critics describe as a remarkable case of historical amnesia, officials who drew on the SERE program appear to have been unaware that it had been created as a result of concern about false confessions by American prisoners.在什么批评者形容为显着案件的历史失忆症，官员谁提请对序列的计划似乎已经不知道它已造成的关心虚假的供述，由美国的囚犯。 Senator Carl Levin, Democrat of Michigan and chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, said after reviewing the 1957 article that “every American would be shocked” by the origin of the training document.参议员卡尔列文，民主党的密歇根州和主席的参议院军事委员会说，经检讨1957年的文章指出， “每一个美国人会感到震惊”的起源，培训文件。 “What makes this document doubly stunning is that these were techniques to get false confessions,” Mr. Levin said. “什么使本文件双重惊人的是，这些技术获得虚假的供述， ”先生，莱文说。 “People say we need intelligence, and we do. “人们说我们需要的情报，而且我们做的。 But we don’t need false intelligence.”但我们并不需要假情报“ 。 A Defense Department spokesman, Lt. Col Patrick Ryder, said he could not comment on the Guantánamo training chart.国防部发言人，中将，上校帕特里克莱德说，他不能评论关塔那摩培训图。 “I can’t speculate on previous decisions that may have been made prior to current DOD policy on interrogations,” Colonel Ryder said. “我不能猜测，先前的决定可能已经作出之前，当前的国防部的政策，盘问， ”上校Ryder说。 “I can tell you that current DOD policy is clear — we treat all detainees humanely.” “我可以告诉大家，目前美国国防部的政策是明确的-我们对待所有被拘留者人道” 。 Mr. Biderman’s 1957 article described “one form of torture” used by the Chinese as forcing American prisoners to stand “for exceedingly long periods,” sometimes in conditions of “extreme cold.” Such passive methods, he wrote, were more common than outright physical violence.拜德曼先生的文章所描述的1957年“一形式的酷刑”所用的中文作为迫使美国囚犯的立场“非常长时间， ”有时在条件“极端寒冷。 ”这种被动的方法，他写道：更为常见比买断肉体暴力。 Prolonged standing and exposure to cold have both been used by American military and CIA interrogators against terrorist suspects.长时间站立和接触到冷，都被用于美国的军事和中央情报局审讯人员对恐怖嫌疑分子。 The chart also listed other techniques used by the Chinese, including “Semi-Starvation,” “Exploitation of Wounds,” and “Filthy, Infested Surroundings,” and with their effects: “Makes Victim Dependent on Interrogator,” “Weakens Mental and Physical Ability to Resist,” and “Reduces Prisoner to ‘Animal Level’ Concerns.”图表还列出了其他技术所用的中文，包括“半饥饿” ， “剥削的伤口， ”和“肮脏的，感染周围的环境， ”和他们的影响： “使受害人依赖于审讯” ， “削弱了精神和肉体抵抗能力， “和”减少囚犯动物水平的关注“ 。 The only change made in the chart presented at Guantánamo was to drop its original title: “Communist Coercive Methods for Eliciting Individual Compliance.”唯一的改变所作的图表介绍了在关塔那摩是要放弃其原来的标题： “共产主义胁迫的方法争取个人遵守” 。 The documents released last month include an e-mail message from two SERE trainers reporting on a trip to Guantánamo from Dec. 29, 2002, to Jan. 4, 2003.文件上个月发表的包括一封电子邮件从两个序列的培训报告对访问关塔那摩监狱从2002年12月29日， 2003年1月4日。 Their purpose, the message said, was to present to interrogators “the theory and application of the physical pressures utilized during our training.”其目的，贺电说，是目前审问“的理论与应用物理的压力，利用在我们的训练” 。 The sessions included “an in-depth class on Biderman’s Principles,” the message said, referring to the chart from Mr. Biderman’s 1957 article.会议包括“一，在深入阶层对拜德曼的原则， ”贺电说，指的图表从拜德曼先生的1957条。 Versions of the same chart, often identified as “Biderman’s Chart of Coercion,” have circulated on anti-cult sites on the Web, where the methods are used to describe how cults control their members.版本的同时，图表，往往被确定为“拜德曼的图表的胁迫， ”已经分发了关于反邪教网站上的Web ，那里的方法是用来描述如何邪教控制其成员。 Dr. Robert Jay Lifton, a psychiatrist who also studied the returning prisoners of war and wrote an accompanying article in the same 1957 issue of The Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, said in an interview that he was disturbed to learn that the Chinese methods had been recycled and taught at Guantánamo.博士罗伯特杰伊李富，精神科医生谁也研究了返回的战俘和写了陪同的文章，同时1957年的问题，公报设在纽约的医学专科学院，在接受采访时表示，他不安地获悉，中国方法已回收和教授在关塔那摩。 “It saddens me,” said Dr. Lifton, who wrote a 1961 book on what the Chinese called “thought reform” and became known in popular American parlance as brainwashing. “我伤心，博士说： ”李富，谁写了61年书，什么中国的所谓“思想改革” ，成为众所周知的在美国流行的用语作为洗脑。 He called the use of the Chinese techniques by American interrogators at Guantánamo a “180-degree turn.”他呼吁使用该技术由中国，美国审讯人员在关塔那摩的“ 180度大转” 。 The harshest known interrogation at Guantánamo was that of Mohammed al-Qahtani, a member of Al Qaeda suspected of being the intended 20th hijacker in the Sept. 11 attacks.已知的最严厉的盘问，在关塔那摩的是，穆罕默德-卡赫塔尼的一员，盖达组织被怀疑是有意第二十劫机犯，在九月十一日的攻击。 Mr. Qahtani’s interrogation involved sleep deprivation, stress positions, exposure to cold and other methods also used by the Chinese.先生卡赫塔尼的审讯涉及剥夺睡眠，强调的立场，暴露于寒冷及其他方法，也获华人使用的。 Terror charges against Mr. Qahtani were dropped unexpectedly in May.恐怖控告先生卡赫塔尼分别下降了意外，在5月。 Officials said the charges could be reinstated later and declined to say whether the decision was influenced by concern about Mr. Qahtani’s treatment.官员说，收费可以复职后，拒绝透露是否决定是受关注先生卡赫塔尼的治疗。 Mr. Bush has defended the use the interrogation methods, saying they helped provide critical intelligence and prevented new terrorist attacks.布什先生辩护使用的审讯方法，说他们帮助提供关键情报，并阻止新的恐怖袭击。 But the issue continues to complicate the long-delayed prosecutions now proceeding at Guantánamo.但问题仍然复杂，拖延已久的检控程序，现在在关塔那摩。 Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, a Qaeda member accused of playing a major role in the bombing of the American destroyer Cole in Yemen in 2000, was charged with murder and other crimes on Monday.阿卜杜勒拉希姆基地- Nashiri ） ，一个组织的成员被控发挥着重要作用，在这次轰炸中的美国驱逐舰柯尔在也门在2000年，被落案控以谋杀罪和其他罪行的对周一。 In previous hearings, Mr. Nashiri, who was subjected to waterboarding, has said he confessed to participating in the bombing falsely only because he was tortured.在以往的听证会，先生Nashiri ） ，谁受到waterboarding曾表示，他供认了参与在这次轰炸中附有虚假产地来源标签，不仅因为他的折磨。 See More: 看到更多的： Guantanamo 关塔那摩 Torture 酷刑Have Your Say: China Inspired Interrogations at Guantánamo 您说：中国的灵感盘问在关塔那摩 Please note, only selected comments will be published.请注意，只有选定的评论将出版。 Or discuss this report in our new forums 或讨论这个报告在我们的新论坛 This entry was posted on Thursday, July 3rd, 2008 at 7:35 am and is 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