США. расширить собрание ДНАО подозреваемых злодеяния'
Вторник 21-ое апреля 2008
Элен Nakashima и Spencer Hsu | Сочинители штата Вашингтона Поста |
США. правительство скоро начнет собирать образцы ДНАА от всех граждан арестованных в связи с любым федеральным злодеянием и у много иммигрантов задержанных федеральные органы власти, добавляя генетические обозначения от больше чем 1 миллиона индивидуалов год к стремительно базе данных ДНАА принуждения федеральный закон.
Политика существенн расширит в настоящее время практику по заведенному порядку собирать образцы ДНАА от только тех осуженных федеральных злодеяний, и она построит на политике среди положений для того чтобы собрать ДНАО у много людей которые арестованы. 13 положения делают настолько теперь и поворачивают их данные сверх к федеральному правительству.
Инициатива, быть опубликованным как предложенное правило в федеральном регистре в наступающих днях, отражает съездовскую директиву которой ДНАО от arrestees было собрано для того чтобы помочь для того чтобы уловить ряд отечественных преступников. Но оно также требует, for the first time, собрания образцов ДНАА от людей за исключением США. граждане и законные постоянные жители задержаны США. авторитеты.
Хотя фингерпринты длиной были собраны для фактически каждого arrestee, мнение защитников уединения новый курс расширяет базу данных ДНАА, бег FBI, за своей первоначально целью хранить информация на perpetrators насильственных преступлений.
Они также тревожатся что люди смогли быть задержаны ошибочно и подметены в базу данных без причины, и что образцы ДНАА от тех которые никогда не осужены злодеяния, из-за acquittal или разведения обязанностей, могли тем не менее постоянно быть сохранены FBI.
«Невиновные люди не принадлежат в so-called уголовной базе данных,» сказал Tania Simoncelli, советника науки для американского соединения гражданския свободы. «Мы пересекаем линию.»
Она сказала что если образцы сдержаны, то они смогли один день быть проанализированы для чувствительной информации such as заболевания и ancestry.
Оратор Эрик Ablin отдела правосудия сказал собрание образцов ДНАА «обеспечит дополнительную форму биометрического идентификации от людей нормальн были бы fingerprinted.» Правила FBI исключают использовать образцы ДНАА для того чтобы обусловить traits, заболевания или разлады персоны генетические.
Расширение базы данных было утвержено Съездом по мере того как поправка к расправе против женщин действует и представлено счет главным образом как дорога отслеживать вниз серийные rapists, душегубов и другие обидчиков. “We know for a fact that the proposed regulations will save the lives of many innocent people and will prevent devastating crimes,” said Sen. Jon Kyl (R-Ariz.), a sponsor of the legislation. “These regulations are long overdue — we should have done this 10 years ago.”
The proposed rule applies to all federal agencies with the authority to arrest or detain, including the FBI, the Border Patrol and the Internal Revenue Service. Although details of the policy have not been announced, officials said they expect the bulk of the new DNA samples to be collected through cheek swabs.
U.S. officials said that when the measure is fully implemented, roughly 1.2 million people a year could be added to the national database. About 140,000 of those would be people arrested for federal crimes. Many of the rest would be foreigners detained for being in the United States illegally.
Immigration rights advocates note that most illegal immigrants are detained for administrative violations, not federal crimes. By adding their DNA to the database, “it casts them all as criminals,” said Paromita Shah, associate director of the National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild.
The rule’s scope is still being negotiated, officials said, but it will not cover illegal immigrants picked up at sea; people being processed for legal admission to the United States, such as asylum seekers; and people undergoing secondary screening at ports of entry. It was unclear yesterday whether Mexican border-crossers who are briefly detained and then released in Mexico will be covered. The Border Patrol made 877,000 apprehensions in 2007, most of them of Mexicans.
The move comes as 13 states — including Virginia and, recently, Maryland — have passed laws to include many arrestees in their DNA databanks. California, which has more than 1 million profiles, will begin collecting DNA from all felony arrestees next year. The information will be uploaded to the national database, which today houses more than 5.9 million samples, making it the largest forensic DNA databank in the world.
The National DNA Index System (NDIS) was created by the DNA Identification Act of 1994 to store profiles of people convicted of serious violent crimes, such as rape and murder. A 2004 amendment expanded the collection to people convicted of any felony offense, and it allowed states to upload DNA profiles from people convicted of misdemeanors and from arrestees charged with a crime. In 2006, the law was changed again, enabling states to upload data from arrestees who had not been charged.
Over the years, the NDIS has yielded 66,750 hits in 67,285 investigations, FBI officials said. “I think by any measure, the program has been a success,” said Thomas Callaghan, head of the database, adding that the best way to increase its effectiveness is to add DNA samples from arrestees.
Jayann Sepich of Carlsbad, N.M., said she applauds the federal rule change. In August 2003, after Sepich’s 22-year-old daughter, Katie, was raped and killed, investigators found her attacker’s skin and blood under her fingernails. But no samples in the state’s database matched the evidence.
In 2006, moved by Katie Sepich’s death, the New Mexico legislature passed “Katie’s Law,” requiring the collection of arrestees’ DNA. That December, authorities arrested the man who had killed her — a DNA sample had been taken from him when he was arrested on a charge of aggravated burglary. Jayann Sepich is now a prominent advocate of similar laws in other states.
The new federal rule will conform to current law, which requires the removal of DNA profiles from the database when a conviction is reversed or when an arrest does not result in conviction. An individual must petition for expungement, Ablin said. Civil liberties advocates say removal should be automatic.
In Virginia, which in 2003 adopted one of the first arrestee laws, about 51 percent of arrestee profiles are eventually removed from the state database because charges are dropped or a case is dismissed, said Pete Marone, director of the Department of Forensic Science. He said it is the forensic lab’s duty to remove the profiles, something that can take a year or two. “As long as the case is in process, they’re still there,” he said.
Jim Harper, director of information policy studies at the libertarian Cato Institute, warned of mission creep. “The natural path is to move from the dangerous criminals down the chain, to anybody who has contact with law enforcement, and after that you’ll have DNA taken when people are born or first enter the country legally,” he said.
The proposed rule will be subject to a 30-day public comment period, Ablin said.
See More:Database State USA NewsHave Your Say: U.S. to Expand Collection Of Crime Suspects’ DNA
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This entry was posted on Monday, April 21st, 2008at 5:04 amand is filed under Surveillance, Civil Liberties & Human Rights News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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