米国. 罪の容疑者のコレクションを」拡大するためDNA
月曜日、2008年4月21日
Ellen NakashimaおよびスペンサーHsu著 | ワシントンポストのスタッフ作家 |
米国。 政府はやがてあらゆる連邦犯罪に関連して阻止されたすべての市民と1以上,000,000人の個人から年素早く成長の中央政府法の執行DNAのデータベースに遺伝の鑑定器を加える中央政府権限によって引き留められた多くの移民からDNAのサンプルを集め始める。
方針は大幅に定期的に連邦犯罪につき有罪と決定されたそれらだけからDNAのサンプルを集めることの現在の練習を拡大し阻止される多くの人々からDNAを集めるために州間の成長する方針で造る。 13の州はそう今し、連邦政府にデータを回す。
率先は、連邦公報の提案された規則として近日中に出版されるために、国内犯罪者の範囲をつかまえるためにarresteesからのDNAが助けるように集められる議会の指令を反映する。 しかしそれはまた米国以外、はじめて、人々からのDNAのサンプルのコレクションを要求する。 米国によって引き留められる法的永住者および市民。 権限。
指紋が事実上あらゆるarresteeのために長く集められてしまったが、プライバシーの支持者は新しい方針がDNAのデータベース、凶悪犯罪の犯罪人で情報を貯えることの最初の目標を越えるFBIによる操業を、拡大することを言う。
彼らはまた人々が間違って引き留められ、データベースに原因なしで掃除できること、そして充満の釈放か回収のために罪につき決して、有罪と決定されない人からのDNAのサンプルがFBIによって、それにもかかわらず永久に保たれるかもしれないこと心配する。
「罪なき人々いわゆる刑事データベースで」、は属しないTania Simoncelli、アメリカの市民の自由連合のための科学の顧問を言った。 「私達は交差させているラインを」。
彼女はサンプルが保たれれば、病気および家系のような機密情報のために1日分析できると言った。
DNAのサンプルのコレクションが「普通」。指紋をとられる人からの生物測定の同一証明の付加的な形態を提供することを司法省のスポークスマンErik Ablinは言った FBIの規則はDNAのサンプルを使用して人の遺伝の特性、病気または無秩序を定めるために排除する。
データベースの拡張はCongressによって女性に対する暴力への修正が機能する承認され、連続強姦犯、殺人者および他の犯罪者を見つけ出す方法として主に勘定書を出されたように。 “We know for a fact that the proposed regulations will save the lives of many innocent people and will prevent devastating crimes,” said Sen. Jon Kyl (R-Ariz.), a sponsor of the legislation. “These regulations are long overdue ― we should have done this 10 years ago.”
The proposed rule applies to all federal agencies with the authority to arrest or detain, including the FBI, the Border Patrol and the Internal Revenue Service. Although details of the policy have not been announced, officials said they expect the bulk of the new DNA samples to be collected through cheek swabs.
U.S. officials said that when the measure is fully implemented, roughly 1.2 million people a year could be added to the national database. About 140,000 of those would be people arrested for federal crimes. Many of the rest would be foreigners detained for being in the United States illegally.
Immigration rights advocates note that most illegal immigrants are detained for administrative violations, not federal crimes. By adding their DNA to the database, “it casts them all as criminals,” said Paromita Shah, associate director of the National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild.
The rule’s scope is still being negotiated, officials said, but it will not cover illegal immigrants picked up at sea; people being processed for legal admission to the United States, such as asylum seekers; and people undergoing secondary screening at ports of entry. It was unclear yesterday whether Mexican border-crossers who are briefly detained and then released in Mexico will be covered. The Border Patrol made 877,000 apprehensions in 2007, most of them of Mexicans.
The move comes as 13 states ― including Virginia and, recently, Maryland ― have passed laws to include many arrestees in their DNA databanks. California, which has more than 1 million profiles, will begin collecting DNA from all felony arrestees next year. The information will be uploaded to the national database, which today houses more than 5.9 million samples, making it the largest forensic DNA databank in the world.
The National DNA Index System (NDIS) was created by the DNA Identification Act of 1994 to store profiles of people convicted of serious violent crimes, such as rape and murder. A 2004 amendment expanded the collection to people convicted of any felony offense, and it allowed states to upload DNA profiles from people convicted of misdemeanors and from arrestees charged with a crime. In 2006, the law was changed again, enabling states to upload data from arrestees who had not been charged.
Over the years, the NDIS has yielded 66,750 hits in 67,285 investigations, FBI officials said. “I think by any measure, the program has been a success,” said Thomas Callaghan, head of the database, adding that the best way to increase its effectiveness is to add DNA samples from arrestees.
Jayann Sepich of Carlsbad, N.M., said she applauds the federal rule change. In August 2003, after Sepich’s 22-year-old daughter, Katie, was raped and killed, investigators found her attacker’s skin and blood under her fingernails. But no samples in the state’s database matched the evidence.
In 2006, moved by Katie Sepich’s death, the New Mexico legislature passed “Katie’s Law,” requiring the collection of arrestees’ DNA. That December, authorities arrested the man who had killed her ― a DNA sample had been taken from him when he was arrested on a charge of aggravated burglary. Jayann Sepich is now a prominent advocate of similar laws in other states.
The new federal rule will conform to current law, which requires the removal of DNA profiles from the database when a conviction is reversed or when an arrest does not result in conviction. An individual must petition for expungement, Ablin said. Civil liberties advocates say removal should be automatic.
In Virginia, which in 2003 adopted one of the first arrestee laws, about 51 percent of arrestee profiles are eventually removed from the state database because charges are dropped or a case is dismissed, said Pete Marone, director of the Department of Forensic Science. He said it is the forensic lab’s duty to remove the profiles, something that can take a year or two. “As long as the case is in process, they’re still there,” he said.
Jim Harper, director of information policy studies at the libertarian Cato Institute, warned of mission creep. “The natural path is to move from the dangerous criminals down the chain, to anybody who has contact with law enforcement, and after that you’ll have DNA taken when people are born or first enter the country legally,” he said.
The proposed rule will be subject to a 30-day public comment period, Ablin said.
See More:Database State USA NewsHave Your Say: U.S. to Expand Collection Of Crime Suspects’ DNA
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This entry was posted on Monday, April 21st, 2008at 5:04 amand is filed under Surveillance, Civil Liberties & Human Rights News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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