Such agreements are a condition for granting citizens of newer这种协议的一个条件给予公民的更新 European Union 欧洲联盟 member states the right to enter the United States without visas, and for maintaining that right for older EU members.会员国有权进入美国无需签证，并为维护这一权利为老年人的欧盟成员国。 US citizens already enjoy such a right when traveling to Europe.美国公民已经享有这种权利时，前往欧洲。

Senior Bush administration officials said the data exchange is crucial for spotting dangerous people before they enter the United States and for furthering criminal and terrorist investigations.布什政府高级官员说，数据交换是至关重要的检举危险的人民之前，他们进入美国并为进一步犯罪和恐怖调查。

The United States and the EU have been negotiating a separate, broad agreement on commercial data protection.美国和欧盟已单独谈判，达成广泛协议的商业数据保护。 But European privacy officials are concerned that the emerging bilateral pacts will not adequately protect people’s privacy.但欧洲的隐私官员担心，新兴的双边协议将不会充分保障市民的私隐。 And US privacy advocates are concerned about the potential transfer of sensitive information on US citizens to Europe.美国和隐私倡导者关心的潜在转移敏感的资料，对美国公民到欧洲。

The bilateral pacts augment the airline passenger record agreement reached last year with the EU, which requires airlines flying here from abroad to transfer data on passengers to US security agencies.双边协议增加航空公司的客运记录所达成的协议，去年与欧盟，这就要求航空公司飞行这里来自国外的数据传输对乘客对美国的安全机构。 They also complement a series of bilateral agreements to exchange screening data on known or suspected terrorists, which exclude data on race, religious beliefs and other sensitive items.他们还补充了一系列双边协议，以交换数据的筛选对已知或可疑的恐怖主义，排除数据，种族，宗教信仰和其他敏感项目。

“So if we arrest someone who’sa German national and we take his fingerprints, we do have the opportunity to send those fingerprints to Germany to say, ‘Do you know anything about this person?’ ” said Stewart A. Baker, assistant secretary for policy at the “因此，如果我们逮捕有人who'sa德语的国家和我们采取他的指纹，我们有机会向那些指纹，德国说， '你知不知道任何有关这个人吗？表示： ”史都华答：贝克，助理国务卿政策在 Department of Homeland Security 国土安全部 . 。 “European governments are entering into these agreements much more readily than they were four, five years ago, because concerns about terrorism are no longer confined to one side of the Atlantic.” “欧洲各国政府正进入这些协议更容易比他们四，五年前，因为对恐怖主义的关注已不再局限于一个大西洋彼岸的” 。

But some European lawmakers fear that, taken together, the accords will lead to a far-reaching exchange of personal data without appropriate safeguards and that eventually the United States will seek access to Europe-wide databases.但欧洲的一些国会议员担心，两者合计，该协定将导致一个影响深远的交流，个人资料没有适当的保障措施和最终，美国将寻求获得全欧洲数据库。 “We seem to be opening the floodgates, left, right and center,” said Sophie in’t Veld, a “我们似乎是开放闸门，左，右和中心，说： ”梁刘柔芬in't veld ， European Parliament 欧洲议会 member from the Netherlands.会员来自荷兰。 “It seems to me there are hardly any restrictions left.” “在我看来，有几乎没有任何限制，离开” 。

In March, the United States and Germany reached a preliminary agreement on sharing access to fingerprints, DNA files and other information for the prevention and combating of serious crime.今年3月，美国和德国达成了一项初步协议，分享获得的指纹， DNA的档案和其他资料，为预防和打击严重犯罪。 The pact is expected to be the model for other bilateral agreements, European officials said.该协议预计将在模型的其他双边协定，欧洲官员说。 The United States is also holding talks with central and eastern European countries such as Estonia, Hungary and the Czech Republic.美国还举行会谈，与中欧和东欧国家，如爱沙尼亚，匈牙利和捷克共和国。

Access to fingerprint files will be on a “hit, no hit” basis, explained Peter Schaar, German data protection commissioner.进入指纹档案会被一个“安打，无打”的基础上，解释黄匡源schaar ，德国的数据保护专员。 If one country asks the other to check a fingerprint and there is a match, or hit, the inquiring country would need to follow up with a request for more information on the subject’s identity.如果一个国家要求的其他检查指纹和有一个匹配，或袭来时，查询国家将需要跟进与更多信息的要求就此事的身份。

The agreement, which was described by two European officials, also allows for the transmission of “personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinion or religious or other beliefs, trade union membership or information concerning health and sexual life” in cases where they are “particularly relevant to the purposes of this agreement.” It defines personal data as “any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.”该协定，这是所描述的两个欧洲官员，还允许传输的“个人资料揭示种族或人种，政治见解或宗教或其他信仰，工会成员或有关健康和性生活”的情况下，他们是“尤其是有关本协定的目的” 。它界定了个人资料，作为“有关的任何资料，以确定或可识别的自然人” 。

The agreement also specifies that the parties, “recognizing the special sensitivity of the above categories of personal data, shall take suitable safeguards, in particular, appropriate security measures, in order to protect such data.”该协议还规定，各缔约方， “认识到特别的敏感性，上述类别的个人资料的，应当采取适当的保障措施，特别是适当的保安措施，为了保护这些数据” 。

Baker said that means the United States would not hand over data on a suspect’s religious beliefs unless it were relevant to an investigation, as in a terrorism plot involving Islamic extremists.贝克说，这意味着美国不会交出的数据疑犯的宗教信仰，除非它有关的一项调查，在一个恐怖主义的阴谋，涉及伊斯兰极端分子。

He said the United States has agreed to limit the purpose for which the data are sought, not to share it with other governments and not to retain data if they are no longer useful — if there is no match on a fingerprint, for instance.他说，美国已同意限制的目的，其中的数据要求，而不是分享它与其他各国政府和不保留的数据，如果他们不再是有用的-如果没有匹配的对指纹，例如。 He said errors in records will be corrected.他说，错误的记录，都将得到更正。

But Schaar, who is independent from the government, said he found no “clear rules on purpose limitation” or on the storage period.但schaar ，谁是独立于政府，他说，没有发现任何“明确的规则，对限制的目的” ，或贮存期。 “First,” he said, “which data are of concern is not really completely clear. “首先， ”他说： “数据令人关注的是，并非真正完全明确。 Second, who are the competent authorities on the US side?第二，谁是主管当局对美方？ Third, and most important, there is a lack of independent supervision in the United States over data protection.” In European states, independent privacy commissions safeguard the privacy rights of citizens, he said.第三，最重要的一点，是有没有独立的监督在美国的数据保护。 “在欧洲国家，独立委员会的隐私，维护隐私公民的权利，他说。

David Sobel, senior counsel for the大卫索贝尔，资深大律师为 Electronic Frontier Foundation 电子疆界基金会 , said transparency is an issue.说，透明度是一个问题。 “It’s all well and good to say the Estonian government will provide a right of access and redress, but under what circumstances is an American citizen going to know that the Estonian government has even received his information?” “它的一切，以及和良好的说，爱沙尼亚政府将提供一个有权查阅和补救，但在什么情况下是一个美国公民要知道，爱沙尼亚政府甚至还收到他的信息” ？

Germany’s president is expected to authorize the signing of the German agreement soon.德国的总统，可望授权签署的协议，德国很快。 Its Parliament must pass implementing legislation.其国会必须通过立法实施。

One official from a European state seeking visa-free status said he hopes the pacts will allow his country to obtain such status by the end of the year.一名官员从一个欧洲国家寻求免签证入境待遇的地位说，他希望协议将允许他的国家取得这种地位，在今年年底。 “The United States is a close ally of ours,” said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the talks’ sensitivity. “美国的亲密盟友，我们的”官员表示，谁发言的情况下不愿透露姓名的，因为这次会谈的敏感性。 “Obviously, counterterrorism and the fight against crime is a huge priority for the US and my government, as well.” “很显然，反恐和打击犯罪工作是一项庞大的优先事项，美国和我国政府，以及” 。