On the day the police proposal was put forward, the White House announced it had updated Reagan-era operating guidelines for the US intelligence community.在當天警方的建議是提出，白宮宣布，它已經更新了裡根時代的經營準則，美國情報界。 The revised Executive Order 12333 established guidelines for overseas spying and called for better sharing of information with local law enforcement.修訂行政命令12333既定指引，為海外從事間諜活動，並呼籲更好地分享信息，與當地執法。 It directed the它指示 CIA 美國中央情報局 and other spy agencies to “provide specialized equipment, technical knowledge or assistance of expert personnel” to support state and local authorities.和其他情報機構“提供專門的設備，技術知識或專家的協助人員” ，以支持國家和地方當局。

And last week,上週， Attorney General Michael B. Mukasey 總檢察長邁克爾乙mukasey said that the Justice Department will release new guidelines within weeks to streamline and unify FBI investigations of criminal law enforcement matters and national security threats.說，司法部將公佈新的指引，在數週內，以精簡，統一，聯邦調查局的調查，刑事執法的事項和國家安全的威脅。 The changes will clarify what tools agents can employ and whose approval they must obtain.更改會澄清什麼工具代理商可以聘請其批准，他們必須獲得。

The recent moves continue a steady expansion of the intelligence role of US law enforcement, breaking down a wall erected after congressional hearings in 1976 to rein in such activity.最近的舉動，繼續穩步擴大情報的作用，美國執法，打破圍牆豎立後，國會聽證會在1976年至懸崖勒馬，在這種活動。

The push to transform FBI and local police intelligence operations has triggered wider debate over who will be targeted, what will be done with the information collected and who will oversee such activities.推動改造聯邦調查局和當地警察的情報行動，引發了廣泛的辯論誰將會有針對性的，會怎樣做，與所收集的資料，誰負責監督這類活動。

Many security analysts faulted US authorities after the 2001 terrorist attacks, saying the FBI was not combating terrorist plots before they were carried out and needed to proactively use intelligence.許多安全分析師是無可厚非的，美國當局後， 2001年恐怖襲擊，稱聯邦調查局並沒有打擊恐怖主義的圖謀之前，他們進行和需要，積極利用情報。 In the years since, civil liberties groups and some members of Congress have criticized the administration for unilaterally expanding surveillance and moving too fast to share sensitive information without safeguards.在未來幾年以來，公民自由團體和一些國會議員，有批評政府當局單方面擴大監視和移動太快，分享敏感的資料，沒有保障。

Critics say preemptive law enforcement in the absence of a crime can violate the Constitution and due process.批評人士說，先發製人的執法，在缺乏犯罪的，可以違反憲法和正當程序。 They cite the administration’s long-running warrantless-surveillance program, which was set up outside the courts, and the FBI’s acknowledgment that it abused its intelligence-gathering privileges in hundreds of cases by using inadequately documented administrative orders to obtain telephone, e-mail, financial and other personal records of US citizens without warrants.他們列舉政府當局的長時間運行的無證-監察計劃，這是之外，成立法庭，和聯邦調查局的承認，它濫用其情報蒐集的特權，數以百計的情況下使用不足的記載行政命令獲取電話，電子郵件，財務及其他方面的個人紀錄的美國公民沒有逮捕證。

Former Justice Department official Jamie S. Gorelick said the new FBI guidelines on their own do not raise alarms.前司法部官員傑米第gorelick說，新的美國聯邦調查局的指引，對自己不提高警鐘。 But she cited the recent disclosure that undercover但她舉出最近披露說，臥底 Maryland State Police 馬里蘭州的國家警察 agents spied on death penalty opponents and antiwar groups in 2005 and 2006 to emphasize that the policies would require close oversight.代理商間諜對死刑的反對者和反戰團體在2005年和2006年要強調一點，政策，將需要密切監督。

“If properly implemented, this should assure the public that people are not being investigated by agencies who are not trained in how to protect constitutional rights,” said the former deputy attorney general. “如能適當執行，這應該向公眾保證，人民並沒有被調查的機構誰不訓練，如何保障憲法權利，說： ”前副總檢察長。 “The FBI will need to be vigilant — both in its policies and its practices — to live up to that promise.” “美國聯邦調查局便須提高警覺-無論是在其政策和做法-活到這一承諾”。

German, an FBI agent for 16 years, said easing established limits on intelligence-gathering would lead to abuses against peaceful political dissenters.德語，一個聯邦調查局特工16年，說，緩和設立的限制，情報收集，會導致侵害和平的政治異議人士。 In addition to the Maryland case, he pointed to reports in the past six years that undercover New York police officers infiltrated protest groups before the 2004此外，到馬里蘭州的情況下，他指出，報告在過去6年來的臥底，紐約警方人員滲入抗議團體前2004年 Republican National Convention 在共和黨全國代表大會 ; that California state agents eavesdropped on peace, animal rights and labor activists; and that ;加利福尼亞州代理商監聽的和平，動物權利和勞動積極分子;及 Denver police 丹佛警方 spied on間諜 Amnesty International 國際特赦組織 and others before being discovered.和其他前被發現。

“If police officers no longer see themselves as engaged in protecting their communities from criminals and instead as domestic intelligence agents working on behalf of the CIA, they will be encouraged to collect more information,” German said. “如果警務人員再也看不到自己從事在保護他們的社區從罪犯，而是作為國內情報工作的名義，中央情報局，他們將被鼓勵，以收集更多信息， ”德國說。 “It turns police officers into spies on behalf of the federal government.” “原來警務人員到間諜，代表聯邦政府” 。

Civil liberties groups also have warned that forthcoming Justice Department rules for the FBI may permit the use of terrorist profiles that could single out religious or ethnic groups such as Muslims or Arabs for investigation.公民自由團體也警告說，即將召開的司法部規則，聯邦調查局可能會允許使用恐怖主義的配置文件，可以挑出宗教或種族群體，如穆斯林或阿拉伯人進行調查。

Mukasey said the changes will give the next president “some of the tools necessary to keep us safe” and will not alter Justice rules that prohibit investigations based on a person’s race, religion or speech. mukasey說，變化將會給下一任總統“的一些必要的工具，以使我們的安全” ，並不會改變司法的規則，禁止調查的基礎上一個人的種族，宗教或講話。 He said the new guidelines will make it easier for the FBI to use informants, conduct physical and photographic surveillance, and share data in intelligence cases, on the grounds that doing so should be no harder than in investigations of ordinary crimes.他說，新指引會更容易為美國聯邦調查局使用線人，進行實物和攝影監視和共享數據，在情報案件，理由是這樣做，應該沒有困難比在調查的普通罪行。

Rep. Bennie Thompson 眾議員湯普森bennie (D-Miss.), chairman of the （ d-miss. ） ，擔任該 House Homeland Security Committee 眾議院國土安全委員會 , said that updating police intelligence rules is a move “in the right direction.他說，更新警察情報的規則是一個動議： “在正確的方向前進。 However, the vagueness of the provisions giving broad access to criminal intelligence to undefined agencies .不過，含糊其詞的規定，給予廣泛獲取刑事情報，以未定義的機構。 . 。 . 。 is very troubling.”是非常令人不安的“ 。

Staff writers Joby Warrick and Ellen Nakashima contributed to this report. 工作人員的作家joby warrick和埃倫島促成了這一報告。