On the day the police proposal was put forward, the White House announced it had updated Reagan-era operating guidelines for the US intelligence community.在当天警方的建议是提出，白宫宣布，它已经更新了里根时代的经营准则，美国情报界。 The revised Executive Order 12333 established guidelines for overseas spying and called for better sharing of information with local law enforcement.修订行政命令12333既定指引，为海外从事间谍活动，并呼吁更好地分享信息，与当地执法。 It directed the它指示 CIA 美国中央情报局 and other spy agencies to “provide specialized equipment, technical knowledge or assistance of expert personnel” to support state and local authorities.和其他情报机构“提供专门的设备，技术知识或专家的协助人员” ，以支持国家和地方当局。

And last week,上周， Attorney General Michael B. Mukasey 总检察长迈克尔乙mukasey said that the Justice Department will release new guidelines within weeks to streamline and unify FBI investigations of criminal law enforcement matters and national security threats.说，司法部将公布新的指引，在数周内，以精简，统一，联邦调查局的调查，刑事执法的事项和国家安全的威胁。 The changes will clarify what tools agents can employ and whose approval they must obtain.更改会澄清什么工具代理商可以聘请其批准，他们必须获得。

The recent moves continue a steady expansion of the intelligence role of US law enforcement, breaking down a wall erected after congressional hearings in 1976 to rein in such activity.最近的举动，继续稳步扩大情报的作用，美国执法，打破围墙竖立后，国会听证会在1976年至悬崖勒马，在这种活动。

The push to transform FBI and local police intelligence operations has triggered wider debate over who will be targeted, what will be done with the information collected and who will oversee such activities.推动改造联邦调查局和当地警察的情报行动，引发了广泛的辩论谁将会有针对性的，会怎样做，与所收集的资料，谁负责监督这类活动。

Many security analysts faulted US authorities after the 2001 terrorist attacks, saying the FBI was not combating terrorist plots before they were carried out and needed to proactively use intelligence.许多安全分析师是无可厚非的，美国当局后， 2001年恐怖袭击，称联邦调查局并没有打击恐怖主义的图谋之前，他们进行和需要，积极利用情报。 In the years since, civil liberties groups and some members of Congress have criticized the administration for unilaterally expanding surveillance and moving too fast to share sensitive information without safeguards.在未来几年以来，公民自由团体和一些国会议员，有批评政府当局单方面扩大监视和移动太快，分享敏感的资料，没有保障。

Critics say preemptive law enforcement in the absence of a crime can violate the Constitution and due process.批评人士说，先发制人的执法，在缺乏犯罪的，可以违反宪法和正当程序。 They cite the administration’s long-running warrantless-surveillance program, which was set up outside the courts, and the FBI’s acknowledgment that it abused its intelligence-gathering privileges in hundreds of cases by using inadequately documented administrative orders to obtain telephone, e-mail, financial and other personal records of US citizens without warrants.他们列举政府当局的长时间运行的无证-监察计划，这是之外，成立法庭，和联邦调查局的承认，它滥用其情报搜集的特权，数以百计的情况下使用不足的记载行政命令获取电话，电子邮件，财务及其他方面的个人纪录的美国公民没有逮捕证。

Former Justice Department official Jamie S. Gorelick said the new FBI guidelines on their own do not raise alarms.前司法部官员杰米第gorelick说，新的美国联邦调查局的指引，对自己不提高警钟。 But she cited the recent disclosure that undercover但她举出最近披露说，卧底 Maryland State Police 马里兰州的国家警察 agents spied on death penalty opponents and antiwar groups in 2005 and 2006 to emphasize that the policies would require close oversight.代理商间谍对死刑的反对者和反战团体在2005年和2006年要强调一点，政策，将需要密切监督。

“If properly implemented, this should assure the public that people are not being investigated by agencies who are not trained in how to protect constitutional rights,” said the former deputy attorney general. “如能适当执行，这应该向公众保证，人民并没有被调查的机构谁不训练，如何保障宪法权利，说： ”前副总检察长。 “The FBI will need to be vigilant — both in its policies and its practices — to live up to that promise.” “美国联邦调查局便须提高警觉-无论是在其政策和做法-活到这一承诺”。

German, an FBI agent for 16 years, said easing established limits on intelligence-gathering would lead to abuses against peaceful political dissenters.德语，一个联邦调查局特工16年，说，缓和设立的限制，情报收集，会导致侵害和平的政治异议人士。 In addition to the Maryland case, he pointed to reports in the past six years that undercover New York police officers infiltrated protest groups before the 2004此外，到马里兰州的情况下，他指出，报告在过去6年来的卧底，纽约警方人员渗入抗议团体前2004年 Republican National Convention 在共和党全国代表大会 ; that California state agents eavesdropped on peace, animal rights and labor activists; and that ;加利福尼亚州代理商监听的和平，动物权利和劳动积极分子;及 Denver police 丹佛警方 spied on间谍 Amnesty International 国际特赦组织 and others before being discovered.和其他前被发现。

“If police officers no longer see themselves as engaged in protecting their communities from criminals and instead as domestic intelligence agents working on behalf of the CIA, they will be encouraged to collect more information,” German said. “如果警务人员再也看不到自己从事在保护他们的社区从罪犯，而是作为国内情报工作的名义，中央情报局，他们将被鼓励，以收集更多信息， ”德国说。 “It turns police officers into spies on behalf of the federal government.” “原来警务人员到间谍，代表联邦政府” 。

Civil liberties groups also have warned that forthcoming Justice Department rules for the FBI may permit the use of terrorist profiles that could single out religious or ethnic groups such as Muslims or Arabs for investigation.公民自由团体也警告说，即将召开的司法部规则，联邦调查局可能会允许使用恐怖主义的配置文件，可以挑出宗教或种族群体，如穆斯林或阿拉伯人进行调查。

Mukasey said the changes will give the next president “some of the tools necessary to keep us safe” and will not alter Justice rules that prohibit investigations based on a person’s race, religion or speech. mukasey说，变化将会给下一任总统“的一些必要的工具，以使我们的安全” ，并不会改变司法的规则，禁止调查的基础上一个人的种族，宗教或讲话。 He said the new guidelines will make it easier for the FBI to use informants, conduct physical and photographic surveillance, and share data in intelligence cases, on the grounds that doing so should be no harder than in investigations of ordinary crimes.他说，新指引会更容易为美国联邦调查局使用线人，进行实物和摄影监视和共享数据，在情报案件，理由是这样做，应该没有困难比在调查的普通罪行。

Rep. Bennie Thompson 众议员汤普森bennie (D-Miss.), chairman of the （ d-miss. ） ，担任该 House Homeland Security Committee 众议院国土安全委员会 , said that updating police intelligence rules is a move “in the right direction.他说，更新警察情报的规则是一个动议： “在正确的方向前进。 However, the vagueness of the provisions giving broad access to criminal intelligence to undefined agencies .不过，含糊其词的规定，给予广泛获取刑事情报，以未定义的机构。 . 。 . 。 is very troubling.”是非常令人不安的“ 。

Staff writers Joby Warrick and Ellen Nakashima contributed to this report. 工作人员的作家joby warrick和埃伦岛促成了这一报告。