The Challenge Of Modern Slavery挑戰現代奴役
By Loretta Napoleoni | Slavery is in our refrigerators.由燕珍納波萊奧尼|奴隸制是在我們的冰箱。 From fruit to beef, from sugar to coffee, slave labor brings food to our tables.從水果，牛肉，糖的咖啡，奴隸勞動帶來的食物，以我們的表。 “Miguel,” a Mexican slave freed by the Coalition of Immokalee Workers, a US human-rights organization, may have harvested the apples we eat at breakfast. “米格爾” ，一名墨西哥奴隸釋放聯盟immokalee工人，美國的人權組織，可能有收穫的蘋果，我們吃早餐。 Miguel picked fruit under guard in the United States.米格爾挑選水果根據民警衛隊在美國。 He had traveled to el norte to earn the money to pay for treatment for his six-year-old son who has cancer; instead, his employer enslaved him.他曾前往下午北賺取的金錢來支付的待遇，他6歲的兒子，誰也癌;相反，他的雇主被奴役他。
The cocoa we drink while reading the newspaper or watching the morning news shows may come from the Ivory Coast, which supplies half the world market.可可，我們喝的同時，讀報紙或看早上的新聞顯示，可能來自象牙海岸，其中一半供應世界市場。 Children and adolescents from even poorer neighboring countries, such as Mali, trek all the way to the cocoa plantations to earn a subsistence salary.兒童和青少年免受更差周邊國家，如馬里，跋涉所有的方式，向可可種植園，以賺取生活費的薪金。 Often, they end up working as slaves in remote farms. ，他們往往結束了工作的奴隸在偏遠的農場。 “Nineteen-year-old Drissa was one such young man. “今年19歲的德里薩就是這樣一個小伙子。 When he was freed in 2000, he had just gone through a ‘breaking-in’ period as his master accustomed him to enslavement.當他被釋放在2000年，他剛剛經歷了'突圍'期間，作為他的主人習慣於他的奴役。 His back was laced with scars and wounds from being whipped.”他的背部被laced傷痕和傷口被掀起了“ 。
Almost every product we consume has a hidden dark history, from slave labor to piracy, from counterfeit to fraud, from theft to money laundering.幾乎每一個產品，我們的消費有一個隱藏的黑暗歷史，從奴隸勞動，盜版，從偽造欺詐，盜竊洗錢。 We know very little about these economic secrets because modern consumers live inside the market matrix.我們所知甚少，這些經濟機密，因為現代消費者的生活內市場矩陣。
The first thought that comes to mind when we discover that our hot chocolate comes directly from slave labor suggests that we boycott Ivory Coast cocoa.第一認為，來時，我們發現我們的熱巧克力直接來自奴隸勞動表明，我們抵制象牙海岸可可。 But this decision would not help free thousands of young slaves like Drissa.但這一決定不會幫助免費數千名年輕的奴隸一樣，德里薩。 On the contrary, it could make their lives much worse and harm honest farmers as well.與此相反，它可以使他們的生活更糟糕和危害，誠實的農民，以及。 “Africa is like a body infested with parasites. “非洲就像一個身體帶有寄生蟲。 One has to be careful not to kill the body to get rid of the parasites,” summarized Rico Carish.一要小心，不要殺死身體擺脫寄生蟲“ ，總結了波多黎各carish 。 Millions of people depend for their sustenance on this parasitic rogue economy.數百萬人依靠他們的寄託在此寄生無賴的經濟體系。 The alternative could impoverish them further, if it does not put them at risk of death.另類可以貧窮，他們進一步，如果它不把他們在死亡的危險。
Often, western intervention, even when willing and well intentioned, achieves very little.很多時候，西方的干預，即使願意和用心良苦，達到非常少。 In the case of many African commodities, Western companies have no direct contact with farmers.在該案件，許多非洲商品，西方公司並沒有直接接觸農民。 Trade occurs through local intermediaries, middlemen, and shippers.貿易出現通過當地中介機構，中間人，和付貨人。 The profits of slavery are collected at the farm gate, a practice that effectively incorporates them in the price of the product.利潤的奴役收集在農場大門，這種做法有效地整合了他們在產品價格。 Often the intermediaries do not even know or care that slave labor is involved in the production of the goods they trade.往往是中介機構甚至不知道或關心的奴隸勞動是涉及在生產的貨物，他們的貿易。 This explains why halting imports from the Ivory Coast will not end slavery but force thousands of honest farmers and their families into poverty.這解釋了為何停止進口來自象牙海岸不會結束奴隸制，但部隊的數千名誠實的農民及其家庭陷入貧困。 To eradicate the problem, one must attack the root causes, a task that only local governments can accomplish.為消除這個問題，一要攻擊的根源，一個工作，只有地方政府可以完成。 But good governance also proves a rare commodity on the African continent.但善政也證明了難得的商品在非洲大陸上。
Even more shocking is the discovery that in the twenty-first century, slavery is booming on a global scale.更令人吃驚的是發現，在二十一世紀，奴隸制是蓬勃發展在全球範圍內。 According to the United Nations, slavery is growing at an unprecedented rate.根據聯合國，奴隸制是增長以前所未有的速度。 Figures put global slavery at 27 million persons, a generation of modern slaves that, according to the International Labor Organization, produces yearly profits of around $31 billion.數字放在全球奴役在27萬人，一代人的現代奴隸，根據國際勞動組織，生產，每年利潤約310億美元。 Population explosion and great migrations coupled with globalization have boosted the slave trade.人口爆炸和偉大的遷徙，再加上全球化推動了奴隸貿易。 “The increase in slavery is linked to globalization,” concurs Kevin Bales, author of Ending Slavery: How We Will Free Today’s Slaves. “增加在奴隸制問題是聯繫在一起的全球化， ”同意凱文包，作者結束奴隸制問題：我們如何將免費今天的奴隸。 “But this is not about sweat-shop workers existing on misery wages. “但是，這不是汗水，車間工人現有的對苦難的工資。 Slaves are under the complete, violent control of another person; they are economically exploited and get only enough food and shelter to stay alive.奴隸是下完成，暴力控制另一個人;他們在經濟上受剝削，只能得到足夠的食物和棲身之留活著。 For millions of victims, their experience differs little in hardship from that of slaves hundreds of years ago.”為數以百萬計的受害者，他們的經驗不同，沒有什麼困難，從奴隸幾百年前“ 。
Slavery’s resurgence exerts a direct effect on its cost, which has now fallen for decades.奴隸制的死灰復燃施加直接影響其成本，現在已下降了數十年之久。 Bates calculated that, while over the past 3,000 years the average price of a slave has ranged from $20,000 to $80,000 (adjusted to current dollar value) now people can be bought and sold for a tenth of these prices.貝茨計算，而在過去三千年的平均價格的奴隸的交易區間二點○○萬美元，以80000美元（調整，以目前的美元價值）現在，人們可以購買和出售，為的十分之一，這些價格。 After World War II, we witnessed a sudden surge in the supply of slave labor, pushing prices down.二戰結束後，我們目睹了突然大幅增加，在供應的奴隸勞動，推動價格下跌。 Ironically, this phenomenon began as a consequence of decolonization, which shifted slave ownership from colonizers to countrymen.諷刺的是，這種現象開始作為一個後果，非殖民化，轉移奴隸的所有權從殖民者到全國。 Today’s slaves are predominantly enslaved by their national peers and not by foreign powers.今天的奴隸，主要是被奴役的本國同行，而不是由外國的權力。 Like other commodity markets, slavery operates by the law of supply and demand, and today supply proves plentiful among the millions living on a dollar to two dollars a day.像其他商品市場，奴役的運作受到法律的供應和需求，和今天的證明，豐富的供應之間的數百萬生活在1美元兌2美元一天。
Consumers remain blissfully ignorant of these facts.消費者仍然是幸福無知的這些事實。 The market matrix, a complex maze of smoke and mirrors, hides the exploitative nature of trade and commerce.市場矩陣，一個複雜的迷宮，煙霧和鏡子，隱藏的剝削性質的貿易和商業。 The shelves of Western supermarkets are stacked with items produced by people in developing countries who earn a miniscule fraction of their value.貨架上西方超級市場的堆疊與項目所產生的發展中國家的人民誰賺取微乎其微的一部分其價值。 Consumers, if they ever chose to think about it, might be shocked to learn who pockets most of the profits of their daily grocery shopping.消費者，如果他們選擇想想看，可能會震驚地獲悉，誰的口袋，大部分的利潤，他們的日常食品雜貨商場。
Loretta Napoleoni: An expert on financing of terrorism, Loretta advises several governments on counter-terrorism.燕珍納波萊奧尼：一專家就恐怖主義提供資助的，燕珍意見，幾個國家的政府對反恐怖主義。 She is senior partner of G Risk, a London based risk agency.她是高級合夥人克的風險，倫敦基於風險代理。 - She is a Fulbright scholar at Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in Washington DC. -她是一位富布萊特學者約翰霍普金斯大學的保羅每小時尼采高級國際研究學院在華盛頓特區。 and a Rotary Scholar at the London School of Economics..和扶輪社學者在London School of Economics ..
To review further articles and listen to podcasts by Loretta Napoleoni, you are invited to visit her website:進一步審查的文章，並聽取播客由燕珍納波萊奧尼，你是邀請她訪問網址： http://www.lorettanapoleoni.org
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