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 | Translate: 翻譯：               Privacy groups praise bill curbing warrantless laptop searches隱私團體讚揚法案遏制無證筆記本搜索 Wednesday, October 8th, 2008 星期三， 08年一十月八號 By通過 Jaikumar Vijayan Jaikumar Vijayan | Privacy and civil rights groups are welcoming legislation that proposes tough new standards for conducting searches of laptops and other electronic devices at US borders. |隱私和公民權利團體歡迎立法，提出嚴厲的新標準進行搜查的筆記本電腦和其他電子設備在美國的邊界。 The legislation, called該法案要求 the Travelers’ Privacy Protection Act of 2008在旅行者隱私保護法2008年 , was introduced last week by US Sens. ，介紹了上週由美國參議員 Russ Feingold (D-Wis.)拉斯法因戈爾德（ D-Wis. ） and和 Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.)瑪麗亞坎特維爾（ D-Wash. ） , and US Rep. Adam Smith, (D-Wash.). ，美國眾議員亞當斯密（ D-Wash. ） 。 The bill is aimed at curbing the該法案旨在制止 controversial practice有爭議的做法 by US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) officials of conducting由美國國土安全部（國土安全部）的官員進行 searches搜尋 , without apparent reason, of laptops, cell phones, storage devices and other electronic items belonging to travelers arriving at US borders. ，沒有明顯的理由，筆記本電腦，手機，存儲設備和其他電子物品旅客在美國的邊界。 The Feingold bill, though a long way from becoming law, has the support of the該法因戈爾德法案，但很長的路要走成為法律，也支持 American Civil Liberties Union美國公民自由聯盟 and the和 Association of Corporate Travel Executives協會的商務旅行管理人員 ( （ ACTE行為 ), both of which have been strongly opposed to the DHS border searches. ） ，這兩個一直強烈反對美國國土安全部邊境搜查。 Feingold, in a statement, said the bill was introduced法因戈爾德在一份聲明中說，該法案介紹 in response to a DHS policy為了響應美國國土安全部的政策 announced July 16 that allows customs agents at US borders to seize laptops from travelers without giving a reason. 7月16日宣布，允許海關人員在美國邊境，以抓住從旅客的筆記本電腦沒有給出這樣做的原因。 The DHS在國土安全部 policy政策 allows agents to retain seized laptops for an unspecified period while the contents are searched and analyzed even if there was no individualized suspicion to trigger the search.允許保留代理商檢獲的電腦不定期的內容，而搜索和分析，即使沒有個性的懷疑觸發了搜索行動。 The DHS has argued that it needs the ability to conduct such searches to ensure border security.在美國國土安全部認為，它需要的能力進行搜查，以確保邊界安全。 In the few instances where the issue has gone to court, the decisions have tended to favor the DHS’ view.在少數情況下這個問題已經向法院的決定往往有利於國土安全部的看法。 In April, for instance, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that customs officers今年4月，例如，美國上訴法院第九巡迴舉行，海關人員 need no reasonable suspicion無需合理懷疑 to search through the contents of an individual’s laptop at the country’s borders.搜索的內容個人的筆記本電腦在該國的邊界。 In arriving at its decision, the court noted that searches of closed containers, such as briefcases and wallets, have long been allowed at US borders and concluded that computers were no different from such containers.在達成其決定，法院指出，搜索的密封容器，如公文包和錢包，長期以來一直允許在美國的邊界並得出結論認為，電腦是沒有什麼不同，例如容器。 Similarly, the同樣， Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals第四巡迴上訴法院 also upheld the validity of the warrant-less searches at US borders saying that requiring warrants would impose an “unworkable standard” on border agents.還堅持的有效性，保證無搜查美國邊界說，認股權證將要求實行“行不通的標準”就邊界代理人。 Announcing his bill last week, Feingold noted that most Americans would likely be “shocked” to know that the contents of their laptops, including personal documents, e-mails, photographs and browsing histories, would be liable to such searches without cause.他的法案宣布，上週法因戈爾德指出，大多數美國人可能會“震驚”知道的內容，他們的筆記本電腦，包括個人文檔，電子郵件，照片和瀏覽器的歷史，將被判處這類搜索無事業。 The bill would bring the government’s border search practices “back in line with the reasonable expectations of law-abiding Americans,” he said.該法案將使政府的邊界搜索做法“在符合合理期望守法的美國人， ”他說。 Feingold’s bill spells out standards for search and seizures of electronic equipment belonging to US travelers at airports and other borders.法因戈爾德法案規定了標準的搜查及檢取物品的電子設備屬於美國的旅客在機場和其他邊界。 The biggest condition is that such searches may be initiated only if the customs agent has “reasonable suspicion” that the traveler is carrying contraband or items otherwise prohibited in the country, or because the traveler is prohibited from entering the US The equipment may be seized only if the DHS secretary, or a relevant federal or state law enforcement agency, obtains a probable-cause warrant on the belief that the equipment contains information that either violates a law, provides evidence of illegal activity or is foreign intelligence material.最大的條件是，這種搜索可能會開始只有當海關代理人“合理懷疑”的旅客攜帶違禁品或其他違禁物品在該國，或旅行支票，因為被禁止進入美國的設備可處理只如果國土安全部秘書，或有關聯邦或州執法機構，獲得了可能的原因令的信念，即設備包含的信息或者違反了法律，提供證據的非法活動，或外國情報材料。 The bill also spells out specific procedures to be followed during such searches, including the need for supervisory approval and the specific nature and basis for the suspicion.該法案還規定了具體應遵循的程序在這樣的搜查，包括需要審批和監管的具體性質和基礎的懷疑。 It would require customs agents to allow the traveler to be present when the search is conducted and mandates that such searches must be done by a minimum of two customs agents at all times.這將要求海關工作人員，讓旅客在場時進行搜索和任務，這種搜查必須由至少兩個海關工作人員在任何時候都。 The bill would also restrict the search to only the specific documents, files or other storage media that could reasonably contain the information that triggered the search.該法案還限制只搜索特定的文件，文件或其他存儲介質，可以合理地包含的信息，引發了搜索。 It would also require customs agents to maintain complete records of all such searches.這還需要海關人員保持完整的記錄所有此類搜查。 The bill also lists similar requirements for all such seizures.該法案還列出了類似的要求，所有這些癲癇發作。 In a statement last week, the在一份聲明中宣布，上週 ACLU美國公民自由聯盟 ’s Washington office said the bill will ensure that individual privacy rights as well as national security interests are protected.氏華盛頓辦事處說，這項法案將確保個人隱私權利以及國家安全利益得到保護。 The statement noted that laptops, cell phones and other electronic devices that store personal information can’t be breached “under the guise of border security.”聲明中指出，筆記型電腦，手機和其他電子設備儲存個人信息不能違反“的幌子下邊界安全。 ” In an interview with Computerworld , Timothy Sparapani, the ACLU’s senior legislative counsel, said the bill was “critically important” to curbing the warrantless searches.在接受採訪時相比 ，霍震霆急速的美國公民自由聯盟的高級立法律師表示，該法案是“極為重要” ，以制止無證搜查。 “The customs and border protection division is acting as if the border was some sort of lawless Wild West zone that is only theirs to police with laws they have written and only they can enforce,” Sparpani said. “海關和邊境保護部門正在採取行動，猶如邊界某種無法無天的西部地區，只有他們的警察與法律，他們已經寫信只有他們才能執行， ” Sparpani說。 “Nothing can be further from the truth.” “沒什麼可進一步從真相。 ” Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center, said Feingold’s proposal deals “with a real problem.”馬克羅滕貝格，執行董事總部設在華盛頓的電子隱私信息中心說，法因戈爾德的建議交易“的一個實際問題。 ” “The view of the DHS is that it has the right to search a laptop without any indication of probable cause or criminal conduct. “的觀點國土安全部是它的權利，搜索的筆記本電腦沒有任何跡象表明有可能造成或犯罪行為。 That is authority that really needs to be regulated by someone,” he said.這是權威，真正需要加以規範的人， “他說。 The那個 ACTE noted指出行為 that the bill introduces a “much higher and necessary” standard for laptop searches at US borders.該法案提出了一種“高得多的和必要的”標準的筆記本電腦在美國的搜索邊界。 The bill seeks to ensure that such searches are subject to a formal judicial process by requiring the DHS to obtain warrants beforehand, the ACTE statement noted.該法案旨在確保這些搜查受到正式司法程序，要求國土安全部獲得認股權證之前，該聲明指出行為。 “It puts an end to the indiscriminate ransacking of data. “這結束了不分青紅皂白的數據洗劫一空。 It allows the traveler to witness the process, and it limits the time officials can hold a traveler’s hardware,” ACTE Executive Director Susan Gurley said in the statement.它可以讓旅客目睹這一過程中，它的時間限制官員可容納旅客的硬件， “行為執行主任蘇珊格利在一份聲明中說。 Feingold’s proposal comes at a time of growing concern over the searches of laptops and electronic devices at US borders.法因戈爾德的建議是在時間的日益關注搜索的筆記本電腦和電子設備在美國的邊界。 There are no hard numbers available for the searches that the DHS has conducted of traveler’s laptops and electronic devices at US borders.有沒有確鑿的數據可用於搜索的國土安全部已進行的旅行支票的筆記本電腦和電子設備在美國的邊界。 While the agency has contended the instances of such searches are few and far between, groups such as the ACTE and ACLU claim that they have been increasing sharply both in number and scope.雖然該機構爭辯的事例，例如搜索，卻並不多見，團體，如美國公民自由聯盟行為，並聲稱他們已大幅增加的數量和範圍。 Groups such as the ACTE and the Electronic Frontier Foundation have群體，如行為和電子前線基金會已 warned警告 travelers that such searches could result in personal and business data being breached.旅客，這種搜索可能會導致個人和企業的數據破壞。 Have Your Say: Privacy groups praise bill curbing warrantless laptop searches 你說：隱私團體讚揚法案遏制無證筆記本搜索 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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