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  | Translate: 翻譯：               No Amnesty for Bush Administration, Say Torture Opponents沒有特赦布什政府表示，反對酷刑 Wednesday, November 26th, 2008 星期三， 08年11月26號
By Ali Gharib | Judging by the rare leaks from President-elect Barack Obama’s transition team, investigations and prosecutions of high-level George W. Bush administration officials for torture and war crimes are a distant prospect.阿里加里卜|評審所罕見的洩漏當選總統奧巴馬的過渡小組，調查和起訴的高級別布什政府官員的酷刑罪和戰爭罪是一個遙遠的前景。 But likely or not, that won’t stop pundits from debating the question of whether those officials responsible should be held accountable.但是，可能與否，不會停止學者辯論的問題：是否這些官員負責的應當追究責任。 Irrespective of whether Vice President Dick Cheney, former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, or others are dragged before juries, one glaring change seems absolutely certain: Obama stands unequivocally against torture, and the practice is likely to come to an end under his administration.不論美國副總統切尼，前國防部長唐納德拉姆斯菲爾德，或其他人拖陪審團面前，一個突出的變化是絕對肯定：奧巴馬明確立場，反對酷刑，和實踐有可能結束在他的政府。 “Even though I’ve been disappointed in other presidents in the past, I do listen, and I do believe Obama when he says we won’t torture. “雖然我已經失望，其他總統在過去，我不聽，我相信奧巴馬時，他說，我們不會酷刑。 I think that’s crucial,” said Michael Ratner, the president of the Center for Constitutional Rights.我認為這是至關重要的， “邁克爾拉特納說，總統的憲法權利中心。 But forswearing controversial and harsh interrogation methods may not be enough to permanently reestablish the moral high ground that the Obama administration has promised to bring back to the US’ interactions with the rest of the world.但是forswearing爭議和艱苦的審訊方法可能沒有足夠的永久重建道德高地上的奧巴馬政府已答應帶回美國的相互作用與世界其他地區。 If Obama doesn’t take on torture that occurred, as opposed to simply discontinuing the practice, the door may be left open for future administrations to resurrect the harshest of interrogation techniques, said Ratner at a recent forum at Georgetown University Law School.如果奧巴馬不採取酷刑問題發生的，而不是簡單地停止這種做法，車門可打開左側為今後的行政復活最嚴厲的審訊技術，拉特納說，在最近的一次論壇在喬治敦大學法學院。 “If Obama really wants to make sure we don’t torture, he has to launch a criminal investigation,” said Ratner, the author of The Trial of Donald Rumsfeld: A Prosecution by Book. “如果奧巴馬真的是要確保我們不會酷刑，他已經啟動了刑事調查， ”拉特納說，作者的審判拉姆斯菲爾德：檢察機關的圖書。 He said that the targets of such an investigation would be the easily identifiable “key players” and “principals” in the Bush administration who hatched plans to allow and legally justify harsh interrogation methods that critics allege are torture, including the controversial “waterboarding” simulated drowning technique.他說，目標的這種調查將是易於識別的“關鍵球員”和“校長”的布什政府誰孵化計劃，允許和合法的理由嚴酷的審訊方法，批評的酷刑指控，其中包括備受爭議的“水刑”模擬溺水技術。 Those pursued, said Ratner, would include high-ranking administration officials such as Cheney, Rumsfeld, and former Central Intelligence Agency chief George Tenet, as well as the legal team that drummed up what is now regarded as a sloppy legal justification for torture.這些追求，拉特納說，將包括高層政府官員，如切尼，拉姆斯菲爾德和前中央情報局長特尼特，以及法律小組， drummed了什麼是現在被視為草率法律依據的酷刑。 Key Bush administration lawyers involved in providing legal cover to harsh practices, including the roundly criticized “torture memo” from the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), include former attorney general and earlier White House counsel Alberto Gonzales; Cheney’s chief of staff and former legal counsel to the vice president’s office David Addington; and the University of California, Berkeley law professor and former OLC lawyer John Yoo.關鍵布什政府的律師參與提供法律涵蓋嚴厲的做法，包括嚴厲批評“酷刑備忘錄”由司法部辦公室的法律顧問（法律顧問室） ，包括前總檢察長和前白宮法律顧問岡薩雷斯;切尼參謀總長和前律師的副總統辦公室大衛阿丁頓;和加州大學伯克利分校的法律教授和前法律顧問室律師約翰柳。 If the characters behind the questionable techniques are not held accountable for violating US and international laws, said Ratner, presidents after Obama may simply say “well, in the name of national security I can just redo what Obama just put in place.如果該字符後面的可疑技術不追究違反美國法律和國際法律，拉特納說，總統後，奧巴馬可能只是說： “很好，在國家安全的名義下我只能重做什麼奧巴馬剛剛到位。 I can go torture again.”我可以去折磨了。 “ Ratner also spoke to the concern that, from the view of the rest of the world, “to not do an investigation and prosecution gives the impression of impunity.”拉特納還談到的關注，從鑑於世界其他地區， “不這樣做的一個調查和起訴給人的印象有罪不罰的現象。 ” But opposing Ratner on the dais, Stewart Taylor Jr. argued that an investigation and prosecution were not appropriate.但是，反對拉特納的講台，斯圖爾特泰勒小爭辯說，調查和起訴是不恰當的。 “The people who are called ‘war criminals’ by [Ratner] and others do not think they acted with impunity,” said Taylor, a Brookings Institution fellow and frequent contributor to Newsweek and the National Journal. “誰的人被稱為'戰爭罪犯'的[拉特納]和其他不認為他們採取行動而不受懲罰， ”泰勒說，一個布魯金斯學會研究員和頻繁的貢獻者新聞和全國期刊。 In the July 21 edition of Newsweek, Taylor called for Bush to preemptively pardon any administration official who could be held to account for torture or war crimes.在7月21日出版的新聞周刊，泰勒呼籲布什先發製人赦免任何行政官員誰是追究酷刑罪或戰爭罪。 Taylor’s rationale was that without fear of prosecution, a full and true account of what he called “dark deeds” could never come to light.泰勒的理由是，不必擔心被起訴，全面和真正的到他所謂的“暗行”決不可能被曝光。 Furthermore, at the Georgetown Law event Taylor said investigation and eventual prosecution would “tear the country apart.”此外，在喬治敦法事件泰勒說，調查和起訴最終將“撕裂的國家四分五裂。 ” That may be the thinking of Obama, who, in addition to hints he wouldn’t investigate Bush administration malfeasance, declared his intention to govern as a political reconciliation president in his election victory speech.這也許是思想的奧巴馬，誰，除了暗示，他不會調查布什政府瀆職，宣布他打算治理作為一項政治和解在他的總統選舉中獲勝講話。 In Grant Park in Chicago on Nov. 4, Obama rehashed a quote from slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., but instead of rhetorically bending the “arc of history” toward “justice,” as King did, Obama called for it to be bent “toward the hope of a better day.”在格蘭特公園在芝加哥11月4日，奧巴馬rehashed引自民權領袖馬丁路德金，而是彎曲的言論之弧“歷史”走向“正義”的國王沒有，奧巴馬呼籲它執意“向希望一個更美好的一天。 ” But Ratner said that the country was already divided, and that divide is exactly what a future administration could politically exploit to reinstate torture.但拉特納說，該國已經分裂，這個鴻溝正是未來的政府可能在政治上利用恢復酷刑。 He said that Obama must close the divide and doing so is not rehashing the past.他說，奧巴馬必須關閉鴻溝，這樣做是不是重複過去。 “You’re making sure that in the future, we don’t torture again,” Ratner said. “你是確保在未來，我們不會再次酷刑， ”拉特納說。 “This is not looking backward.” “這不是尋找落後。 ” Another potential problem with investigation and prosecution, says Taylor, is that the Bush administration officials ostensibly had sought to find out whether the methods they were about to approve were justified, and, indeed, they were told they were in the legal clear.另一個潛在的問題進行調查和起訴說，泰勒是，布什政府官員表面上曾試圖找出方法是否對他們批准是有道理的，事實上，他們被告知，他們是在法律明確。 “There is no evidence that high-ranking officials acted with criminal intent,” he said. “沒有任何證據表明，高層官員採取了犯罪意圖， ”他說。 “They were relying in good faith on the advice of legal counsel.” “他們是靠真誠的意見，法律諮詢。 ” Taylor said that since the legal advice originated from the Department of Justice, it would be wrong for the same Justice Department to “turn around” and prosecute people for actions that its previous incarnation had explicitly told were legal.泰勒說，由於法律諮詢來自司法部，這將是錯誤的，同樣的司法部“轉身”和起訴人的行動，其以往的化身已經明確告訴是合法的。 But Taylor’s point misses two issues: that the crimes were allegedly given a legal green light because of collusion with the White House, and that Ratner proposes to investigate those same Justice officials who were involved in giving approval.但是泰勒的觀點忽略了兩個問題：該罪行被賦予了法律綠燈勾結，因為與白宮，並建議拉特納調查這些相同的司法部官員誰參與了給予批准。 Despite referring to John Yoo as a “gonzo executive imperialist,” Taylor said that “those officials, like them or not, were honorably motivated” because they were “desperately afraid” of another terrorist attack.儘管提到約翰柳作為“貢扎行政帝國主義， ”泰勒說： “這些官員，希望他們或不被連隊動機” ，因為他們是“極其害怕”的另一個恐怖襲擊。 Ratner insists that the officials, part of a “group, cabal, or conspiracy,” may be culpable because they were “aiders and abettors.”拉特納堅持認為，官員，參加了“組，陰謀，或陰謀， ”可能是有罪，因為他們是“協助及教唆非法入境。 ” “[OLC] was not giving independent counsel,” insisted Ratner. “ [法律顧問室]是不會放棄獨立的辯護律師， ”堅持拉特納。 “They were shaping memos to fit a policy that had already been determined.” “他們塑造的備忘錄以適應這一政策已經確定。 ” And while Taylor was quick to point out that many US administrations had been accused of war crimes by various sources, Ratner replied that it was the first time that any administration had actually “assaulted the prohibition on torture.”而泰勒很快就指出，許多美國政府已被控犯有戰爭罪行的各種來源，拉特納回答說，這是第一次，任何政府實際上已“毆打禁止酷刑。 ” That could be one reason why, if the US does not take care of its own house, Bush administration officials will likely be pursued on charges in Europe and elsewhere.這可能是原因之一，如果美國不照顧自己的房子，布什政府官員可能會採取的罪名在歐洲和其他地方。 In international courts, said Ratner, those officials will not be able to hide behind the legal shields of internal government memos or executive decrees.在國際法庭，拉特納說，這些官員將無法掩蓋的法律盾牌的政府內部備忘錄或行政命令。 “They have no defense in international law,” he said. “他們已經沒有國防國際法， ”他說。 “They’re finished.” “他們完成。 ” (Inter Press Service) （國際新聞） Have Your Say: No Amnesty for Bush Administration, Say Torture Opponents 你說：任何特赦布什政府表示，反對酷刑 Please read our請仔細閱讀我們的 posting guidelines before posting張貼在發布前的指導方針 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以討論這份報告在這裡 . 。 Related News 相關新聞
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