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  | Translate: 翻译：               No Amnesty for Bush Administration, Say Torture Opponents没有特赦布什政府表示，反对酷刑 Wednesday, November 26th, 2008 星期三， 08年11月26号
By Ali Gharib | Judging by the rare leaks from President-elect Barack Obama’s transition team, investigations and prosecutions of high-level George W. Bush administration officials for torture and war crimes are a distant prospect.阿里加里卜|评审所罕见的泄漏当选总统奥巴马的过渡小组，调查和起诉的高级别布什政府官员的酷刑罪和战争罪是一个遥远的前景。 But likely or not, that won’t stop pundits from debating the question of whether those officials responsible should be held accountable.但是，可能与否，不会停止学者辩论的问题：是否这些官员负责的应当追究责任。 Irrespective of whether Vice President Dick Cheney, former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, or others are dragged before juries, one glaring change seems absolutely certain: Obama stands unequivocally against torture, and the practice is likely to come to an end under his administration.不论美国副总统切尼，前国防部长唐纳德拉姆斯菲尔德，或其他人拖陪审团面前，一个突出的变化是绝对肯定：奥巴马明确立场，反对酷刑，和实践有可能结束在他的政府。 “Even though I’ve been disappointed in other presidents in the past, I do listen, and I do believe Obama when he says we won’t torture. “虽然我已经失望，其他总统在过去，我不听，我相信奥巴马时，他说，我们不会酷刑。 I think that’s crucial,” said Michael Ratner, the president of the Center for Constitutional Rights.我认为这是至关重要的， “迈克尔拉特纳说，总统的宪法权利中心。 But forswearing controversial and harsh interrogation methods may not be enough to permanently reestablish the moral high ground that the Obama administration has promised to bring back to the US’ interactions with the rest of the world.但是forswearing争议和艰苦的审讯方法可能没有足够的永久重建道德高地上的奥巴马政府已答应带回美国的相互作用与世界其他地区。 If Obama doesn’t take on torture that occurred, as opposed to simply discontinuing the practice, the door may be left open for future administrations to resurrect the harshest of interrogation techniques, said Ratner at a recent forum at Georgetown University Law School.如果奥巴马不采取酷刑问题发生的，而不是简单地停止这种做法，车门可打开左侧为今后的行政复活最严厉的审讯技术，拉特纳说，在最近的一次论坛在乔治敦大学法学院。 “If Obama really wants to make sure we don’t torture, he has to launch a criminal investigation,” said Ratner, the author of The Trial of Donald Rumsfeld: A Prosecution by Book. “如果奥巴马真的是要确保我们不会酷刑，他已经启动了刑事调查， ”拉特纳说，作者的审判拉姆斯菲尔德：检察机关的图书。 He said that the targets of such an investigation would be the easily identifiable “key players” and “principals” in the Bush administration who hatched plans to allow and legally justify harsh interrogation methods that critics allege are torture, including the controversial “waterboarding” simulated drowning technique.他说，目标的这种调查将是易于识别的“关键球员”和“校长”的布什政府谁孵化计划，允许和合法的理由严酷的审讯方法，批评的酷刑指控，其中包括备受争议的“水刑”模拟溺水技术。 Those pursued, said Ratner, would include high-ranking administration officials such as Cheney, Rumsfeld, and former Central Intelligence Agency chief George Tenet, as well as the legal team that drummed up what is now regarded as a sloppy legal justification for torture.这些追求，拉特纳说，将包括高层政府官员，如切尼，拉姆斯菲尔德和前中央情报局长特尼特，以及法律小组， drummed了什么是现在被视为草率法律依据的酷刑。 Key Bush administration lawyers involved in providing legal cover to harsh practices, including the roundly criticized “torture memo” from the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), include former attorney general and earlier White House counsel Alberto Gonzales; Cheney’s chief of staff and former legal counsel to the vice president’s office David Addington; and the University of California, Berkeley law professor and former OLC lawyer John Yoo.关键布什政府的律师参与提供法律涵盖严厉的做法，包括严厉批评“酷刑备忘录”由司法部办公室的法律顾问（法律顾问室） ，包括前总检察长和前白宫法律顾问冈萨雷斯;切尼参谋总长和前律师的副总统办公室大卫阿丁顿;和加州大学伯克利分校的法律教授和前法律顾问室律师约翰柳。 If the characters behind the questionable techniques are not held accountable for violating US and international laws, said Ratner, presidents after Obama may simply say “well, in the name of national security I can just redo what Obama just put in place.如果该字符后面的可疑技术不追究违反美国法律和国际法律，拉特纳说，总统后，奥巴马可能只是说： “很好，在国家安全的名义下我只能重做什么奥巴马刚刚到位。 I can go torture again.”我可以去折磨了。 “ Ratner also spoke to the concern that, from the view of the rest of the world, “to not do an investigation and prosecution gives the impression of impunity.”拉特纳还谈到的关注，从鉴于世界其他地区， “不这样做的一个调查和起诉给人的印象有罪不罚的现象。 ” But opposing Ratner on the dais, Stewart Taylor Jr. argued that an investigation and prosecution were not appropriate.但是，反对拉特纳的讲台，斯图尔特泰勒小争辩说，调查和起诉是不恰当的。 “The people who are called ‘war criminals’ by [Ratner] and others do not think they acted with impunity,” said Taylor, a Brookings Institution fellow and frequent contributor to Newsweek and the National Journal. “谁的人被称为'战争罪犯'的[拉特纳]和其他不认为他们采取行动而不受惩罚， ”泰勒说，一个布鲁金斯学会研究员和频繁的贡献者新闻和全国期刊。 In the July 21 edition of Newsweek, Taylor called for Bush to preemptively pardon any administration official who could be held to account for torture or war crimes.在7月21日出版的新闻周刊，泰勒呼吁布什先发制人赦免任何行政官员谁是追究酷刑罪或战争罪。 Taylor’s rationale was that without fear of prosecution, a full and true account of what he called “dark deeds” could never come to light.泰勒的理由是，不必担心被起诉，全面和真正的到他所谓的“暗行”决不可能被曝光。 Furthermore, at the Georgetown Law event Taylor said investigation and eventual prosecution would “tear the country apart.”此外，在乔治敦法事件泰勒说，调查和起诉最终将“撕裂的国家四分五裂。 ” That may be the thinking of Obama, who, in addition to hints he wouldn’t investigate Bush administration malfeasance, declared his intention to govern as a political reconciliation president in his election victory speech.这也许是思想的奥巴马，谁，除了暗示，他不会调查布什政府渎职，宣布他打算治理作为一项政治和解在他的总统选举中获胜讲话。 In Grant Park in Chicago on Nov. 4, Obama rehashed a quote from slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., but instead of rhetorically bending the “arc of history” toward “justice,” as King did, Obama called for it to be bent “toward the hope of a better day.”在格兰特公园在芝加哥11月4日，奥巴马rehashed引自民权领袖马丁路德金，而是弯曲的言论之弧“历史”走向“正义”的国王没有，奥巴马呼吁它执意“向希望一个更美好的一天。 ” But Ratner said that the country was already divided, and that divide is exactly what a future administration could politically exploit to reinstate torture.但拉特纳说，该国已经分裂，这个鸿沟正是未来的政府可能在政治上利用恢复酷刑。 He said that Obama must close the divide and doing so is not rehashing the past.他说，奥巴马必须关闭鸿沟，这样做是不是重复过去。 “You’re making sure that in the future, we don’t torture again,” Ratner said. “你是确保在未来，我们不会再次酷刑， ”拉特纳说。 “This is not looking backward.” “这不是寻找落后。 ” Another potential problem with investigation and prosecution, says Taylor, is that the Bush administration officials ostensibly had sought to find out whether the methods they were about to approve were justified, and, indeed, they were told they were in the legal clear.另一个潜在的问题进行调查和起诉说，泰勒是，布什政府官员表面上曾试图找出方法是否对他们批准是有道理的，事实上，他们被告知，他们是在法律明确。 “There is no evidence that high-ranking officials acted with criminal intent,” he said. “没有任何证据表明，高层官员采取了犯罪意图， ”他说。 “They were relying in good faith on the advice of legal counsel.” “他们是靠真诚的意见，法律咨询。 ” Taylor said that since the legal advice originated from the Department of Justice, it would be wrong for the same Justice Department to “turn around” and prosecute people for actions that its previous incarnation had explicitly told were legal.泰勒说，由于法律咨询来自司法部，这将是错误的，同样的司法部“转身”和起诉人的行动，其以往的化身已经明确告诉是合法的。 But Taylor’s point misses two issues: that the crimes were allegedly given a legal green light because of collusion with the White House, and that Ratner proposes to investigate those same Justice officials who were involved in giving approval.但是泰勒的观点忽略了两个问题：该罪行被赋予了法律绿灯勾结，因为与白宫，并建议拉特纳调查这些相同的司法部官员谁参与了给予批准。 Despite referring to John Yoo as a “gonzo executive imperialist,” Taylor said that “those officials, like them or not, were honorably motivated” because they were “desperately afraid” of another terrorist attack.尽管提到约翰柳作为“贡扎行政帝国主义， ”泰勒说： “这些官员，希望他们或不被连队动机” ，因为他们是“极其害怕”的另一个恐怖袭击。 Ratner insists that the officials, part of a “group, cabal, or conspiracy,” may be culpable because they were “aiders and abettors.”拉特纳坚持认为，官员，参加了“组，阴谋，或阴谋， ”可能是有罪，因为他们是“协助及教唆非法入境。 ” “[OLC] was not giving independent counsel,” insisted Ratner. “ [法律顾问室]是不会放弃独立的辩护律师， ”坚持拉特纳。 “They were shaping memos to fit a policy that had already been determined.” “他们塑造的备忘录以适应这一政策已经确定。 ” And while Taylor was quick to point out that many US administrations had been accused of war crimes by various sources, Ratner replied that it was the first time that any administration had actually “assaulted the prohibition on torture.”而泰勒很快就指出，许多美国政府已被控犯有战争罪行的各种来源，拉特纳回答说，这是第一次，任何政府实际上已“殴打禁止酷刑。 ” That could be one reason why, if the US does not take care of its own house, Bush administration officials will likely be pursued on charges in Europe and elsewhere.这可能是原因之一，如果美国不照顾自己的房子，布什政府官员可能会采取的罪名在欧洲和其他地方。 In international courts, said Ratner, those officials will not be able to hide behind the legal shields of internal government memos or executive decrees.在国际法庭，拉特纳说，这些官员将无法掩盖的法律盾牌的政府内部备忘录或行政命令。 “They have no defense in international law,” he said. “他们已经没有国防国际法， ”他说。 “They’re finished.” “他们完成。 ” (Inter Press Service) （国际新闻） Have Your Say: No Amnesty for Bush Administration, Say Torture Opponents 你说：任何特赦布什政府表示，反对酷刑 Please read our请仔细阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting张贴在发布前的指导方针 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以讨论这份报告在这里 . 。 Related News 相关新闻
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