约翰·莱顿

互联网内容审查横跨世界增长。 一次勘测由开放净主动性(ONI)横跨41个国家发现那25被应用的内容过滤到块通入到特殊网站。

Web应用程序例如Google地图和Skype并且“在内容以为特色的颠覆”网站阻拦名单。 五年前仅“夫妇”状态根据哈佛法学院的约翰Palfrey，在研究中参与的其中一位研究员行使相似的控制。

“也有在互联网的标度、范围和优雅的增量过滤”，他 知道 BBC。

“少量状态是开放的关于通知他们的公民关于互联网控制。 There’s no place you can get an answer as a citizen from your state about how they are filtering and what is being filtered,” Palfrey said, adding that filtering almost invariable happens “in the shadows”.

The extent of filtering varies between countries, with those in the Middle East among the most restrictive regimes. Burma, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen were among the states applying the heaviest use of the censor’s “blue pencil”. China, India, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand all apply controls, albeit to a lesser extent.

Academics from the Universities of Toronto, Harvard Law School, Oxford, and Cambridge who make up the ONI reckon there are three main rationales for internet censorship: politics and power, state security, and the enforcement of social norms (such as a prohibition of pornography in Muslim states). Censorship nearly always falls across multiple categories. Controls, once applied, are often expanded to cover a broad range of content and used to increase government control of cyberspace.

Use of internet filtering leaves citizens with a restricted view of events unfolding around them, as well as restricting their knowledge of the outside world. The ONI study noted the growing use of techniques and tools used to circumvent filtering.

“It’s hard to quantify how many people are doing this. As we go forward each year we want to see if some of these circumvention technologies become more like appliances and you just plug them in and they work,” said Jonathan Zittrain, professor of internet governance and regulation at Oxford University. ®

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