ジョンライデン

インターネットの内容の検閲は世界を渡って育っている。 41ヶ国を渡る開いた純率先(ONI)による調査はその25加えられた内容を特定のウェブサイトへのブロックのアクセスにろ過することを見つけた。

リストを妨げる内容で特色になる「破壊する」ウェブサイトと同様、Google地図そしてSkypeのようなWebアプリケーション。 5年前に州の「カップルしか」ハーバード法律学校のジョンPalfrey、調査に加わった研究者の1に従って同じような制御に、運動させていなかった。

「またろ過するインターネットのスケール、規模および洗練に増加が」彼ずっとある 言われる BBC。

「少数の州はインターネット制御についての市民を知らせることについて開いている。 There’s no place you can get an answer as a citizen from your state about how they are filtering and what is being filtered,” Palfrey said, adding that filtering almost invariable happens “in the shadows”.

The extent of filtering varies between countries, with those in the Middle East among the most restrictive regimes. Burma, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen were among the states applying the heaviest use of the censor’s “blue pencil”. China, India, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand all apply controls, albeit to a lesser extent.

Academics from the Universities of Toronto, Harvard Law School, Oxford, and Cambridge who make up the ONI reckon there are three main rationales for internet censorship: politics and power, state security, and the enforcement of social norms (such as a prohibition of pornography in Muslim states). Censorship nearly always falls across multiple categories. Controls, once applied, are often expanded to cover a broad range of content and used to increase government control of cyberspace.

Use of internet filtering leaves citizens with a restricted view of events unfolding around them, as well as restricting their knowledge of the outside world. The ONI study noted the growing use of techniques and tools used to circumvent filtering.

“It’s hard to quantify how many people are doing this. As we go forward each year we want to see if some of these circumvention technologies become more like appliances and you just plug them in and they work,” said Jonathan Zittrain, professor of internet governance and regulation at Oxford University. ®

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