Federal judge rules 2 Patriot Act provisions unconstitutional聯邦法官的規則2愛國者法案的規定違憲
A federal court on Wednesday struck down two provisions of the Patriot Act dealing with searches and intelligence gathering, saying they violate the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures with regard to criminal prosecutions.聯邦法院對週三否決兩項規定愛國者法案處理的搜索和情報蒐集，說他們違反了第四修正案保護，對不合理的搜查和扣押方面的刑事檢控。
Brandon Mayfield, left, and public defender Steven Wax tell of the dismissal of the case against Mayfield in 2004. 布蘭登梅菲爾德，左，公設辯護人史蒂芬蠟告訴的解僱案對梅菲爾德在2004年。
“It is critical that we, as a democratic nation, pay close attention to traditional Fourth Amendment principles,” wrote Judge Ann Aiken of the US District Court for the District of Oregon in her 44-page decision. “這是至關重要的，我們作為一個民主國家，狠抓傳統的第四條修正案的原則，寫道： ”法官的人工神經網絡的艾肯的美國地方法院的俄勒岡州在她44頁的決定。 “The Fourth Amendment has served this nation well for 220 years, through many other perils.” “第四修正案已送達這個國家，以及220年來，通過許多其他的危險” 。
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, set up to review wiretap applications in intelligence cases under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, or FISA, “holds that the Constitution need not control the conduct of criminal surveillance in the United States,” Aiken wrote.外國情報監視法院的審查，成立檢討竊聽的申請，在情報案件，根據外國情報監督法案，或參賽指南“ ，認為憲法不必控制進行刑事偵察，在美國， ”艾肯寫道。
“In place of the Fourth Amendment, the people are expected to defer to the executive branch and its representation that it will authorize such surveillance only when appropriate.” “在地方的第四次修訂，人民是預計推遲到行政部門和其代表性，它將授權這種監視，只有在適當的時候” 。
The government “is asking this court to, in essence, amend the Bill of Rights, by giving it an interpretation that would deprive it of any real meaning.政府“的要求，這是法庭，在本質上，修改人權法案，給予它的解釋，會剝奪它的任何實質意義。 The court declines to do so,” Aiken said.法院拒絕這樣做， “艾肯說。
The Justice Department was reviewing the decision, said spokesman Dean Boyd.美國司法部正在審查的決定，發言人說，博伊德。
The ruling was a response to a lawsuit filed against the federal government by Brandon Mayfield, a Portland, Oregon, attorney who was wrongly arrested for alleged involvement in the 2004 Madrid train bombings.這一裁定是一個回應訴訟反對聯邦政府由布蘭登梅菲爾德，俄勒岡州的波特蘭，律政司誰是錯誤被捕，被指控參與2004年馬德里火車爆炸事件。
The federal government later apologized to Mayfield and settled part of Mayfield’s lawsuit for $2 million.聯邦政府後來道歉，梅菲爾德和解決的一部分，梅菲爾德的訴訟為200萬美元。 But Mayfield was permitted to keep pursuing the portions of his lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the Patriot Act.但梅菲爾德被允許繼續追求的部分，他的訴訟挑戰的合憲性愛國者法案。
Mayfield claimed in the suit that his home and law offices were secretly broken into by the FBI, his clients’ files at his office were searched, his business and personal computers were secretly copied, his telephone was wiretapped and his home was bugged.梅菲爾德聲稱在訴狀中指出，他家律師事務所被秘密闖入由聯邦調查局，他的客戶的文件在其辦公室被搜查，他的生意和個人電腦被秘密複製，他的電話被竊聽和他的家被竊聽。
Mayfield said he was “excited and happy” with the ruling.梅菲爾德說，他“感到興奮和高興”與裁決。
“This, to me, is not so much personal,” he said. “這對我來說，是沒有這麼多的個人， ”他說。 “I think it’s just the right thing to do. “我認為，這只是我們的權利的事。 It was the right thing to continue to challenge the constitutionality of the Patriot Act.”這是正確的事繼續挑戰的合憲性愛國者法案“ 。
“This is an example of the judicial branch doing what it should do, and that’s to be a check and balance for the legislative and executive branch of government,” he said. “這是一個例子，司法部門這樣做應該怎樣做，這是一個檢查和平衡的立法和政府行政部門的， ”他說。 “I feel wonderful today, because the Fourth Amendment has been restored to its rightful place, and the balance between liberty and security is balanced again.” “我覺得美好的今天，因為第四修正案已恢復到其應有的地位，以及兩者之間取得平衡自由和安全是平衡的再次” 。
Mayfield’s attorneys — Gerry Spence, Elden Rosenthal and Michelle Longer Eder — lauded the ruling.梅菲爾德的律師-格里斯彭斯， e lden羅森塔爾和M ichelle較長e der-讚揚裁決。
“Judge Aiken, in striking down the challenged provisions of the Patriot Act, has upheld both the tradition of judicial independence and our nation’s most cherished principle of the right to be secure in one’s own home,” they said in a written statement. “法官艾肯，在打擊下來，質疑的規定愛國者法案，堅持雙方的傳統，司法獨立和我們民族的最珍視的原則，有權獲得安全在自己的家裡， ”他們說，在一份書面陳述。 “We are relieved that the Bill of Rights can be honored and preserved even in times of perceived crisis.” “我們寬慰的是，人權法案可以榮幸和保存，即使在時代的知覺危機” 。
Aiken ruled that FISA, as amended by the Patriot Act, permits the government to conduct surveillance and searches targeting Americans without satisfying the probable-cause standard in the Fourth Amendment.艾肯裁定，參賽指南，經愛國者法案，允許政府進行監視和搜索目標的美國人沒有滿足的可能-事業的標準，在第四次修正案。
“Prior to the amendments [to FISA], the three branches of government operated with thoughtful and deliberate checks and balances — a principle upon which our nation was founded,” Aiken wrote. “之前的修訂[參賽指南] ，政府三個部門的運作與周到的和蓄意的制衡-一個原則後，我們的國家成立後， ”艾肯寫道。
But the Patriot Act, she said, eliminated “the constitutionally required interplay between executive action, judicial decision and Congressional enactment.”但愛國者法案，她說，消除“憲法規定之間的相互作用，執行行動，司法決定和國會制定” 。
“For over 200 years, this nation has adhered to the rule of law — with unparalleled success. “為超過200年，這個國家堅持以法治-無與倫比的成功。 A shift to a nation based on extra-constitutional authority is prohibited, as well as ill-advised,” she wrote.轉向一個民族的基礎上課外憲法權威，是禁止的，以及虐待忠告， “她寫道。
Aiken noted that FISA does not require that the subject of a search be notified, although the Fourth Amendment ordinarily does.艾肯指出，參賽指南並不要求主題搜索通知，雖然第四修正案通常是否。 In addition, she said, the Fourth Amendment requires particularity — authorities seeking a search warrant, for example, must list what they are looking for and where they are looking for it.此外，她說，第四修正案要求的特殊性-當局尋求搜查令，舉例來說，必須列出什麼他們正在尋找的，而他們正在尋找它。
Named to the bench in 1997 by President Clinton, Aiken is considered one of the more liberal judges on the federal bench in Oregon.命名為法官在1997年由克林頓總統，艾肯被認為是一個比較自由的法官對聯邦法官在俄勒岡州。
See More: 看到更多的： USA News 美國新聞Have Your Say: Federal judge rules 2 Patriot Act provisions unconstitutional 你說：聯邦法官的規則2愛國者法案的規定違憲
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