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  | Translate: 翻译：               Court Backs Warrantless Searches Abroad法院支持无证搜查国外 Tuesday, November 25th, 2008 星期二， 08年11月25日
By通过 BENJAMIN WEISER 本杰明韦泽 | The authorities may lawfully conduct searches and electronic surveillance against United States citizens in foreign countries without a warrant, a federal appeals court panel said on Monday, bolstering the government’s power to investigate terrorism by ruling that a key constitutional protection afforded to Americans does not apply overseas. |当局可依法进行搜查和电子监视针对美国公民在外国无逮捕证，联邦上诉法院裁决周一表示，支持政府的力量进行调查恐怖主义的裁决，一个关键的宪法保护的美国人没有并不适用于海外。 The unanimous decision by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, in Manhattan, came in the case of three一致决定由3名法官组成的小组，美国上诉法院第二巡回区，在曼哈顿，是在三个案件 Al Qaeda 基地组织 terrorists convicted a few months before 9/11 in a conspiracy that involved the 1998 bombings of two American embassies in East Africa.恐怖分子被定罪的前几个月9 / 11的阴谋，涉及1998年的爆炸案两名美国驻东非。 The court did not address the question of whether the government could conduct warrantless wiretaps of international calls involving people in the United States, an issue that drove a wedge between the Bush administration and Congress.该法院并没有解决问题的政府是否可以进行监听窃听国际电话，涉及的人在美国，这个问题将离间布什政府和国会。 But the ruling did give footing to those who say that terrorism suspects can be successfully and effectively prosecuted in civilian courts.但是，执政党的地位没有给予那些谁说，恐怖嫌疑人可以得到成功和有效的起诉在民事法院。 The warrantless searches must still be reasonable, as the Constitution requires, Judge José A. Cabranes wrote for the panel, adding that the government had met that standard in the case of one defendant, Wadih el-Hage, a close aide to对无证搜查仍然必须是合理的，因为宪法规定，法官若写字母a. Cabranes的小组补充说，政府已经达到了这一标准的情况下一名被告， Wadih埃及哈格，一个亲密助手 Osama bin Laden 乌萨马本拉丹 and a naturalized American citizen who was living in Nairobi, Kenya.和美国公民入籍谁是生活在肯尼亚的内罗毕。 The government searched his home and monitored his phone conversations.政府搜查了他的家和监控他的电话交谈。 “The Fourth Amendment’s requirement of reasonableness — but not the Warrant Clause — applies to extraterritorial searches and seizures of US citizens,” the judge wrote. “第四修正案的要求合理-但不是权证条款-域外适用的搜查和扣押的美国公民，”法官写道。 Mr. el-Hage and two other defendants had appealed their convictions for conspiring with Mr. bin Laden in a plot to kill Americans around the world.先生，哈格和另外两名被告曾呼吁自己的信念阴谋与本拉丹先生阴谋杀害美国人在世界各地。 The conspiracy included the 1998 bombings of the United States Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, which killed 224 people and wounded thousands.阴谋包括1998年炸毁美国驻肯尼亚内罗毕和坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆，造成224人死亡数千人。 While noting that Mr. el-Hage “suffered, while abroad, a significant invasion of privacy by virtue of the government’s yearlong surveillance of his telephonic communications,” the panel offered a detailed analysis of why the search was reasonable under the Constitution, given the “self-evident need to investigate threats to national security” that foreign terrorist organizations presented.同时指出，先生，哈格“因，而在国外，一个重要的侵犯隐私权，由于政府长年监视他的电话通信” ，该小组提出了详细的分析，为什么搜索是合理的根据宪法，鉴于“不言自明的需要调查对国家安全的威胁”外国恐怖组织提出的。 The panel said the electronic surveillance was justified — and reasonable — for a number of reasons, including that “sustained and intense monitoring” was necessary to understand a “complex, wide-ranging and decentralized” organization like Al Qaeda; and that members of covert terrorist organizations often communicated in code.该小组说，电子监视是正当的-合理的-有许多原因，其中包括“持续和激烈的监测”，必须理解“复杂，广泛和分散”组织像基地组织和成员的秘密恐怖组织经常通报代码。 “While the intrusion on el-Hage’s privacy was great, the need for the government to so intrude was even greater,” Judge Cabranes wrote. “虽然对入侵埃及哈格的隐私，是伟大的，需要政府，以便侵入甚至更大， ”法官Cabranes写道。 “This is going to be a very important precedent that intelligence agencies are going to look at, that the new Obama administration is going to look at,” Orin S. Kerr, a law professor at “这将是一个非常重要的先例，情报机构要看看，新的奥巴马政府要考虑， ”奥林美国科尔，法学教授 George Washington University 乔治华盛顿大学 , said on Monday.周一表示。 “These issues are critical, and the courts rarely rule on them.” “这些问题是至关重要的，法院很少对这些规则。 ” The panel also made it easier for prosecutors to protect sensitive information in terrorism cases by holding that judges may bar defendants from having access to classified materials that their lawyers may otherwise examine, if there is concern that unauthorized disclosures of information could jeopardize lives or investigations.该小组还可以更容易为检察官，以保护敏感信息的恐怖主义活动案件的法官认为被告律师可能无法取得机密材料，他们的律师可能另有审查，如果有令人担忧的是未经授权的披露的信息可能会危及生命或调查。 The panel declined to declare, as a lower court judge had, that Miranda warnings were required in overseas interrogations of foreign suspects, but it said that a modified version of the warnings, adapted to local circumstances, could be acceptable.该小组宣布拒绝，作为一个下级法院的法官，这米兰达警告，要求在海外的外国审讯嫌疑人，但它说，修改后的版本的警告，以适应当地的情况，是可以接受的。 “It is only through the cooperation of local authorities that US agents obtain access to foreign detainees,” Judge Cabranes wrote. “这是只有通过合作，地方当局说，美国特工获得的外国囚犯， ”法官Cabranes写道。 “We have no desire to strain that spirit of cooperation by compelling US agents to press foreign governments for the provision of legal rights not recognized by their criminal justice systems.” “我们不希望株的合作精神，迫使美国特工新闻界外国政府提供的法律权利不承认其刑事司法系统。 ” Michael J. Garcia 迈克尔J.加西亚 , the United States attorney in Manhattan and one of the prosecutors who participated in the embassy case, called the decision “one further measure of justice for the victims of those attacks.”美国的律师在曼哈顿和一名检察官谁参加了大使馆情况下，所谓的决定“一个进一步的措施，为受害者伸张正义的人的攻击。 ” Defense lawyers said that they were disappointed in the ruling, and would appeal.辩护律师说，他们感到失望的裁决，将继续上诉。 “We believe these issues are important enough to deserve “我们相信，这些问题都重要，足以值得 Supreme Court 最高法院 review,” said Frederick H. Cohn, whose client,检讨说， “弗雷德阁下科恩，其客户端， Mohamed Rashed Daoud al-’Owhali 拉希德穆罕默德达乌德基地， 'Owhali , was convicted in the Nairobi attack.被判有罪，在内罗毕攻击。 Joshua L. Dratel, a lawyer for Mr. el-Hage, said that the appellate decision “would seem to say that the government’s invocation of national security can trump a United States citizen’s constitutional rights across the board.”乔舒亚研究Dratel的律师先生，哈格说，上诉的决定“ ，似乎说，政府援引国家安全可以胜过美国公民的宪法权利在董事会。 ” The embassy case was the last of the large terrorism trials held in the United States before the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.美国大使馆案件最后的大审判恐怖主义在美国举行之前， 9月11日， 2001年，攻击。 Since then, there has been a national debate over whether people accused of terrorism should be treated as criminals and tried in the federal courts, or held as enemy combatants to be tried, if at all, before military tribunals, where defendants have fewer rights and there is less public disclosure.自那时以来，一直是国家争论的人指控犯有恐怖主义罪行应被视为罪犯，并试图在联邦法院，或作为敌方战斗人员进行审判，如果在所有之前，军事法庭，在被告有较少的权利和有公开披露较少。 David D. Cole, a law professor at大卫科尔，法学教授 Georgetown University 美国乔治敦大学 , said the ruling underscored “that we don’t need a specialized national security court; that we don’t need to depart from the traditional criminal justice system approach for prosecuting terrorists.”说，执政党强调“我们不需要一个专门的国家安全法院; ，我们不需要背离传统的刑事司法系统的做法，起诉恐怖分子。 ” The decision, which was joined by Judges这一决定，这是一起法官 Jon O. Newman 乔恩岛纽曼 and Wilfred Feinberg, was divided into three separate opinions, which totaled 178 pages.和威尔弗雷德范伯格，分为三个不同的意见，共178页。 “This criminal case presents issues of great importance, many of which are complex and novel,” Judge Cabranes wrote, observing that the case had been in the courts for a decade. “这刑事案件提出了非常重要的问题，其中有许多是复杂和小说， ”法官Cabranes写道，指出，该案已在法院的十年。 The panel also praised Judge该小组还赞扬法官 Leonard B. Sand 伦纳德湾沙滩 , who handled the trial, and Judge Kevin Thomas Duffy, who handled later proceedings, for their care, patience and fairness. ，谁处理审判中，法官和凯文托马斯达菲，谁后处理程序，对他们的照顾，耐心和公平性。 The third defendant whose conviction was affirmed was第三被告被定罪，他们肯定是 Mohammed Saddiq Odeh 穆罕默德Saddiq德赫 . 。 A fourth defendant,第四名被告， Khalfan Khamis Mohamed 哈勒凡穆罕默德哈米斯 , did not appeal his conviction.没有呼吁他的信念。 All four men are serving life sentences in the so-called Super Max prison in Florence, Colo.所有四名男子服无期徒刑所谓的超级最大的监狱在佛罗伦萨，科罗拉多州 Have Your Say: Court Backs Warrantless Searches Abroad 你说：法院的支持无证搜查国外 Please read our请仔细阅读我们的 posting guidelines before posting张贴在发布前的指导方针 . 。 Alternatively或者 you can discuss this report here你可以讨论这份报告在这里 . 。 Related News 相关新闻
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