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Counterterrorist Data Mining Needs Privacy Protection反恐需要數據挖掘隱私保護

Tuesday, October 14th, 2008 星期二, 2008年10月14日
A National Research Council report represents an attempt to address privacy concerns that have dogged past counterterrorist data mining programs like Total Information Awareness.全國研究理事會的報告,是企圖以解決隱私問題已困擾過去反恐數據挖掘程序,共計信息意識。
In a sweeping new report that examines the balance between security and privacy, 在席捲新的報告,審查之間的平衡安全和隱私, The National Research Council (NRC)國家研究理事會(核管理委員會) recommends that the US government rethink its approach to counterterrorism in light of the privacy risks posed by unchecked data mining and behavioral surveillance.The NRC report, “Protecting Individual Privacy In The Struggle Against Terrorists,” is the culmination of three years of discussions and research aimed at providing the government with a framework for thinking about existing and future information-based counterterrorism programs.建議美國政府重新考慮其做法鑑於反恐的隱私所造成的風險選中數據挖掘和行為surveillance.The核管理委員會的報告, “保護個人隱私的鬥爭中,恐怖分子” ,結果是三年的討論和研究旨在為政府提供了一個框架思考現有的和未來的信息為基礎的反恐計劃。 Former US Secretary of Defense William Perry co-chaired the study committee.美國前國防部長佩里共同主持的研究委員會。

The proposed framework represents an attempt to address privacy concerns that have dogged past counterterrorist data mining programs like Total Information Awareness.擬議的框架,是企圖以解決隱私問題已困擾過去反恐數據挖掘程序,共計信息意識。

The report acknowledges the utility of a variety of technologies in the context of security, but cautions that counterterrorism programs need to be operated lawfully, with oversight, and with some recognition of the limits of technology.報告承認的效用了各種技術方面的安全,但警告說,反恐計劃需要合法經營,監督,和一些認識的局限性的技術。

Automated terrorist identification, the report says, “is neither feasible as an objective nor desirable as a goal of technology development efforts.”自動恐怖查明,該報告說, “既不可行,作為一種客觀可取的,也不作為一個目標,技術發展的努力。 ”

“To address [the threat of terrorism], new technologies have been created and are creating dramatic new ways to observe and identify people, keep track of their location, and perhaps even deduce things about their thoughts and behaviors,” the report says. “為了解決[恐怖主義的威脅] ,新技術已經建立和正在創造巨大的新方法來觀察和鑑定人,記錄他們的位置,甚至推斷出事情的思想和行為, ”該報告說。 “The task for policy makers now is to determine who should have access to these new data and capabilities and for what purposes they should be used. “任務為決策者現在是決定誰應該獲得這些新的數據和能力,並為何種目的,他們應該使用。 These new technologies, coupled with the unprecedented nature of the threat, are likely to bring great pressure to apply these technologies and measures, some of which might intrude on the fundamental rights of US citizens.”這些新技術,再加上空前的性質的威脅,有可能帶來巨大的壓力,適用這些技術和措施,其中一些可能侵入的基本權利的美國公民。 “

Privacy is one such fundamental right, and the report finds that current government policy doesn’t respect that right sufficiently.隱私就是這樣的一個基本權利,該報告認為,目前政府的政策不尊重這一權利的充分。

“The current policy regime does not adequately address violations of privacy that arise from information-based programs using advanced analytical techniques, such as state-of-the-art data mining and record linkage,” the report states. “目前的政策制度並沒有充分解決侵犯隱私而產生的信息為基礎的計劃利用先進的分析技術,如國家最先進的數據挖掘和記錄的聯繫, ”報告指出。

Data mining techniques may have proven value in a commercial context, but the report warns that identifying terrorists this way is less reliable and prone to error.數據挖掘技術可以證明價值在商業方面,但報告警告說,恐怖分子確定這種方式是不可靠和容易出錯。

“One might argue that the consequences of a false negative (a terrorist plan is not detected and many people die) are in some sense much larger than the consequences of a false positive (an innocent person loses privacy or is detained),” the report says. “人們可能認為的後果假陰性(恐怖分子的計劃是沒有發現,許多人死亡)在某種意義上遠遠大於後果的假陽性(是一個無辜的人失去隱私或扣留) , ”報告說。 “For this reason, many decision makers assert that it is better to be safe than sorry. “出於這個原因,許多決策者斷言,它是更好的安全比抱歉。 But this argument is fallacious.但這種論點是荒謬的。 There is no reason to expect that false negatives and false positives trade off against one another in a one-for-one manner.”我們沒有理由期望,假否定和誤報權衡對彼此在一對一的方式。 “

The report recommends that the government be particularly careful when using behavioral surveillance to predict dangerous intent.該報告建議,政府應特別小心,當使用行為監測預測危險的意圖。 There’s no scientific consensus about whether such technology — brain scanning, for example — actually works, says the report.沒有科學共識是否這種技術-腦掃描,例如-實際工作,報告說。

“[P]lacing people under suspicion because of their associations and intellectual explorations is a step toward abhorrent government behavior, such as guilt by association and thought crime,” the report says. “ [ P ]花邊的人受到懷疑,因為他們協會和智力的探索是第一步可惡的政府行為,如內疚的結社和思想犯罪, ”報告說。 “This does not mean that government authorities should be categorically proscribed from examining indicators of intent under all circumstances — only that special precautions should be taken when such examination is deemed necessary.” “這並不意味著政府部門應堅決禁止從檢查指標的意圖在所有情況下-只有特別的預防措施時應採取這種檢查是必要的。 ”

The report presents two major recommendations.報告提出了兩個主要建議。 It argues that the US government should follow a framework, such as the one proposed in the report, to evaluate the effectiveness, lawfulness, and consistency with US values of every information-based program for counterterrorism.它認為,美國政府應當遵循一個框架,如報告中提出,評價的有效性,合法性,並符合美國價值觀的每一個以信息為基礎的反恐計劃。 And it calls for a periodic review of laws and policies related to privacy in light of changing technologies and circumstances.並要求定期審查的法律和政策的有關隱私權根據不斷變化的技術和情況。

The NRC plans to discuss its findings in a one-hour public briefing at 12:30 pm EDT today at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC A live audio Webcast should be available at the核管理委員會的計劃,討論其結果在一個小時的公開發布會上美國東部時間下午12:30今天在美國國家科學院在華盛頓特區的現場音頻直播應可在 National Academies國家科學院 site.網站。


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