As the handbook starts, issues around privacy include surveillance of the activities of staff, consumers and citizens, monitoring and recording of individual’s electronic communications and their electronic access to information, and the acquisition of biometrics, body fluids and body tissue.由於手冊打響後，周圍的問題，隱私包括監視該活動的工作人員，消費者和公民，監測和記錄個人的電子通信和電子手段獲取信息，並添置了生物識別技術，體液及體組織。 Hence, as the handbook carries on, the law: the Data Protection Act (DPA).因此，該手冊進行，法律：個人資料保護法（政治部） 。 But the ICO makes the case for a PIA as a way to anticipate risk - including ‘competitive manoeuvres by other corporations, natural disasters, environmental contamination, cyber-attacks, and the risk of embarrassment’.但保險公司條例，使案件為軟腦膜，以此來預測風險-包括競爭花招由其他公司，自然災害，環境的污染，網絡攻擊，以及風險的尷尬' 。 Certainly the Government has been embarrassed by loss of data.當然，政府一直尷尬數據的丟失。 Commenting in late December on the loss of 6,500 people’s data by HM Revenue and Customs in Cardiff after a data cartridge from a pension firm went missing, Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Philip Hammond, said: “Another day, another data disaster.評論在12月下旬就損失了6500人的數據，由國稅局和海關在加的夫後，數據磁帶從退休金堅定失踪後，影子布政司庫，菲利普哈蒙德說： "又一天，又一項數據災難。 First we had the lost child benefit CDs, then three million learner drivers’ details go missing in America, and now this.”首先，我們有走失兒童受惠鐳射唱片，然後三百萬學習駕駛詳情不明，在美國，現在，這一" 。

What to keep in mind during such an assessment is, by the ICO’s definition, sweeping, including CCTV, the Human Rights Act, and the The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, and the British Standard for information security management, BS 7799, besides the DPA.哪些必須牢記於心，在這樣的評估是，由保險公司條例的定義，籠統，包括中央電視台，人權法，以及規管調查權力法案， 2000年，英國標準，為信息安全管理，學士7799 ，除了政治部。 The ICO does have a history of gunning for the likes of private investigators for seeking personal data, in a couple of reports titled What Price Privacy in the last couple of years, although as investigators point out, their clients are for example chasing debtors or checking dubious insurance claims.保險公司條例確有歷史的球場上，為喜歡的私人調查，為求個人的資料，在一對夫婦的報告題目是什麼價位的隱私，在過去數年，雖然調查人員指出，他們的客戶都是例如追逐債務人或者檢查可疑的保險理賠。 The handbook claims that such assessment are mainstream in Canada, the USA and Australia.該手冊稱，這種評估是主流，在加拿大，美國和澳大利亞。 In any case it is questionable what good more assessing will do for the 11 banks and the Immigration Advisory Service that, as the ICO reported last year after a media outcry, discarded personal information in waste bins outside their premises.在任何情況下，這是值得商榷的，又有什麼好處更多評估會，為11個銀行及移民諮詢服務，作為保險公司條例去年舉報後，媒體一片嘩然，被丟棄的個人資料在廢物回收箱，在其處所外面。

The handbook decribes privacy of personal behaviour as the observation of what individuals do, and includes such issues and optical surveillance and ‘media privacy’.該手冊描述的個人隱私的行為作為觀察什麼個人做的，包括這些問題和光學偵察和媒體隱私權' 。 Much data may be sensitive, such as sexual preferences and habits, political activities and religious practices.許多資料可能被敏感的，如性的喜好和習慣，政治活動和宗教習俗。 But, the handbook goes on, the notion of ‘private space’ is vital to all aspects of behaviour, is relevant in ‘private places’ such as the home and toilet cubicle, and is also relevant in ‘public places’, where casual observation by the few people in the vicinity is very different from systematic observation, the recording or transmission of images and sounds.不過，在手冊的推移，這一概念的'私人空間'是非常重要的各方面的行為，是有關在私人地方' ，如民政和衛生間的房間，亦是相關的'公共場所' ，如隨便觀察由幾個人在附近，是很不同的系統觀測，記錄或傳輸的圖像和聲音。

Threats to privacy of personal communications include mail ‘covers’, the use of directional microphones and ‘bugs’ with or without recording apparatus and telephonic interception and recording.威脅個人隱私，通訊包括郵件'涵蓋了' ，使用定向麥克風和'錯誤'或無錄音器具及電話竊聽和錄音。 In recent years, concerns have arisen about third-party access to email-messages.近年來，關注出現約三黨獲得的電子郵件訊息。 Individuals generally desire the freedom to communicate among themselves, using various media, without routine monitoring of their communications by other persons or organisations.個人普遍渴望自由溝通，彼此相互合作，利用各種媒介，如果沒有例行監測自己的信息通報其他人士或機構。

And not least there is privacy of the person, which according to the handbook relates to personal safety - implying the scenario of an employer letting a worker’s former partner have personal info which makes possible an attack.而不是至少有隱私的人，而根據該手冊涉及人身安全-暗示的情況下，雇主讓一個工人的前合夥人有個人信息，使可能的攻擊。

The document points the finger at CCTV and other security measures as privacy-invasive technologies (PITs): “Many technology applications gather data, collate data, apply data, or otherwise assist in the surveillance of people and their behaviour (the “PITs”).該文件指出了手指，在中央電視台和其他安全措施，因為隱私微創技術（窖）說： "許多技術應用收集數據，整理資料，運用資料，或以其他方式協助在監視人民和他們的行為（下稱"坑" ） 。 Among the host of examples are surveillance technologies (such as CCTV), data-trail generation (such as keystroke monitoring) and identification through the denial of anonymity (eg, telephone caller ID, loyalty cards and intelligent transport systems), data warehousing and data mining, and the use of biometric information.除東道國的例子是偵察技術（如中央電視台） ，數據步道代（如擊鍵監控） ，並通過鑑定拒絕透露姓名的（例如，電話主叫號碼，忠誠卡和智能交通運輸系統） ，數據倉庫和數據採礦業，並運用生物信息。 In an internet context, there is considerable concern about the various types of malware, including viruses, worms, trojans, keystroke-loggers, ’spyware’ and ‘phishing’.” Here the handbook suggests privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) such as computer firewalls, and advice against malware.在互聯網背景下，有相當多的關注，各種類型的惡意代碼，包括病毒，蠕蟲，特洛伊木馬程序，擊鍵記錄器， '間諜軟件'和'釣魚' " ，而這裡的手冊顯示，隱私權增強技術（寵物） ，例如電腦防火牆和指教，對惡意軟件。

What would a PIA look like?什麼會在軟腦膜樣子的？ According to the handbook, the ‘benefits to an organisation of conducting a PIA arise more from the process than the product’.根據該手冊，福利，對於一個組織進行軟腦膜出現更多的從過程中，比產品' 。 Or, putting it more wordily: “The important thing about PIAs is the process of undertaking the assessment where the organisation considers the impact on privacy and whether there are more privacy friendly alternatives.”或者，把它更多wordily ： "最重要的一件事是影響評估過程中的承諾，評估那裡的組織認為，對隱私以及是否有更多隱私的替代品" 。

The ICO does say it’s not the law to do a PIA, but adds that it’s ‘eager to encourage use’.保險公司條例是否說，這並不是法律上做軟腦膜，但補充說，它的'渴望，以鼓勵使用' 。

The ICO quotes also a report last year from civil liberties body Liberty.保險公司條例行情也是在去年的報告中，由公民自由團體的自由。 Briefly, the report called for an overhaul of privacy protection.簡單來說，該報告呼籲整頓隱私權保護。 Liberty’s Policy Director and principal author of the report, Gareth Crossman, said: “In times of heightened insecurity we quite rightly compromise some of our privacy for public protection, but if we don’t pause for thought right now, our children will grow up without any sense of the value of privacy.” Among other things the report was critical of CCTV describing it as ‘not a proven crime deterrent’ and ‘poorly regulated’.自由的政策總監及首席該報告的作者之一，加雷思crossman ，說： "在時代的高度不安全感，我們理所當然的妥協，我們的一些隱私，為公眾保護，但如果我們不能停下來思考，現在，我們的孩子長大了，沒有任何意義上的價值隱私" ，除其他事項外，報告批評中央電視台稱它是'沒有證明犯罪的威懾'和'管理不善' 。 The report claimed that ‘the DPA fails to provide an effective enforcement tool’ and called for new regulation.該報告稱， '和平協議未能提供有效的執法工具' ，並呼籲採取新的規例。 Liberty quotes a YouGov poll that found a majority of people agreed that the UK has become a surveillance society.自由行情YouGov的民調，民調顯示，大多數人一致認為，英國已成為一個監視社會。 In the detail of the report, however, the authors were not able to point to any public distrust of public space CCTV, falling back on the claim that the public are not informed.在詳細的報告，但是，作者並不能夠指出任何公眾信任的公共空間，中央電視台，回落就聲稱公眾並不了解。

You can download a copy of the PIA at the ICO website; and you can download a copy of the 137-page Liberty report at www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk:你可以下載一份拷貝的軟腦膜在保險公司條例網站;你可以隨心所欲地下載一份137頁的報告人身自由在www.liberty -人類- rights.org.uk ：