Birth of the biometric age的誕生，生物年齡
What was science fiction five years ago is now science fact 什麼是科幻小說，五年前是現在的科學事實
DON BUTLER唐巴特勒
CanWest News Service 雷格斯外灘中心新聞服務
The 2002 film Minority Report depicts a society that keeps tabs on its citizens by scanning their irises when they exit subway cars or enter buildings. 2002年電影少數民族的報告描繪了一個社會的不斷的標籤，就其公民通過掃描他們的虹膜當他們離開地鐵車或進入建築物。 The same technology verifies the identity of those authorized to enter restricted areas.同樣的技術驗證者的身份授權進入禁區。
At the time the Steven Spielberg film was released, the biometric world it depicted seemed far off.在當時的大導演史蒂芬史匹柏的電影被釋放，生物世界，它描述似乎已為期不遠了。 But systems that rely on biometric samples of fingerprints or iris and facial scans to establish identity have become so ubiquitous some suggest we’re witnessing the birth of the biometric state.但系統依賴於生物識別的樣本，指紋或虹膜和面部掃描，以確定身份，已成為無處不在，所以有些人建議我們正在目睹的誕生，生物狀態。
Around the world, biometric identifiers are used at airports and border crossings in machine-readable documents such as passports and driver’s licences.世界各地的生物特徵識別是用在機場和邊界過境點在電腦可讀的文件，如護照和駕駛執照。 Police and security services rely on digitized databanks of fingerprints in watch lists and companies access them for background checks on prospective employees.警察和保安服務依賴於數字化數據庫的指紋在觀賞名單和公司進入他們的背景檢查，對未來的員工。
Increasingly, people are required to present a biometric to enter buildings, access a laptop or database, check out a library book or claim a meal.越來越多的人，須出示生物進入建築物，獲得一台筆記本電腦或資料庫，檢查了圖書或索賠一餐。
Whether all this is good or bad is the subject of intense debate.是否所有，這是好的或壞的是主題了激烈的辯論。
Those most fearful of biometric technologies warn they are accelerating the trend toward a surveillance society that gained momentum after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.那些最可怕的生物技術的警告，他們正在加快走向監視社會的勢頭之後， 9 / 11恐怖襲擊。
Advocates respond that biometrics will enhance security, help governments deliver improved services more efficiently and make it easier for citizens to navigate the online world of e-commerce and e-government.主張回應說，生物識別將加強保安，幫助各國政府提供更好的服務更有效率和更容易為公民瀏覽網上世界電子商貿和電子政府。
Some, such as Ann Cavoukian, Ontario’s information and privacy commissioner, argue emerging biometric encryption technology offers the best of both worlds.一些，如人工神經網絡cavoukian ，安大略省的信息和資料私隱專員，辯稱新興的生物特徵的加密技術，提供了最好的兩個世界。
“There are very reasonable ways to protect privacy and security at the same time,” she says. “有非常合理的方法來保護隱私和安全在同一時間內， ”她說。
What’s clear is the biometric genie is fully out of the bottle.有什麼明確的是，生物精靈是完全出於對瓶。 Decisions being taken now by governments in Canada and around the world will determine whether biometrics usher in the Big Brother societies that civil libertarians fear or broker a new age of enhanced security and privacy.決定採取現在各國政府在加拿大和世界各地將決定是否迎接生物識別技術，在大哥哥的社會，公民自由的恐懼或經紀一個新時代的增強的安全性和隱私。
The United States, spurred on by the 9/11 attacks, is a leading user of biometric systems.美國，帶動對由9 / 11的攻擊，是一家領先的生物識別用戶的系統。 The FBI’s Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), an automated 10-fingerprint matching system that became operational in 1999, is the world’s largest biometric database, with more than 47-million subjects on file.美國聯邦調查局的綜合自動指紋識別系統（ iafis ） ，自動化10 -指紋匹配系統，成為業務在1999年，是世界上最大的生物識別數據庫，與以上47萬元科目的文件。
Finger scans 手指掃描
Last August, the US began issuing passports containing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chips encoded with biometric and biographical information.去年8月，美國開始簽發護照載有無線電頻率識別（ RFID ）芯片的編碼與生物特徵及履歷資料。 As well the US-VISIT program, launched in 2004, uses digital finger scans and photographs to screen selected foreign nationals against watch lists.以及美訪問的計劃，在2004年推出的，使用數字指紋掃描和照片屏幕上選定的外國國民對監視名單。
While Canada remains one of the few industrialized nations not actively considering a national ID card, governments here have not hesitated to incorporate biometrics in a range of uses.雖然加拿大仍然是其中的幾個工業化國家並沒有積極考慮一個國家的身份證，各國政府在這裡毫不遲疑地把生物識別技術在各種用途。 To underline their growing centrality to government, a 70-member “biometrics working group” drawn from 22 federal departments and agencies has met regularly since May of 2006 to assess and co-ordinate initiatives.要強調其日益增長的中心地位，以政府，一個70人組成的“生物特徵識別工作組”制定的由22個聯邦部門和機構已定期舉行會議， 5月以來， 2006年，以評估，並且統籌的倡議。
The biometric initiative with the greatest potential impact on Canadians involves passports.生物主動與最大的潛在影響加拿大人涉及護照。 It’s being driven by the US Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative and shaped by passport standards developed by the Montreal-based International Civil Aviation Organization.它的驅使美國西半球旅行的倡議和形成的護照制定的標準是由總部設在蒙特利爾的國際民用航空組織。 Under the new American policy, Canadians will soon need passports or other secure travel documents to enter the United States.根據美國的新政策，加拿大人不久將需要護照或其他安全的旅行證件進入美國。
For its part, the organization has selected facial features as the primary and universal form of biometric identification in RFID-equipped passports, meaning e-passports containing biometrics will almost certainly become the only acceptable document for international travel.它的一部分，該組織已選定的面部特徵作為主要的和普遍形式的生物識別的RFID裝備精良的護照，這意味著電子護照含生物識別技術幾乎肯定會成為唯一可以接受的文件，為國際旅行社。
More recently, governments have shifted to other rationales for biometrics, including international obligations, more efficient access to government services, controlling voter fraud, better immigration and border control, and even enhanced citizen control and autonomy.最近，政府已轉移到其他的理由生物識別技術，包括國際義務，更有效地獲取政府服務，控制選民欺詐行為，更好地移民和邊界管制，甚至強化公民的控制和自主性。
Civil libertarians, privacy advocates and other critics remain unconvinced its putative benefits outweigh its costs.公民自由，隱私倡導者和其他批評者仍然不其假定的好處大於它的成本。
Their greatest fear is biometrics could be used to undermine or even obliterate privacy.他們最大的恐懼是生物識別技術可以被用來破壞，甚至抹殺的隱私。
Without adequate safeguards, Cavoukian says, biometric systems “would enable data linkage in multiple separate databases that all contain the same key, which would be the biometric.如果沒有足夠的保障， cavoukian說，生物識別系統“將使數據的聯繫，在多個單獨的數據庫，所有含有相同的關鍵，這將是生物特徵。 You would be able to engage in endless secondary uses of the information.”你將能夠進行無休止的二次利用的信息“ 。
This would allow governments or corporations to develop extensive profiles of every citizen in the databases.這將使各國政府或公司的發展廣泛的概況每一位公民的數據庫。
“That’s the fundamental fear from a privacy perspective,” says Cavoukian, “the possibility of rampant tracking of one’s activities. “這就是根本的恐懼從隱私權的角度來看，說： ” cavoukian “的可能性日益猖獗的跟踪一的活動。 Ultimately, it will leave no door unopened.”最終，它將不留大門開啟的“ 。
See More: 看到更多的： Big Brother 大哥哥Have Your Say: Birth of the biometric age 你說：出生的生物年齡
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This entry was posted on Sunday, June 17th, 2007 at 4:30 pm and is filed under 此項目被張貼在週日， 2007年6月17日下午4時30分，並提交下 Surveillance, Civil Liberties & Human Rights News 監視，公民自由及人權新聞 . 。 You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反應，此項目通過 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 餵養。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回應 , or ，或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 從你自己的網站。
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