Alarm at US right to highly personal data警鐘在美國有權高度個人資料

Religion and sex life among passenger details to be passed on to officials 宗教與性生活之間的客運及細節問題有待轉嫁到官員

Jamie Doward, home affairs editor 傑米doward ，民政事務主編
Sunday July 22, 2007 週日2007年7月22日
The Observer 觀察員

Highly sensitive information about the religious beliefs, political opinions and even the sex life of Britons travelling to the United States is to be made available to US authorities when the European Commission agrees to a new system of checking passengers.The EC is in the final stages of agreeing a new Passenger Name Record system with the US which will allow American officials to access detailed biographical information about passengers entering international airports.高度敏感的資料，對不同信仰，不同政治見解，甚至性生活的英國民眾前往美國是要提供給美國當局的時候，歐盟委員會同意向一個新的考核制度passengers.the歐共體正處於最後階段商定一個新的乘客姓名記錄系統，與美國，讓美國官員，以獲取詳細的履歷資料，乘客進入國際機場。

The information sharing system with the US Department of Homeland Security, which updates the previous three-year-old system, is designed to tackle terrorism but civil liberty groups warn it will have serious consequences for European passengers.信息共享系統，與美國國土安全部，其中更新了前3年的舊體制機制，是設計來對付恐怖主義，但公民自由團體提出警告，它會產生嚴重後果，歐洲乘客。 And it has emerged that both the European parliament and the European data protection supervisor are alarmed at the plan.它的出現，無論是歐洲議會和歐洲數據保護主管感到震驚的計劃。

In a strongly worded document drawn up in response to the plan that will affect the 4 million-plus Britons who travel to the US every year, the EU parliament said it ‘notes with concern that sensitive data (ie personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, and data concerning the health or sex life of individuals) will be made available to the DHS and that these data may be used by the DHS in exceptional cases’.在一項措辭強烈的文件，制定了針對這一計劃，該計劃將影響到400萬多名英國人前往美國每年，歐盟議會說，它'關切地注意到，在這個敏感的數據（即個人資料揭示種族或人種，政治觀點，宗教或哲學信仰，工會成員，與數據有關健康或性生活的個人）將提供給國土安全部，並認為這些數據可能被國土安全部在特殊情況下' 。

Under the new agreement, which goes live at the end of this month, the US will be able to hold the records of European passengers for 15 years compared with the current three year limit.根據新的協議，那就是居住在本月底，美國將可持有的紀錄歐洲旅客為15年相比，目前的三年期限。 The EU parliament said it was concerned the data would lead to ‘a significant risk of massive profiling and data mining, which is incompatible with basic European principles and is a practice still under discussion in the US congress.’歐盟議會說，這是涉及到的數據將導致'重大風險的大規模廓線和數據挖掘，這是不符合基本的原則，歐洲和是一個實踐仍在討論之中，在美國國會。

Peter Hustinx, the European Data Protection Supervisor, has written to the EC expressing his ‘grave concern’ at the plan, which he describes as ‘without legal precedent’ and one that puts ‘European data protection rights at risk’.彼得hustinx ，歐洲數據保護主管，曾寫信給歐共體表示'嚴重關切'在計劃，其中他形容為'沒有法律先例'一說，把'歐洲數據保護的權利處於危險' 。

Hustinx warns: ‘Data on EU citizens will be readily accessible to a broad range of US agencies and there is no limitation to what US authorities are allowed to do with the data.’ hustinx警告說： '數據對歐盟國家公民，將容易獲得範圍廣泛的美國機構，不存在限制什麼，美國當局允許與數據。

He expresses concern about ‘the absence of a robust legal mechanism that enables EU citizens to challenge misuse of their personal information’.他對此表示關注， '如果沒有一個健全的法律機制，使歐盟國家公民來挑戰濫用自己的個人信息。

Hustinx concludes: ‘I have serious doubts whether the outcome of these negotiations will be fully compatible with European fundamental rights, which both the Council and the Commission have stated are non negotiable.’ hustinx最後說： '我有嚴重懷疑是否這些談判的結果將完全符合歐洲基本權利，這兩個公司理事會和委員會已是非流通。

The new agreement will see US authorities gain access to detailed passenger information, from credit card details to home addresses and even what sort of food may have been ordered before a flight.這項新的協議將看到美國當局獲取詳細的乘客信息系統，從信用卡的細節，以家庭住址，甚至什麼樣的食品可能已被下令前飛行。 In addition, US authorities will be free to add other information they have obtained about a passenger, leading to concerns about how the information will be shared.此外，美國當局將可自由添加其他信息，他們已經獲得了關於一名乘客，導致關注的是怎樣的資料，將被分享。

It has emerged that neither Hustinx nor the European parliament were aware of the final draft of the plan.它已湧現出既不hustinx也不歐洲議會議員被察覺的最後草稿這一計劃的步伐。

‘If you are going to have this kind of agreement it should involve parliament and the data protection supervisor,’ said Tony Bunyan of Statewatch, the civil liberties organisation that campaigns against excessive surveillance. 『如果你要這樣的協議，它應當包括議會和數據保護監督員， '托尼說， Bunyan的的statewatch ，公民自由組織活動，打擊過度監視。

He warned that under the new system the data will be shared with numerous US agencies.他警告說，在新制度下，這些數據將被共享眾多美國機構。 ‘The data protection supervisor and the European parliament are angry that they were not consulted,’ Bunyan said. '數據保護主管和歐洲議會的憤怒，他們並沒有徵詢， ' Bunyan的說。 ‘But they are also angry with a number of elements of the plan such as giving the US the absolute right to pass the data on to third parties.’ '但他們也憤怒了一些計劃的要點，例如給予美國絕對有權通過數據給第三方。

Simon Davies, director of Privacy International, another group that campaigns against state surveillance, said the new agreement gave huge powers to the US authorities.西蒙戴維斯，主任隱私國際，另一批人認為運動對國家偵察時說，新協議作了巨大的權力交給美國當局。 ‘We have no guarantee about how this data will be used,’ Davies said. '我們都不能保證如何實現這個數據將用於'戴維斯說。

A spokeswoman for the Information Commissioner’s Office in England and Wales said it would be discussing the matter with European counterparts shortly.一名發言人新聞處長的辦公室在英格蘭和威爾士表示，將討論此事與歐洲同行不久。 ‘We are working with the European Data Protection Supervisor and our other EU data protection colleagues to come to a joint opinion on the level of data protection set out in the final agreement,’ the spokeswoman said. '我們正與歐洲數據保護主管和其他歐盟數據保護的同事來了聯合意見，對級別的數據保護的內容已載列在最後協定中， '該發言人說。

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