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Significance of DNA ‘matches’ in cases not always definitive意義DNA的'比賽'的情況並不總是明確

Tuesday, June 3rd, 2008 週二, 2008年6月3日

dnamatches.jpg By通過 Jason Felch and Maura Dolan賈森費爾奇和毛拉杜蘭 | The 22-year-old San Francisco nurse had been sexually assaulted and stabbed in the heart. |今年22歲的舊金山護士遭到過性侵犯,並在刺傷心臟。 She lay on her back, her neck laced with scratches and her mouth open as if frozen in a scream.她奠定她的背部,她的頸部laced與划痕和她的口開放,如果凍結在一個尖叫聲。

For more than three decades, Sylvester’s slaying went unsolved.三年多幾十年來,西爾維斯特的殺去解決。 Then, in 2004, a search of California’s DNA database of criminal offenders yielded an apparent breakthrough: Badly deteriorated DNA from the assailant’s sperm was linked to John Puckett, an obese, wheelchair-bound 70-year-old with a history of rape.然後,在2004年,搜索加州的DNA資料庫的刑事犯罪分子,取得了明顯的突破:嚴重損壞的DNA從行凶者的精子是聯繫在一起的約翰puckett ,肥胖,坐輪椅的70歲男與歷史強姦罪。

The DNA “match” was based on fewer than half of the genetic markers typically used to connect someone to a crime, and there was no other physical evidence. DNA的“匹配”是基於只有不到一半的遺傳標記通常用來連接某人犯罪的,並沒有其他實物證據。

Puckett insisted he was innocent, saying that although DNA at the crime scene happened to match his, it belonged to someone else. puckett堅持說,他是無辜的說,雖然DNA的在犯罪現場發生的事情,以配合他的,它屬於別人。

At Puckett’s trial earlier this year, the prosecutor told the jury that the chance of such a coincidence was 1 in 1.1 million.在puckett的審判在今年早些時候,檢察官告訴陪審團說的機會,這樣的巧合,被一在110萬美元。

Jurors were not told, however, the statistic that leading scientists consider the most significant: the probability that the database search had hit upon an innocent person.陪審員沒有被告知,不過,統計領導的科學家認為最重要的:概率,該數據庫的搜索擊中後,一個無辜的人。

In Puckett’s case, it was 1 in 3.在puckett的情況下,這是一在3 。

The case is emblematic of a national problem, the Los Angeles Times has found.此案是象徵一個國家的問題,洛杉磯時報發現。

Prosecutors and crime labs across the country routinely use numbers that exaggerate the significance of DNA matches in “cold hit” cases, in which a suspect is identified through a database search.檢察官和犯罪實驗室,該國各地經常使用的數字誇大意義的DNA相匹配,在“冷打”案件,事件中一名嫌疑人是通過確定一個數據庫搜索。

Jurors are often told that the odds of a coincidental match are hundreds of thousands of times more remote than they actually are, according to a review of scientific literature and interviews with leading authorities in the field.陪審員往往是說的賠率一個偶然的匹配是數以十萬計的時代較偏遠的比他們其實是,根據檢討的科學文獻和訪談,領導當局在該領域。

Two national scientific committees, including the FBI’s DNA advisory board, have recommended portraying the odds more conservatively.兩個國家科學委員會,包括美國聯邦調查局的DNA諮詢委員會,已提出建議,描繪的賠率更保守。 But interviews with expert witnesses and DNA analysts from crime labs across the country show that few if any have adopted that approach.但採訪的專家證人和DNA分析,從犯罪實驗室的該國各地表明,數,如果任何已採取這種做法。

“It is only a matter of time until someone is wrongfully convicted because of this,” said Keith Devlin, a Stanford mathematician who has studied the problem. “這只是一個時間的問題,直到有人錯誤地定罪,正因為如此,說: ”基思戴弗林,斯坦福大學的數學家誰研究了這個問題。

For years, police used DNA only to compare a crime-scene sample to a single person they had other reasons to suspect.多年來,警方使用的DNA進行比較,只有一犯罪現場抽樣,以單身人士,他們有其他的理由來懷疑。 In court, prosecutors could legitimately cite the remote odds that someone selected at random off the street would share the same genetic profile.在法庭上,檢察官可以合法地舉出遠程賠率有人隨機選擇小康街將共享相同的遺傳的個人資料。

In cold hit cases, the investigation starts with a DNA match found by searching thousands, or even millions, of genetic profiles in an offender database.在冷戰擊中的情況下,調查開始與一個DNA匹配,發現通過搜索成千上萬,或什至數百萬,遺傳概況,在罪犯的數據庫。 Each comparison increases the chance of a match to an innocent person.每個比較增加的機會,比賽以1無辜的人。

Nevertheless, police labs and prosecutors almost always calculate the odds as if the suspect had been selected randomly from the general population in a single try.不過,警方實驗室和檢察官幾乎總是計算的賠率為,如果該名疑犯已被隨機選出,從一般的人口在一個單一的嘗試。

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This entry was posted on Tuesday, June 3rd, 2008 at 9:46 am and is filed under 此項目被張貼於週二, 2008年6月3日在上午09時46分,並提交下 Science & Technology News 科技新聞 , Surveillance, Civil Liberties & Human Rights News 監視,公民自由及人權新聞 . You can follow any responses to this entry through the 您可以按照任何的反應,此項目通過 RSS 2.0 2.0 feed. 餵養。 You can 您可以 leave a response 留下的回應 , or ,或 trackback Trackback跟踪 from your own site. 從你自己的網站。
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